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The Bacterial Susceptibility of Levofloxacin for Urinary Tract Infections Bacteria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Zulfikar Dwi Kiswahyu Nindo; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Mardhia Mardhia; Andriani Andriani
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 13 No 2 (2022): (In Press)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v13i2.6469

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, and can be associated with long term organ damage, organ dysfunction, and multiple organ failure. Type 2 DM causes high glucose levels in urine and suppression of the immune system, as in result it becomes a predisposing factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs). The antibiotic therapies that can be given in UTIs is levofloxacin which is effective against many types of bacteria that cause UTIs.This study aimed to determine the pattern of levofloxacin sensitivity against the bacteria that cause UTIs patients with type 2 DM. Methods: The study used a descriptive method with a total sample of 22 bacterial isolates that had been isolated from UTIs patients with type 2 DM . The bacterial isolates were collections of the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University. The study was conducted from June to October 2019. The antibiotic sensitivity test used the disc diffusion method and interpretation based on the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: levofloxacin was sensitive to UTIs bacteria by 95,45% with a total of 21 isolates from 22 isolates. The levofloxacin sensitivity pattern which was sensitive to types of bacteria such as Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (66,67%), Klebsiella sp. (100%), and Shigella sp. (100%). Conclusion: levofloxacin is sensitive against bacteria that cause UTIs in type 2 DM patients with a percentage of 95,45%. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Urinary Tract Infections; Levofloxacin. Abstrak Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik menahun yang memiliki karakteristik berupa hiperglikemia, kondisi ini dapat berkaitan dengan kerusakan organ jangka panjang, disfungsi organ, dan kegagalan berbagai organ dalam tubuh. DM tipe 2 mengakibatkan tingginya kadar glukosa dalam urin dan penekanan sistem imun, sehingga dapat menjadi faktor predisposisi terhadap infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Terapi antibiotik yang dapat diberikan pada ISK adalah levofloksasin yang efektif terhadap banyak jenis bakteri penyebab ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitas antibiotic levofloksasin terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan total sampel sebanyak 22 isolat bakteri yang telah diisolasi dari pasien ISK dengan DM tipe 2. Isolat bakteri merupakan koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Oktober 2019. Pengujian sensitivitas antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram dan menggunakan tabel Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) sebagai panduan kriteria. Hasil: levofloksasin sensitif terhadap bakteri ISK sebesar 95,45% dengan jumlah isolat sebanyak 21 dari 22 isolat uji. Pola sensitivitas levofloksasin yang bersifat sensitif pada jenis bakteri yaitu Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (66,67%), Klebsiella sp. (100%), dan Shigella sp. (100%). Kesimpulan: levofloksasin sensitif terhadap bakteri penyebab ISK pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan persentase sebesar 95,45%. Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus; Infeksi Saluran Kemih; Levofloksasin.

The Antifungal Effect of Kesum Leaf (Polygonum minus Huds) in Ethanol Extract on Microsporum gypseum Liauw, Josephine Johan; Rizki, Syarifah Nurulyanti; Natalia, Diana; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Dermatophytosis or tinea is a disease found in the keratinized tissues caused by dermatophytes. The prolonged use of antifungal drugs has adverse effects on humans. Kesum leaves (Polygonum minus Huds) contains the secondary metabolite properties which can act as anti-fungi. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of kesum leaves in inhibiting the Microsporum gypseum.Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed using a test tube method and thin layer chromatography. The antifungal activity test used a disc diffusion method with the extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%. Kesum leaves macerated using ethanol 96% solvent. Itraconazole 8Âµl/disk and DMSO4 were respectively used as positive and negative control. Results: Phytochemical analysis on the ethanol extract of kesum leaves showed the secondary metabolite groups of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. Ethanol extract of kesum leaves did not form an inhibitory zone on the growth of Microsporum gypseum. Meanwhile in the positive control, in the form of itraconazole 8 Âµl/disk, the inhibition zone was formed around the disc with a mean value of 37.5 mm.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of kesum leaves (Polygonum minus Huds) has no antifungal activity against the growth of Microsporum gypseum.

Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Endofit Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Riki Vernando; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Ambar Rialita
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20276

AbstrakTingginya angka kejadian jerawat dan meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antimikroba memerlukan alternatif pengobatan yang berasal dari bahan alam. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit tertentu memproduksi senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki efek bagi kesehatan, terutama bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan obat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti untuk mengobati masalah kulit, menyembuhkan luka, serta menjadi agen antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Bakteri endofit yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri dari morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan aktivitas biokimia. Sembilan belas isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Propionibacterium acnes, ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat berdiameter antara 11,46–25,34 mm. Dua isolat yang memiliki kemampuan aktivitas antimikroba yang paling besar, yaitu isolat nomor 3 dan 17 dengan hasil identifikasi termasuk ke dalam genus Aeromicrobium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri endofit dari daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) berpotensi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri P. acnes.AbstractThe high prevalence of acne cases and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials requires alternative treatments that originate from natural ingredients. Several studies have shown that certain endophytic bacteria produce bioactive compounds that benefits human health, especially those whom isolated from medicinal plants. Gotu kola or pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is one of medicinal plant that has many benefits such as treating skin problems, healing wounds, and also known for an antibacterial agent. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic bacterial isolates of pegagan against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial activity test were carried out using the disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone within isolate. Endophytic bacteria obtained from previous studies were characterized based on the characteristics of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical activity. 19 isolates of endophytic bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, indicated by the formation of inhibition zones ranging from 11.46 to 25.34 mm. Two isolates that had the greatest antibacterial activity, namely isolates number 3 and 17 were identified and belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that endophytic bacteria from pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) leaves has potential as an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.

Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Kejadian Jerawat pada Siswa-Siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Safira Sukma Dewinda; Ambar Rialita; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang Vol 6 No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Mamuju

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33490/jkm.v6i2.227

Acne vulgaris affects about 85% of adolescents and can last into adulthood. One of the factors that influence the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is androgens. Androgens have an essential role in stimulating sebum production, which has a significant role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Obesity is often accompanied by peripheral hyperandrogenism. Obesity can affect the sebaceous glands and sebum production, which is the major factor in the relationship between acne vulgaris and obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index and the incidence of acne vulgaris. This study used an observational analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Senior High School. Samples were taken using simple random sampling. The independent variable in this study was the body mass index while the dependent variable in this study was acne vulgaris. Sampling was conducted by simple random sampling. We used a logistic regression test for data analysis. The results showed that 61% of students experienced acne vulgaris, and 20.7% of students were obese. The statistical test result showed there was a significant positive correlation relationship between BMI and the incidence of acne vulgaris with a value of p <0.05 and OR 2.807. This study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and the incidence of acne vulgaris. The incidence of acne vulgaris increased by 2,807 times as the increase of BMI among students in Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak Senior High School.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Among Diabetic Outpatients with Urinary Tract infection in Pontianak Mardhia Mardhia; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Abror Irsan
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Diabetic patients are associated with a higher risk of infection. The research purposed to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns among diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in Pontianak. An experimental study was performed for 13 bacterial isolates of diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in the Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. The disc diffusion method was used to perform the susceptibility of antibiotics to the bacterial isolates. Among 13 isolates, the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (53.85%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.77%). Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes were 7.69%. Most isolates of bacteria of the study had a high sensitivity to Cefepime (92.31%), then followed by Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Meropenem for 84.62%. The study revealed low sensitivity of bacteria to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (30.77%, 23.08 %, 23.08%, 23.08%, respectively). All bacterial isolates had high resistance to Ampicillin. Moreover, multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, diabetes, urinary tract infections

Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Endofit Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Riki Vernando; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Ambar Rialita
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20276

AbstrakTingginya angka kejadian jerawat dan meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antimikroba memerlukan alternatif pengobatan yang berasal dari bahan alam. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit tertentu memproduksi senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki efek bagi kesehatan, terutama bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan obat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti untuk mengobati masalah kulit, menyembuhkan luka, serta menjadi agen antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Bakteri endofit yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri dari morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan aktivitas biokimia. Sembilan belas isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Propionibacterium acnes, ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat berdiameter antara 11,46–25,34 mm. Dua isolat yang memiliki kemampuan aktivitas antimikroba yang paling besar, yaitu isolat nomor 3 dan 17 dengan hasil identifikasi termasuk ke dalam genus Aeromicrobium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri endofit dari daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) berpotensi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri P. acnes.AbstractThe high prevalence of acne cases and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials requires alternative treatments that originate from natural ingredients. Several studies have shown that certain endophytic bacteria produce bioactive compounds that benefits human health, especially those whom isolated from medicinal plants. Gotu kola or pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is one of medicinal plant that has many benefits such as treating skin problems, healing wounds, and also known for an antibacterial agent. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic bacterial isolates of pegagan against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial activity test were carried out using the disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone within isolate. Endophytic bacteria obtained from previous studies were characterized based on the characteristics of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical activity. 19 isolates of endophytic bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, indicated by the formation of inhibition zones ranging from 11.46 to 25.34 mm. Two isolates that had the greatest antibacterial activity, namely isolates number 3 and 17 were identified and belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that endophytic bacteria from pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) leaves has potential as an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.

Edukasi Keamanan Vaksinasi Sebagai Bentuk Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Andriani Andriani; Virhan Novianry; Helmi Sastriawan
GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : LPPM IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/gervasi.v7i2.3367

Strategi pencegahan penularan Covid-19 dapat dilakukan dengan menjaga protokol kesehatan dan didukung dengan vaksinasi secara massal agar terbentuk kekebalan komunitas. Saat ini jumlah masyarakat yang sudah vaksin belum mencapai target agar terbentuknya kekebalan komunitas. Edukasi mengenai pentingnya dan keamanan vaksin sangat dibutuhkan agar angka partisipasi masyarakat meningkat untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat pentingnya vaksinasi untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19 di wilayah mitra kegiatan yaitu Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Metode kegiatan dengan berbagi pengalaman mengenai pengendalian dan pencegahan infeksi di masa pandemi Covid-19 dan edukasi mengenai pentingnya vaksinasi, keamanan vaksinasi dan masyarakat yang berhak mendapatkan vaksin yang bekerja sama dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat berkisar 26.23%-54.1%. Edukasi berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan untuk masyarakat agar menambah pengetahuan terkait vaksinasi Covid-19.

Edukasi Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Infeksi COVID-19 dan Pembagian Masker Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Arif Wicaksono; Virhan Novianry
Kapuas Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Kapuas : Jurnal Publikasi Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31573/jk.v1i1.216

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of virus from the coronavirus that can cause mild disorders of the respiratory system, severe lung infections and death. This virus can attack all ages. The disease is called Coronavirus Disease (20) 19 or COVID-19. The transmission of this virus is via droplets spread by coughing or sneezing on an infected person. We cannot know someone has COVID-19 or not, so we have to adopt a clean and healthy lifestyle, and try to protect ourselves using personal protective equipment, one of which is the use of masks. The use of masks can prevent transmission of COVID-19. The purpose of this activity is to educate the public on the importance of using masks. The target of this activity is the people in Pontianak City. The expected output is that the community understands more about the disease and how it is transmitted, so that they will be more disciplined in using masks. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Infection Disease Prevention, Mask

Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bawang putih dan bawang hitam siung tunggal (Allium sativum) terhadap Acinetobacter baumannii Anzas Niam Saputra; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Asseggaf
Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/saintek.v12i1.5989

Latar Belakang: Kasus resistensi obat telah ditemukan dalam pengobatan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii. Bawang putih dan bawang hitam siung tunggal diduga dapat menjadi obat antibakteri karena mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tanin, dan senyawa organosulfur yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan: Mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bawang putih siung tunggal dan bawang hitam siung tunggal terhadap Acinetobacter baumannii. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian experiment dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group design. Metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer digunakan untuk uji antibakteri dan metode kualitatif dengan reaksi reagen spesifik digunakan untuk analisis fitokimia. Hasil: Zona hambat yang terbentuk oleh kedua ekstrak didapatkan mulai dari konsentrasi 50%. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk oleh ekstrak etanol bawang putih siung tunggal konsentrasi 50%, 75%, dan 100% adalah 7,5 mm (sedang), 7,87 mm (sedang), dan 9,8 mm (sedang). Sedangkan rata-rata diameter ekstrak etanol bawang hitam siung tunggal konsentrasi 50%, 75%, dan 100% adalah 8,77 mm (sedang), 12,03 mm (kuat), dan 12,5 mm (kuat). Analisis fitokimia menunujukkan ekstrak etanol bawang putih siung tunggal mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan sulfur. Sedangkan ekstrak etanol bawang hitam siung tunggal mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tanin, dan sulfur. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bawang hitam siung tunggal lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak bawang putih siung tunggal.

Pola sensitivitas kotrimoksazol terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Shafira Kurnia Warianti; Mardhia Mardhia; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 46, No 7 (2023): Supplementary December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/mka.v46.i7.p1144-1151.2023

Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sensitifitas kotrimoksazol terhadap bakteri penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada isolat bakteri penyebab ISK tersimpan dengan total 22 isolat bakteri. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan panduan dari Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hasil uji sensitivitas dikategorikan sebagai sensitif (diameter ≥16 mm), intermediet (diameter 11-15 mm), dan resisten (diameter ≤10 mm). Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan data bahwa bakteri penyebab ISK mengalami resistensi terhadap kotrimoksazol sebesar 59,09% dengan jumlah isolat sebanyak 15 dari 22 isolat uji. Resistensi kotrimoksazol ditemukan pada bakteri Escherichia coli (46,15%;6/13), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (80%;4/5), Enterobacter aerogenes (100%;2/2), Klebsiella (100%;1/1), dan sensitif terhadap Shigella (100%;1/1). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bakteri penyebab ISK pada pasien DM tipe 2 mengalami resistensi terhadap kotrimoksazol dengan persentase sebesar 46,15%-100%.

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