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THE PROTECTION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OF SUNDA WIWITAN BELIEVERS Kusmayanti, Hazar; Kania, Dede; Mulyanto, Dede
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 8 No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.8.3.2019.391-406

Abstract

Sunda Wiwitan as a religion had existed prior to the other, more well known religions in Indonesia, but is currently isn’t recognized as an official religion by Act No.1/PNPS/1965. The state, as opposed to guaranteeing the freedom of belief and its practice, instead imposes restrictions on religion in this particular case, leaving the believers of Sunda Wiwitan feeling abandoned and as outcasts. As a result, many violations and discriminations are experienced by adherents of Sunda Wiwitan. One example of such discrimination is the “whiting-out” of the “religion” column in ID Cards. The result of this discrimination is difficulty in accessing civil documents, in addition to verbal violence from certain parts of the society who assume the Sunda Wiwitan belief as heretic.
Case Study of The Supreme Court Ruling Number: 3002 K/Pdt/2015 On The Validity of Provision of Income Agreement Which Was Made Before Divorce Based On Civil Code Kusmayanti, Hazar; Warapsari, Tri Utami; Rachmainy, Linda
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v7i1.9096

Abstract

Abstract:A legally created agreement applies as law to those who make it. The terms of the validity of an agreement are regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). If the terms of the validity of the agreement are not fulfilled, then the legal consequences arising from such agreements can be annulled or null and void. The practice in society can be seen in The Supreme Court Ruling Number 3002 K/PDT/2015, there was married couple who are while in the period of marriage bonds, made agreements in front of the Notary and written down in Notarial Deed Number 72, which content is concerning the demand of child’s living cost for a lifetime, asked by the wife to the husband when the divorce happens later. The Supreme Court Ruling Number 3002 K/PDT/2015 states that the demand of living cost agreement is invalid and can be annulled because it does not meet one of the requirements of the validity of the agreement, which is the lawful reason as regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The purpose of this study is to know the Supreme Court Ruling on the validity of the demands of living cost agreement and legal consequence of the agreement based on the Civil Code.Keywords: the validity of the demands of living cost agreement, the legal consequence of the agreement Abstrak:Suatu perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya. Syarat-syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian diatur dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Apabila syarat-syarat sahnya perjanjian tidak terpenuhi, maka akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan adalah perjanjian tersebut dapat dibatalkan atau batal demi hukum. Dalam praktek di masyarakat sebagaimana yang ada pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3002 K/PDT/2015, terdapat pasangan suami istri yang dalam masa ikatan perkawinan membuat perjanjian di hadapan Notaris dan dituangkan di dalam Akta Notaris Nomor 72, isinya menyangkut tuntutan nafkah hidup untuk anak dan dimintakan selama seumur hidup yang diajukan oleh istri kepada suami apabila kelak terjadi perceraian. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3002 K/PDT/2015 menyatakan bahwa perjanjian tuntutan nafkah tersebut tidak sah dan dapat dibatalkan karena tidak memenuhi salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian yaitu syarat sebab yang halal yang diatur di dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang keabsahan perjanjian tuntutan nafkah dan akibat hukum perjanjian tersebut ditinjau dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata).Kata Kunci: Keabsahan Perjanjian Tuntutan Nafkah, Akibat Hukum Perjanjian Аннотация:Законно созданное соглашение применяется как закон к тем, кто его делает. Условия действия договора регулируются статьей 1320 Гражданского кодекса (KUHPerdata). Если условия действия соглашения не выполнены, то юридические последствия таких соглашений могут быть аннулированы или признаны недействительными. Практику в обществе можно увидеть в Постановлении Верховного суда № 3002 K / PDT / 2015: была супружеская пара, которая находилась в период брачных уз, заключила соглашения с нотариусом и записала в нотариальном акте № 72, какое содержание касается потребности в стоимости жизни ребенка на всю жизнь, которую жена спрашивает у мужа, когда развод происходит позже. Постановление Верховного суда № 3002 K / PDT / 2015 гласит, что соглашение о стоимости жизни недействительно и может быть аннулировано, поскольку оно не соответствует одному из требований срока действия соглашения, что является законной причиной, регулируемой статьей 1320 Гражданского кодекса. Цель данного исследования состоит в том, чтобы узнать постановление Верховного суда об обоснованности требований соглашения о стоимости жизни и правовых последствиях соглашения, основанного на Гражданском кодексе.Ключевые Слова: Обоснованность Требований Договора Прожиточного Минимума, Юридические Последствия Договора
EPISTEMOLOGI SISTEM PEWARISAN PATRILINEAL DALAM HUKUM WARIS ADAT DENGAN SISTEM PEWARISAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA Febriana, Dina Triana; Kusmayanti, Hazar; Nugroho, Bambang Daru
Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam
Publisher : Family Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v5i1.30827

Abstract

Indonesia menganut sistem hukum pluralisme, yaitu menggunakan sistem hukum tertulis, hukum adat, dan hukum Islam secara sekaligus. Penerapan hukum adat dan hukum Islam di Indonesia diakui dan dapat diterapkan hanya dalam beberapa bidang, seperti hukum waris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis-normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu studi dokumen kepustakaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, eksistensi hukum adat walaupun merupakan hukum tidak tertulis tapi masih tetap diberlakukan di Indonesia karena masyarakat adat yang masih menganut dan taat pada hukum adat tersebut dengan keberadaannya diakui dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Kedua, pembagian waris dalam hukum adat di Indonesia, penerapan dalam setiap wilayah akan berbeda-beda dan dapat juga dilihat dari garis keturunan dalam hukum adat yang dianut seperti garis keturunan patrilineal dalam pembagian warisnya hanya anak laki-laki yang berhak mewarisi harta peninggalan dari pewaris (ayahnya). Ketiga, pembagian waris dalam hukum Islam telah ditentukan nilai mutlak pembagiannya atau jumlah besarnya berdasarkan Al-Qur’an. Keempat, pembagian waris dalam hukum adat secara garis keturunan patrilineal dan hukum Islam memiliki perbedaan dalam menetapkan nilai mutlak pembagian kepada ahli waris dan juga perbedaan dalam menentukan ahli waris yang berhak mewarisi.
SAPAYUANG MARRIAGE IN MINANGKABAU FROM THE PRESPECTIVES OF MASHLAHAH, ‘URF, AND HUMAN RIGHTS Maulana, Ramza Fatria; Kania, Dede; Kusmayanti, Hazar
Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam
Publisher : Family Law Study Program, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v5i2.34479

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the punishment of Sapayuang marriage according to Mashlahah perspective, ‘urf, and Human Rights correlated with the custom philosophy, Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi kitabullah (Custom based on Islam, Islam based on Al-Qur’an) which is life foundation of Minangkabau people, the offender of sapayuang marriage accepts severe punishment. This research utilized the empirical juridical method wherein qualitative research was used as the research approach. Primary data was derived from the interview and field findings. Then, these data were analyzed using the relevant theories correlated with this issue such as classic books, books, journals, articles, law dictionaries, encyclopedia, and the previous correlated research to obtain a conclusion. There are several findings of this research, 1) the witness of sapayuang marriage is classified into mashlahah dharuriyah because maintaining the self-respect and prestige is included in mashlahah dharuriyah. If it is viewed from the perspective whether mashalahah changed or not, the prohibition of sapayuang marriage is categorized into mashlahah mutaqaiyyirah. If it is reviewed from the mashlahah side, it is characterized into mashlahah mursalah, because there is no nash which bann it. However, there is no nash which supports it. As a result, it cannot be classified into mashlahah mulghah, 2) If it is reviewed from the ‘urf object perspectives, the prohibition and punishment of sapayuang marriage are included in ‘urf amali, which means the society habits related to actions. Then, if it is seen from the scope, this prohibition is included in ‘urf  khashah which means the habit which is particularly obeyed by the people in certain region. If it is reviewed from the validity of ‘urf related to the punishment of sapayuang marriage, it is ‘urf shahih, and 3) according to the Western human rights perspective, the punishment dibuang dari nagari (expelled) and excommunicated is included in Human Right violation. It is different from the concept of Eastern human rights which emphasizes human rights as part of Islamic teaching implementation.
Shifting The Customary Inheritance of The Minangkabau Tribe Based on The Perspective of Justice and Gender Equality D. Andra, Vini Aprila; Judiasih, Sonny Dewi; Kusmayanti, Hazar
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i1.49914

Abstract

The richness of Indonesian culture has an impact on the variation of regulatory systems that apply in each region, including the enactment of customary inheritance law for the Minangkabau Tribe. Modernity has an impact on the social adaptation of the community in addressing customary inheritance law. The research conducted examines the impact of injustice and gender inequality in Minangkabau customary inheritance law, as well as the shift in its provisions related to the principle of justice. The method used in the research is a normative juridical approach that focuses on exploring the interaction between customary inheritance law and positive law in the context of justice and gender equality. This qualitative approach research uses primary data through interviews and observations, as well as secondary data in the form of books, journals, and legal documents. The results of this study show that Minangkabau customary inheritance law which adheres to the matrilineal system gives the main role to women as heirs of high heirlooms. This reflects gender equality in Minangkabau society, where women are considered more capable of maintaining and caring for cultural and family heritage. However, over time, there has been a shift in gender roles, including men who have begun to become heirs influenced by migration and cultural acculturation. Nonetheless, the system still seeks to maintain a balance between customary traditions and the principles of Islamic law, which form the basis of inheritance distribution.
LEGAL STATUS OF DOWRIES PROVISION BY THIRD PARTIES Kusmayanti, Hazar; Djanuardi, Djanuardi; Hadiyanti, Nurmeida; Yuanitasari, Deviana
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v5i2.3343

Abstract

This article discusses the issue of the legal validity of marriage contract in the case dowry is paid by a third party.  Legal analysis will be performed on the legal principles and regulations found in The Law Number 1 Year 1974 on Marriage, The Compilation of Islamic Law and sources in Islamic Law .  One important finding is does not forbid the payment of dowry by a third party and that this practice does not affect the validity of the marriage contract.
The Character of Peace in Judges’ Customary Criminal Receptions as Restorative Justice Kusmayanti, Hazar; Putri, Sherly Ayuna; Fakhriah, Efa Laela; Rajamanickam, Ramalinggam
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Contemporary Global Issues on Law Reform, Legal Certainty, and Justice
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.vol5i1.2518

Abstract

The idea that restorative justice primarily derives from indigenous communities' beliefs, which have existed for a very long time and have evolved into customary law from generation to generation, gave rise to the term restorative justice in Indonesia. According to Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Judicial Power Law, it is the duty of the judge to investigate, adhere to, and comprehend the legal values and sense of justice that exist in society. The author of this study will examine how judges in courts use restorative justice in the process of interpreting local customary law to avoid conflicts with it. And discover what challenges judges in court face in accepting this customary law. The author's research strategy is normative juridical and is based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal resources. According to research, district court judges can significantly contribute to the realization of restorative justice in the context of customary criminal law by having a thorough understanding of customary law, employing a mediation approach, enforcing restorative sanctions, offering education and counseling; and placing a high priority on reconciliation. The current national criminal justice system can be viewed as failing to represent the interests of victims. The social background of the judge's origin, the judge's educational background, the judge's ethnicity, and the environment at the time of the hearing are all barriers to judges accepting customary law in their decisions.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Masyarakat Etnis Tionghoa Benteng Melalui Mediasi Ditinjau Dari Kepercayaan Masyarakat Etnis Tionghoa Benteng dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan Novita, Elvania; Natajaya, Elvania Novita; Kusmayanti, Hazar; Rubiati, Betty
Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains Vol 3 No 02 (2024): Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/jhhws.v3i02.1179

Abstract

Mediasi merupakan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk mempertemukan para pihak yang berada dalam sengketa untuk memperoleh sebuah keputusan. Mediasi dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh win-win solution bagi para pihak yang bersengketa. Mediasi telah dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sejak dahulu, termasuk dalam menyelesaikan sengketa waris pada masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan praktik pembagian waris masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng serta menguraikan proses mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng berdasarkan adat masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Prosedur Mediasi Di Pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Penulis menghubungkan problematika secara komprehensif berdasarkan peraturan hukum nasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam melakukan pembagian waris masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng menggunakan sistem hukum waris berdasarkan KUHPerdata atau berdasarkan adat serta kepercayaannya. Masyarakat etnis Tionghoa Benteng mengutamakan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa waris melalui mediasi adat di luar pengadilan jika terjadi sengketa dalam pelaksanaaanya.
TINDAKAN HAKIM DALAM PERKARA GUGATAN WANPRESTASI AKTA PERDAMAIAN Kusmayanti, Hazar
Jurnal Yudisial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021): OPINIO JURIS SIVE NECESSITATIS
Publisher : Komisi Yudisial RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29123/jy.v14i1.403

Abstract

ABSTRAKTerkadang suatu akta perdamaian yang telah disepakati oleh para pihak yang sedang bersengketa, tidak dilaksanakan oleh salah satu pihak atau bahkan oleh kedua belah pihak. Salah satunya Putusan Akta Perdamaian Nomor 35/Pdt.G/2007/PN.Sal. Dalam kasus ini hakim yang menangani perkara tersebut menyatakan bahwa gugatan yang diajukan oleh penggugat tidak dapat diterima (niet ontvankelijk verklaard). Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai tepatkah tindakan hakim Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga yang memproses gugatan wanprestasi atas Akta Perdamaian Nomor 35/Pdt.G/2007/PN.Sal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif, mengkaji peraturan hukum dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian majelis hakim Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga pada perkara Putusan Nomor 22/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Slt sebetulnya telah menerapkan asas ius curia novit. Di mana setiap hakim tahu akan hukum, sehingga harus mengadili setiap perkara yang diajukan kepadanya. Majelis hakim juga telah tepat menyatakan gugatan tidak dapat diterima, dikarenakan pengugat belum melaksanakan kewajibannya yang ada di dalam akta perdamaian. Namun dalam pertimbangan hukumnya, majelis hakim kurang memperhatikan ketentuan Pasal 130 ayat (2) HIR dan Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. Sebetulnya dalam kasus gugatan wanprestasi akta perdamaian cukup hanya mengajukan permohonan pelaksanaan putusan (eksekusi) ke Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga.Kata kunci: akta perdamaian; ius curia novit; gugatan tidak dapat diterima. ABSTRACTOccasionally, deed of settlement that has been agreed by the disputed parties is not enforced by one party or even by both parties. Among those cases is the Decision on Deed of Settlement Number 35/Pdt.G/2007/PN.Sal. The panel of judges in this case stated that the lawsuit filed by the plaintiff cannot be granted (niet ontvankelijk verklaard). This study examines action of panel of judges from the Salatiga District Court who handled the lawsuit regarding breach of Deed of Settlement Number 35/Pdt.G/2007/PN.Sal. This research uses normative juridical method, by reviewing law regulations and secondary data. The results of the research concludes the panel of judges from Salatiga District Court on case number 22/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Slt have applied ius curia novit principle which means every judge shall know law, accordingly he/she has to try every case brought to him/her. The panel of judges have also stipulated correctly that the lawsuit cannot be granted because the plaintiff has not enforced the obligations as stated in the deed of settlement. However, in the decision’s deliberation, the panel of judges did not pay attention to the provision of Article 130 paragraph (2) HIR and Perma Number 1 of 2016. In a lawsuit for breach of deed of settlement the plaintiff is adequate to only le a petition for the enforcement of the decision to the Salatiga District Court.Keywords: deed of settlement; ius curia novit; lawsuit not granted.
Application Of Fast Events In Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution Based On Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 Of 2016 In The Perspective Of Easy Of Doing Business Rahman, Rian Fauzi; Afriana, Anita; Kusmayanti, Hazar
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v21i2.4437

Abstract

This study aims to determine the comparison of conventional procedural lawsuits and simple event lawsuits for sharia economic dispute settlement based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Resolving Sharia Economic Disputes. This research refers to the perspective of Easy of Doing Business or ease of doing business to the extent of its contribution to improving the ranking of ease of doing business that has been indicatored, especially in Indonesia. The government has made regulations to provide business protection, among others, through legal certainty and ease of doing business. Various problems in the arrangement regarding the dispute resolution process are sufficient to make business actors reluctant to continue their business activities, from the length of the series of judicial methods, expensive costs, to the very confiscated time. This research uses normative juridical research methods carried out with research events on applicable positive legal principles or doctrines, research on legal systematics that can be carried out on certain laws and regulations or written which aims to identify the main understanding / basis of rights and obligations, legal events, legal relationships, legal objects that review Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 of 2016 concerning Procedures Sharia Economic Case Settlement in support of Easy Of Doing Business (EoDB) in business dispute cases with its resolution through a simple court system. The conclusion of this study is that the simple event lawsuit system in sharia economic disputes has been effectively applied in its application, which can be considered to have implications for the ease of doing business including starting business and enforcement contracts.