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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Undiksha Bio-Pedagogi : Jurnal Pembelajaran Biologi Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Delta-Pi : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan As-syifaa Jurnal Farmasi PEDAGOGI Jurnal Cendekia : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Jurnal Kreativitas PKM JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati) Jambura Elementary Education Journal Jurnal Sehat Mandiri MEJ (Mathematics Education Journal) Jurnal Caksana: Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Dinamika Journal : Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan JOURNAL EDUCATIONAL OF NURSING(JEN) Childhood Education : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Indonesia Berdaya Jurnal Farmasi Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pembelajaran INPHARNMED Journal (Indonesian Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Journal) Jurnal Pengabdian Teknologi Tepat Guna Ahmar Metakarya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan (JKIP) Sultan Idris Journal of Psychology and Education Media Farmasi Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Prosiding SNPBS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi dan Saintek) Sciences of Pharmacy Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Delima Paidea : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Indonesia Pedagogi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Jurnal Pengabdian Barelang Lentera : Jurnal Kajian Bidang Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Melior : Jurnal Riset Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Indonesia Lucerna : Jurnal Riset Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran JPM Pambudi Golden Age : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Rina Wijayanti
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Journal : JOURNAL EDUCATIONAL OF NURSING(JEN)

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUES AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON CONTROLLED BLOOD PRESSURE: A META-ANALYSIS ‎, Wahidin; Raidanti, Dina; Jayanti, Christin; Syaefudin, Didin; Wijayanti, Rina
JOURNAL EDUCATIONAL OF NURSING(JEN) Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN)
Publisher : STIKes RSPAD RSPAD Gatot Soebroto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37430/jen.v9i1.350

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major global public health problem, with prevalence increasing, particularly among adults and older adults. Non-pharmacological interventions such as relaxation techniques and physical exercise are widely recommended for blood pressure control. However, evidence directly comparing the relative effectiveness of these two approaches remains limited and inconsistent. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of relaxation techniques and physical exercise in reducing blood pressure using a meta-analytic approach. Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies evaluating relaxation techniques or physical exercise interventions on blood pressure outcomes were included. Statistical analyses were performed using a random-effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect size metric. Heterogeneity and subgroup analyses by age group and intervention type were conducted. Results: A total of 33 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, non-pharmacological interventions significantly reduced blood pressure (SMD = −0.744; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that relaxation techniques produced a greater reduction in blood pressure (SMD = −0.954) than physical exercise (SMD = −0.570). The largest effect size was observed among older adults (SMD = −1.075). Substantial heterogeneity was identified across studies (I² = 74.1%). Conclusion: Both relaxation techniques and physical exercise are effective non-pharmacological interventions for reducing blood pressure, with relaxation techniques demonstrating greater and more consistent effects, particularly among older adults. These findings provide robust comparative evidence to support evidence-based hypertension management strategies.
Co-Authors Abdur Rosyid Abdur Rosyid Aeni, Saniatul Akbar, Moch. Ramli akbar, mochammad ramli Akbar, Mochammad Ramly Akbar, Muchammad Ramli Alina, Rusda Anggun Dwi V Angrraeni, Yunita Dwi Anjeline, Aprilia Mega Antares, Dendy Andrea Antika, Erma Beti Trindi Anugraini, Asri Putri Apriadi, Awal Asih Puji Lestari asmah, ayu Azizah, Nuril Budiastiyani, Riri Hartati Chilmia Nurul Fatiha Cipta, Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning Dedi Rusdi Desi Nurferawati Dheanggara Resty Dina Raidanti Dinar, Ismawati Eka Wahyu Edijanti Goenarwo Eko Harianto, Eko Fauziyah, Afifah Husnun Febrinasari, Angelica Merry Febrinasari, Nisa Fuadah, Farikha Sitra Hananingtyas, Silvianti haryono, sarah emmanuel Henni Anggraini, Henni Hesti Ratnasari, Hesti Hidayati, Selvi Nuri Iffa Kholishotul Izza Ilahi, Me'an Pesha Bryan Irawan, Amindra Izza, Iffa Kholishotul Jayanti, Christin Kartika, Era Dewi Khusniyah, Mufidatul Lada, Maria Sabarina Rato Lailia, Nihayatul Lasiana, Dian Ning Legowo, M. E. Putri Ayu Lestari Lestari, Septia Dwi M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Maran, Meliana Hadung Maynia Susanti Meliana, Dias Feni Mika Ambarawati, Mika Muhana Gipayana, Muhana Muhardjito Muhardjito Mulya Prayoga, Deden Mumpuni, Wanda Danis Musyarrafah, Musyarrafah Nikmah, Ilya Syafa?atun Nikmah, Ilya Syafa’atun Ningrum, Ika Lestari Ningtyas, Ery Ardiyanti Nurferawati, Desi Nuzlil Laily Nur Azizah, Nuzlil Laily Nur P, Nabilla Andasari Palui, Yustina Kartini Pebrianti, Chindi Pertiwi, Dita Yati Pratiwi, Sela Firnanda Prayoga, Deden Mulya Priyatno, Sugeng Putri Anugraini, Asri Putri, Devyra Yunika Mutiara Sari Suwarto Rachmawati Rachmawati Rahayunita, Cicilia Ika Rahman, Fariya Azzuri Ramadhaniati, Dian Pratiwi Res, Viktoria Resty, Dheanggara Ridwan, Sucilawaty Rochsun, Rochsun Rokhmawati, Yudies Rosa, Selvi Alkailia Rosyid, Abdur Safwan Safwan, Safwan Salim, Muhamad Samsul Nur Saniatul Aeni Saputri, Seftiyaningsih Duwi Saraswati, Herluin Nadia Sari, Della Mareta Septiana, Yunia Shihab, Aura Najwa Siti Kurniasih SITI MUNTOMIMAH, SITI Slamet Santosa Sri Widoretno Suparti, S Susanti, Maynia Susmayanti, Windi Sutanto, Gusnul Syaefudin, Didin Syarifah, Muslihatus Ulya, Fadhia Tafrichatul Ulyana, Dewi Umari, Intan V, Anggun Dwi Wahidin Wahidin Wahidin, Wahidin Wardani, Novia Kusuma Widyaning Hapsari, Widyaning Widyaningrum, Kinar Santi Wuryani, Tri Yulianti, Beti Zahrotul Mufidah ‎, Wahidin