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Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Antibiotic Stewardship in Health Workers at Sultan Syarif Mohammad Alkadrie Hospital, Indonesia Restika, Risma A.; Mardhia, Mardhia; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Liana, Delima F.; IH, Hariyanto
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.56573

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. The World Health Organization reports that antimicrobial resistance constitutes a serious threat to public health worldwide. One of the risk factors in the development of antimicrobial resistance cases is the irrational use of antibiotics. Knowledge and behavior of health worker about antibiotic stewardship play a role in preventing antibiotic resistance cases. This study aimed to demonstrate knowledge and behavior regarding antibiotic stewardship in health workers at Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using consecutive sampling with total of 39 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires with total of 45 questions. Knowledge and behavior of respondents were categorized as good, moderate, and low. The data was analyzed using the spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that most health workers had good knowledge 97.44% (38/39) and good behavior 87.18% (34/39) related to antibiotic stewardship with a spearman p-value >0.05. Antibiotic stewardship is important for health workers to prevent an increase in antibiotic resistance cases and their impact on public health worldwide. As we know, increasing antibiotic resistance is a globally major problem as health system depends on effective antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in the Internal Medicine Ward and ICU at Universitas Tanjungpura Hospital Pontianak with ATC/DDD Rifdah, Dzuria Adhana; Ih, Hariyanto; Liana, Delima Fajar; Mardhia, Mardhia; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 14, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.92330

Abstract

Background: Evaluating the wise use of antibiotics is needed to control antibiotic resistance in hospitals.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze patient characteristics, antibiotic profiles, and quantitative use of antibiotics in inpatients prescribed by internal medicine specialists in the internal medicine ward and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Universitas Tanjungpura Hospital Pontianak from August to October 2022.Methods: This study method is descriptive observational, and data collection was done retrospectively using a purposive sampling technique. There were 143 samples that met the inclusion criteria, and then using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method, the samples were analyzed quantitatively.Results: Most patient characteristics were female patients (60.14%), patients aged 56-65 (26.57%), and the most common diagnosis was typhoid fever (32.74%). Of the 13 types of antibiotics used, cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic group to patients (58.48%), with the most types of antibiotics in ceftriaxone (42,69%) and intravenous administration of antibiotics was the standard route given to patients. The results of the quantitative analysis of all antibiotic prescriptions obtained a total value of 88.55 DDD/100 patient-days. Antibiotics with the most considerable DDD/100 patient-days value were ceftriaxone (44.71), followed by meropenem (10.46) and levofloxacin (9.28). Furthermore, the value of DDD/100 patient-days is not an indicator in determining the rational use of antibiotics, so further study must be done using the Gyssens method.Conclusion: The value of DDD/100 patient-days is not an indicator in determining the rational use of antibiotics, so further study must be done using the Gyssens method as qualitative evaluation to obtain information regarding the rationality of prescribing antibiotics.
POTENTIAL OF SAMBAS SIAM ORANGE (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) LEAVES ETANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli Irvandy, Muhammad Syifa; Zakiah, Mistika; Asseggaf, Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Mardhia, Mardhia
Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Univers
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/jkk.v12i1.549

Abstract

Escherichia coli has virulence factors and is able to avoid host defenses, and is resistant to antibiotics. Increasing resistance requires alternative therapies, including natural ingredients. The potential that comes from West Kalimantan is the Siamese orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa). All parts of this plant contain secondary metabolites that can be utilized, for example the leaves. The compounds contained in secondary metabolites have antibacterial properties. This study was to determine the antibacterial potential of the ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Method The orange leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol then continued with phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity testing using the disc diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves contained phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. Antibacterial activity testing at all concentrations showed no inhibition zone. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves did not have antibacterial activity on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.
Aktivitas antijamur isolat bakteri endofit tanaman kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Candida albicans Prasetyo, Raditia Tri; Rialita, Ambar; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin
Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/saintek.v13i2.7957

Abstract

Candidiasis adalah infeksi kulit yang disebabkan oleh jamur, terutama spesies Candida albicans. Sebagian besar kasus candidiasis saat ini menunjukkan resistensi terhadap obat antijamur yang ada, sehingga diperlukan pencarian senyawa metabolit baru sebagai alternatif antijamur. Bakteri endofit, mikroorganisme yang hidup di dalam jaringan tumbuhan tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan, diketahui memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan senyawa kimia yang berfungsi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengidentifikasi aktivitas antijamur dari mikroorganisme endofit yang diisolasi dari tanaman kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap C. albicans. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Aktivitas antijamur terhadap C. albicans diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Dari 17 isolat endofit yang diuji, 8 isolat menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan dengan zona hambat berkisar antara 7,16 hingga 10,6 mm. Isolat yang paling potensial, yakni isolat M2, diidentifikasi memiliki kesamaan genus dengan Pseudomonas. Analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder pada isolat M2 mengungkapkan keberadaan saponin, terpenoid, dan flavonoid sebagai senyawa antijamur. Dengan demikian, isolat endofit dari tanaman kunyit terbukti memiliki potensi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans, sehingga tanaman kunyit dapat menjadi pilihan alternatif pengobatan secara tradisional dan menjadi salah satu sumber potensial dalam perkembangan di bidang farmasi.
Knowledge and Behavior of Health Workers on Antibiotic Stewardship at Private Hospital in Pontianak Putri, Lidya Hafidzah; IH, Hariyanto; Mardhia, Mardhia; Liana, Delima Fajar; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 15, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.92481

Abstract

Background: One of the causes of increasing antimicrobial resistance is health workers' lack of knowledge about antibiotics, thus causing irrational behavior in antibiotic stewardship.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and behavior among health workers about antibiotic stewardship and their relationship at a private hospital in Pontianak.Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using consecutive sampling of health workers involved in antibiotic prescribing using a validated and reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation to determine the relationship between knowledge level and behavior.Results: 39 respondents participated, including nine general doctors, 17 specialists, and 13 pharmacists. Most health workers were 26–35 years old (43.59%) and had worked for 1–5 years (48.72%). All respondents had a good knowledge (100%) of the knowledge topic of the etiology, control, and effect of antibiotic resistance. However, only 76.92% of respondents had good behavior, and the rest had moderate behavior (23.08%) on the behavioral topics in the performance of antimicrobial resistance control programs, controlling antibiotic prescribing, performance preventing the spread of resistant microbes, and good antibiotic prescribing practice. The knowledge had a significant relationship towards behavior (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient (r)=0.568.Conclusion: Most health workers in a private hospital had good knowledge and behavior about antibiotic stewardship, and there was a moderately strong and positive relationship between them.
Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Kejadian Jerawat pada Siswa-Siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Safira Sukma Dewinda; Ambar Rialita; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang Vol 6 No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Mamuju

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33490/jkm.v6i2.227

Abstract

Acne vulgaris affects about 85% of adolescents and can last into adulthood. One of the factors that influence the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is androgens. Androgens have an essential role in stimulating sebum production, which has a significant role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Obesity is often accompanied by peripheral hyperandrogenism. Obesity can affect the sebaceous glands and sebum production, which is the major factor in the relationship between acne vulgaris and obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index and the incidence of acne vulgaris. This study used an observational analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Senior High School. Samples were taken using simple random sampling. The independent variable in this study was the body mass index while the dependent variable in this study was acne vulgaris. Sampling was conducted by simple random sampling. We used a logistic regression test for data analysis. The results showed that 61% of students experienced acne vulgaris, and 20.7% of students were obese. The statistical test result showed there was a significant positive correlation relationship between BMI and the incidence of acne vulgaris with a value of p <0.05 and OR 2.807. This study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and the incidence of acne vulgaris. The incidence of acne vulgaris increased by 2,807 times as the increase of BMI among students in Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Senior High School.
Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura selama Pembelajaran Daring Masa COVID-19 dan Hubungannya dengan Keparahan Jerawat Elvin Felix Pratama; Ambar Rialita; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 51 No 1 (2024): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v51i1.1178

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning activities have to be conducted online. Many students have difficulty in dealing with online learning, and it may become a stress factor. Stress may cause several dermatological disorders such as acne. Objective: To determine the relationship between stress caused by online learning and acne severity during the COVID-19 period. Methods: A cross-sectional study with observational analytic research design. The population is Medical Study program students, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University. The sampling method uses the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique with a minimum of 169 samples; 57 third-year students, 55 second-year students, and 57 first-year students. Stress level was measured with the MSSQ questionnaire, acne severity was measured with GAGS. Bivariate analysis used the Spearman correlation test. Results: A total of 62.7% of males and 46.8% of females experienced a moderate level of stress on online learning. A total of 66.7% of males and 56.4% of females had moderate acne. Spearman’s test for the relationship between online learning stress levels and acne severity obtained a value of 0.048 (p <0.05) and r = 0.152. Conclusion: The relationship between the stress level of online learning and the severity of acne among Medical Study program students at, the Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University was very weak. Elvin Felix Pratama, Ambar Rialita, Mahyarudin. Stress Among Medical Study Program Students, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University during Online Learning in COVID-19 Period and Its Correlation with Acne Severity.
Biofilm detection of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, West Kalimantan Anggie, Joycely; Fajar Liana, Delima; Mardhia, Mardhia; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Agustina, Risa
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.18918

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is known as Gram-negative, encapsulated, and non-motile bacteria. One of its most important virulence factors of K. pneumoniae is the ability to form biofilms. A high percentage of K. pneumoniae as biofilm formation is associated with a high incidence of antibiotic resistance, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate biofilm formation of clinical isolates of K. pneumonia from Pontianak, West Kalimantan. A total of 24 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from various specimens were subjected to biofilm formation detection. The biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet formation at wavelength of 570 nm as indicator using microtiter plate assay. As control of biofilm formation was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and as control of non-biofilm formation was Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Data on biofilm formation of the isolates from various specimens were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test with SPSS Ver. 26. All the K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were biofilm producer consisting of 19 isolates were strong biofilm producer, four were moderate biofilm producer, and one isolates was weak biofilm producer. No association between biofilm formation and specimen type was observed (p=0.541). In conclusion, all K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from Pontianak, West Kalimantan are identified as biofilm producer.
Efek pemberian bawang hitam siung tunggal (Allium sativum) terhadap memori jangka pendek tikus Wistar Hasanah, Uswatun; Hermawati, Ery; Handini, Mitra; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Alex, Alex; Ilmiawan, Muhammad In'am
Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/saintek.v14i1.8482

Abstract

Bawang hitam siung tunggal memiliki kandungan antioksidan dan memiliki efek sebagai pelindung terutama pada korteks prefrontal, yang juga berperan dalam fungsi memori. Selain efek antioksidan, bawang hitam siung tunggal memiliki efek anti inflamasi serta modulasi neurotransmitter seperti asetilkolin pada otak yang berhubungan pada pasien dengan gangguan memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek bawang hitam siung tunggal terhadap memori jangka pendek pada tikus wistar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorium eksperimental dengan dengan desain post-test only control group design. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok yaitu kontrol, BG1, BG2, dan BG3 dengan diberi ekstrak etanol bawang hitam siung tunggal sebanyak 2,5 gr, 5 gr, dan 10 gr yang dilarutkan dengan NaCl 0,9% peroral secara berurutan selama 10 hari. Pada hari ke 15 setelah perlakuan terakhir kemudian dilakukan pengujian y maze untuk menentukan menentukan persentase alternasi. Tikus wistar dalam 4 kelompok memiliki hasil persentase yang tidak jauh berbeda pada setiap kelompok yaitu pada kontrol (67.408% ± 9.28%), BG1 (75.72 ± 10.75), BG2 (67.00% ± 9.89%), dan BG3 (73.73% ± 12.69%). Analisis data dengan Uji Krusskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh ekstrak bawang hitam siung tunggal terhadap memori jangka pendek tikus wistar ( P = 0,492). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstrak bawang hitam siung tunggal (Allium sativum Linn) tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap memori jangka pendek pada tikus wistar.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae Saputra, Andhika Fadhil; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Kahtan, Muhammad Ibnu
Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/saintek.v14i1.8673

Abstract

Shigella dysenteriae merupakan penyebab diare yang umum terjadi di seluruh dunia, yang menyerang negara-negara maju dan berkembang seperti Indonesia. Pengobatan disentri biasanya dilakukan dengan antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan berlebihan menyebabkan kasus resistensi sehingga memerlukan pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya bahan alam. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) adalah tumbuhan asli Asia Tenggara, khususnya Indonesia, yang dikenal memiliki berbagai khasiat termasuk sebagai agen antibakteri, obat tradisional untuk diare dan khasiat lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi daya hambat ekstrak etanol 96% daun kratom terhadap Shigella dysenteriae secara in vitro. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi maserasi daun kratom menggunakan ekstrak etanol 96% dan pengujian daya hambat terhadap bakteri patogen Shigella dysenteriae dengam metode kertas cakram Kirby-Bauer. Ekstrak etanol 96% daun kratom pada konsentrasi 5%, 25%, 50% dan 75% tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysenteriae. Kontrol positif (Siprofloksasin) menunjukkan zona hambat dengan diameter 25,8 mm. Tween 80 10% sebagai kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kratom belum efektif terhadap Shigella dysenteriae, mengindikasikan perlunya eksplorasi lebih lanjut terhadap senyawa aktif atau metode ekstraksi yang berbeda untuk pengembangan fitofarmaka lokal.
Co-Authors Abror Irsan Agustina, Risa Alex Alex Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Ambar Rialita Analekta Tiara Perdana Andriani Andriani Andriani Andriani Andriani Anggie, Joycely Anggita Serli Verdian Anja Asmarany Anzas Niam Saputra Arif Wicaksono Asseggaf, Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Bimo Hendrayana Delima Fajar Liana Diana Natalia Diana Natalia Diana Natalia Diana Natalia Diana Natalia Effiana Effiana Eka Ardiani Putri Elliska Murni Harfinda Elvin Felix Pratama Ery Hermawati Fajar Liana, Delima Handini, Mitra Hariyanto IH Helmi Sastriawan Herwandi Herwandi Hutahaean, Olifer Jannes Ilmiawan, Muhammad In'am Iman Rusmana Irvandy, Muhammad Syifa Kahtan, Muhammad Ibnu Kurniawan, Prayoga Ledi RN Sulistyawati Liana, Delima F. Liauw, Josephine Johan Mardhia , Mardhia Mardhia Mardhia Mardhia, Mardhia Marizca Okta Syafani Maulana, Muhammad Ali Meika Meidina Yuanita Minami, Gabriella Stephanie Mistika Zakiah Mita Mita, Mita Mitra Handini Muhammad Asril Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan Najini, Robby Nera Umilia Purwanti, Nera Umilia Nizarrahmadi Nizarrahmadi Nur Al Huda Patrio Victorianus Baraga Prasetyo, Raditia Tri Putri, Lidya Hafidzah Qurrota Ayun Rahmawati, Nadia Restika, Risma A. Reza Wahyudi Rialita, Ambar Rifdah, Dzuria Adhana Riki Vernando Rini Andriani Rista Delyani Safira Sukma Dewinda Saputra, Andhika Fadhil Saskya Maulidya Astari Sembodho Edi Kurniawan Shafira Kurnia Warianti Shintya Dewi Sigit Normagiat Sukma Ayu Anandhita Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Assegaf Syarifah NYRS Asseggaf Tafwidhah, Yuyun Tanti Melinda Tomi Lim Uswatun Hasanah Vanesa, Vanesa Veren Evelyn Chandra Vica Vionita Rosalim Virhan Novianry Vivi Yanthi Warianti, Shafira Kurnia Willy Handoko Willy Sanjaya Yoga Pramana YULIN LESTARI Zaitin Nur Zulfikar Dwi Kiswahyu Nindo