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Effect of Firing Holding Time on Density, Porosity, and Hardness, Crucible Materials Based on Evaporation Boats Hidayat, Wakhid Muhlisin; Rusiyanto, Rusiyanto; Widodo, Rahmat Doni; Sumbodo, Wirawan; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/MECHTA.2022.003.02.1

Abstract

Evaporation boats are conductive advanced ceramic composites with the best thermal evaporation source for metalizing applications. The short life time of the evaporation boats causes the metalizing industry to produce large amounts of evaporation boats waste. However, studies on the utilization of evaporation boat waste are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of firing holding time on the density, porosity, and hardness of crucible materials made from evaporation boats waste. The material used in this research is a mixture of evaporation boats waste powder, kaolin, and graphite, with a composition of 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively. During the mixing process, 15% of the water is added. The compacting process carried out with a compaction pressure of 25 MPa. The firing process is carried out at a temperature of 1000oC with holding times of 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The test results show that the holding time of firing has an effect on density, porosity, and hardness. The highest density value was 1,91 g/cm3 at a holding time of 180 minutes, and the lowest was 1,77 g/cm3 at a holding time of 60 minutes. The highest porosity value is 4,10% at a holding time of 60 minutes, and the lowest is 2,16% at a holding time of 180 minutes. The highest hardness value was 12,84 HV at a holding time of 180 minutes, and the lowest was 8,3 HV at a holding time of 60 minutes. The longer holding time in the firing process results in a decrease in the porosity content. The decrease in the porosity content results in an increase in density and hardness of the cruicible specimens.
Effect of Firing Temperature on Density, Porosity, Impact Strength, and Macro Structure of Crucible Materials Made from Graphite, Kaolin, and Castable Cement Latif, Abdul; Rusiyanto, Rusiyanto; Sunyoto, Sunyoto; Kriswanto, Kriswanto; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/MECHTA.2022.003.02.3

Abstract

Along with the advancement of modern times and technology, the metal sector plays a critical role in sustaining present growth. The industry's increased competitiveness has hampered the development of numerous small-scale metal casting industries. A crucible made of local graphite can only be used not more than ten melting cycles. This research aims to examine the influence of firing temperature on the density, porosity, impact strength, and macrostructure of graphite, kaolin and castable cement crucible materials. This research applies experiment method at various firing temperature, i.e. 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. The crucible materials are made of graphite, kaolin, and castable cement. The firing process employs a heating rate of 5 °C/min and a holding time 2 hours. The results show that firing temperature influences the density, porosity, impact strength and macrostructure of crucible. The highest density at 1.86 grams/cm3 was obtained at the firing temperature of 1050 °C. The lowest porosity value of 41% was attained at firing temperature of 1050 °C. However, this value was still below the crucible index criterion. The highest impact strength of 0.003249 Joule/mm2 occurred for firing temperature of 1050 °C.
Comparative Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Coco Peat and Coconut Shell Charcoal Fillers for Automotive Brake Friction Applications Imran, Al Ichlas; Endriatno, Nanang; Siregar, Januar Parlaungan; Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi Mat; Wibowo, Sambodo Arif; Cionita, Tezara; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14131

Abstract

Developing epoxy-based composites reinforced with natural materials has become a significant concern in supporting friction materials and sustainable automotive industries. Coco peat and coco shell charcoal are coconut wastes that have the potential as natural fillers to support the mechanical properties of friction material composites while supporting the reduction of biomass waste. This study aims to evaluate the effect of weight fraction variation of coco peat and coco shell charcoal on composite mechanical and thermal properties. Specimens were prepared using the hand lay-up method with 5%, 10%, and 15% filler weight fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted, including tensile test, bending test, Rockwell hardness, and Charpy impact. Results show that the addition of 5% coco peat increased the tensile strength to 28.36 MPa and impact strength to 123.33 J/m², while coco shell charcoal at 10% recorded the highest flexural strength of 36.10 MPa and hardness of 93.66 HRB. However, increasing the filler concentration caused a decrease in tensile and impact strength due to the formation of voids, agglomeration, and micro-cracks. These findings confirm that coco peat is effective for tensile and impact strengthening at low fractions. In contrast, coco shell charcoal improves flexural strength and produces higher hardness values than the commercial brake pad product (59.59-66.90 HRB). Furthermore, the composite with 5% coco shell charcoal showed good thermal stability with a final residue value of 3.83%. Further studies can focus on surface modification of fillers, hybrid composites, and evaluation of tribological properties and the environment to promote applications in the automotive industry sector.
Influence of Mixing Time on the Hardness and Structure of Local Clay-Based Crucibles Rusiyanto; Rifky Ismail; Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno; Daffa Agya Mahardika; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Wirawan Sumbodo; Aldias Bahatmaka
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i1.2314

Abstract

Although clay crucibles are frequently utilized in regional industries, their inadequate mechanical strength often causes durability issues. This study investigates the influence of mixing duration on the Vickers hardness and macrostructure of crucibles composed of local clay, kaolin, and molasses. The composition was made up of 47.5% clay, 47.5% kaolin, and 5% molasses as a binder, with 15% water added relative to the total weight. Durations of 15, 30, and 45 minutes were evaluated to determine their impact on material qualities. The findings indicated a positive relationship between mixing duration and hardness. At 15 minutes, the mean hardness was 4.1 HV, which escalated to 8.5 HV at 30 minutes and 12.4 HV at 45 minutes. The increased hardness with extended mixing durations indicates a more homogeneous particle dispersion and enhanced bonding among the raw ingredients. The findings suggest that increasing the mixing time can elevate the quality and longevity of locally manufactured crucibles, rendering them more appropriate for small-scale metallurgical applications.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Bio-Oil From Pyrolysis of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Using Microwave Technology Abram Puspa Pramudita; samsudin anis; Wahyudi; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Halim, Sonika Maulana; Sukarni
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.29284

Abstract

This research aims to assess the potential of bio-oil from Moringa oleifera seeds through the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics resulting from the pyrolysis process. Raw materials in the form of Moringa oleifera seed powder were pyrolyzed at 400°C using a microwave reactor. To create oxygen free pyrolysis conditions, nitrogen gas was constantly flowed into the system at a rate of 0.15 NL/min. The process temperature was monitored using a K-type thermocouple, and the reaction was stopped when condensed vapor output was no longer observed. The pyrolysis products in the form of bio-oil and bio-char were then collected and weighed to determine the product fraction. Furthermore, the bio-oil was analyzed to determine its physical and chemical properties, including density, pH, and an indication of its constituent compound components. The results showed that pyrolysis under these conditions produced a dominant amount of bio-char (54.3%) and bio-oil of 24.7% of the total weight. The bio-oil obtained had a high density, in the range of 0.97-1.00 g/cm³, with a relatively acidic pH of 4.5-5.5. Although the bio-oil yield is not high, its complex chemical properties, particularly the content of phenolic compounds, nitriles, and amides, show great potential to be developed as a valuable bio-chemical base material such as antioxidants, biophenols, resins, and bioplastic raw materials. These findings strengthen the prospect of Moringa oleifera seeds as a strategic local biomass for sustainable bioindustry.
EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO-CHAR DERIVED FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS Muhammad Ziddun Ni’am; Wahyudi; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Sonika Maulana; Sukarni; Samsudin Anis
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.29285

Abstract

This study aims to assess the potential of bio-char derived from Moringa oleifera seeds through an evaluation of its physical and chemical properties. Moringa oleifera seeds were processed into fine powder, dried, and then subjected to pyrolysis at 400°C using a microwave reactor. Nitrogen gas was introduced before and during the pyrolysis process to create a low-oxygen environment. The pyrolysis continued until no more condensable vapors were detected, indicating that the thermal decomposition process had reached completion. The resulting bio-char was collected and analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics, including proximate analysis (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, and density. The results showed that the bio-char from Moringa oleifera seed powder had a very high fixed carbon content of 79.13% and low volatile matter. The calorific value reached 25.04 MJ/kg, which is comparable to that of low-rank coal. Additionally, the bio-char had a density of 0.905 g/cm³, which is relatively high compared to most biomass-derived bio-chars. These characteristics indicate that bio-char from Moringa oleifera seeds holds significant potential for use as a solid fuel in the form of briquettes or pellets, as a biomass energy source, and as a long-term carbon storage medium for climate change mitigation.
Analysis on The Effect of Bio-addictive Mixtures Eugenol in Pertamax Green 95 Fuel on Engine Performance Nursiam, Kuat; Sonika Maulana; Sumbodo, Wirawan; Naryanto, Rizqi Fitri; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.40034

Abstract

Improving energy efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions from motor vehicles have become a primary focus in the transition towards green energy in the transportation sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding eugenol, the main compound in clove oil, to Pertamax Green fuel on engine performance, fuel consumption efficiency, and exhaust emissions in a 2018 Honda Vario 125 motorcycle. The research method is an experimental approach with variations in the fuel mixture of pure Pertamax Green (P0), Pertamax Green + 0.2% eugenol (P1), 0.5% eugenol (P2), and 1% eugenol (P3). Testing was conducted using a dynamometer to measure torque and power, a static method for fuel consumption, and a gas analyzer to analyze CO and HC emission levels. The results showed that adding eugenol generally improved engine torque and power. The P2 mixture (0.5% eugenol) produced the highest torque of 8.48 N.m at 5000 rpm and maximum power of 7.2 HP at 8000 rpm, an increase of 38% and 18%, respectively, compared to pure Pertamax Green. Fuel consumption efficiency also increased by 4.1% with the P2 mixture, while excessive eugenol (1%) decreased efficiency due to slower combustion. In terms of emissions, CO levels decreased by up to 16.7%, and HC levels reduced by up to 22.54% as the concentration of eugenol increased.
Pengaruh Variasi Tekanan pada Produksi Komposit Friction Materials Kampas Rem terhadap Sifat Mekanik, Fisik dan Tribologi: indonesia Fauzi, Akhmad; Wibowo, Muhammad Errizky; Admoko, Mohammad Rizky Djati; Khafidh, Muhammad; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Siregar, Januar Parlaungan
Asian Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2026
Publisher : UII

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ajie.vol10.iss1.art7

Abstract

This study develops environmentally friendly brake pads from rice husk with phenolic resin as a binder material. This study aims to analyze the influence of compression pressure on the properties of mechanical, physical and tribological performance. In this study, brake friction material was made using the compression molding method with a composition of 40% phenolic resin, 20% rice husk, 15% , 15%  dan 10% hexamine. The compression pressures are varied, i.e. 5 MPa, 10 MPa and 15 MPa. Testing includes density, impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, wear and friction. The results showed that increasing the material compaction compression pressure from 5 MPa to 10 MPa can reduce the density, impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and specific wear rate. Meanwhile, increasing the compaction compression pressure from 10 MPa to 15 MPa can improve properties of mechanical, physical and wear resistance. The final material result due to increased compaction compression pressure is influenced by particle size, matrix and filler distribution, porosity along resin cross-linking.
Design, fabrication, and performance testing of an energy storage and return (ESAR) foot prosthesis made of prepreg carbon composite Rifky Ismail; Murti Ayu Nursafitri; Akmal Putra Fardinansyah; Deni Fajar Fitriyana; Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno; Januar Parlaungan Siregar; Muji Setiyo; Alfiana Fitri Istiqomah; Sulistyo Sulistyo
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.12652

Abstract

The high demand for prosthetics in Indonesia is not followed by the ability and quality of local production to fulfill the community's needs. There is a lack of comprehensive data regarding the specific challenges encountered by local prosthetic manufacturers in Indonesia, particularly in terms of technological limitations. This study aims to understand the effect of design parameters on the performance of the energy storage and return (ESAR) foot prosthesis prototype in normal walking activities for amputees. Three different designs were created according to commercial products, and a convergence test was conducted to ensure accurate results. Finite element method (FEM) analysis was used to determine the amount of deformation that occurred in each design made when applied with 824 N axial force. The ESAR foot prosthesis prototype made from carbon prepreg was fabricated using an out-of-autoclave method, and the mechanical testing was performed with a compressive test. The results indicated that the optimal design for the ESAR foot prosthesis determined by the decision matrix scoring criteria was Design 3. The final scores for Designs 1, 2, and 3 were 54, 53, and 77, respectively. Design 3 is the easiest to manufacture, has the slightest complexity, and the lightest mass, and undergoes the least deformation during simulation, although it is the least attractive. The study found a significant difference in displacement between the deflections obtained from simulation and experiment. This occurred because the prototype was found to have delamination, which decreased the load-bearing ability of the prototype during compressive testing. Compressive testing on the prototype yielded a deflection of 22.695 mm in heel strike and 18.065 mm in toe-off positions, while FEM analysis showed 16.377 mm and 3.912 mm. Therefore, strict quality control is essential, especially when using materials such as carbon prepreg, which are prone to delamination if not properly processed.
Analisis Kinerja Alat Pemotong Briket Otomatis Berbasis Sistem Pneumatika Dwijanarko, Fariz; Anis, Samsudin; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Fahrezi, Irgi
J-Proteksion: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah dan Teknologi Teknik Mesin Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): J-Proteksion
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32528/jp.v10i2.3953

Abstract

Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia yang terus meningkat berdampak pada semakin menipisnya ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil. Seiring dengan kondisi tersebut, pengembangan sumber energi alternatif pun semakin berkembang, salah satunya adalah briket biomassa. Briket biomassa merupakan salah satu bentuk energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar minyak. Namun demikian, proses produksi briket biomassa umumnya masih dilakukan secara manual karena penelitian dan pengembangan terhadap alat pemotong briket otomatis masih terbatas. Beberapa studi sebelumnya telah merancang alat pemotong briket otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino  dengan tingkat konsistensi sebesar 77,5% hingga 90,7%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja serta mengembangkan alat pemotong briket otomatis berbasis sistem pneumatika dengan variasi kadar air pada adonan briket sebagai variabel. Parameter yang dikaji meliputi tingkat konsistensi dan produktivitas alat pemotong briket otomatis tersebut. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa konsistensi tertinggi sebesar 91,6% dan produktivitas sebesar 68,1% diperoleh pada pengujian ketiga dengan kadar air adonan sebesar 46,9%. Kinerja alat ini masih dapat ditingkatkan melalui penyesuaian kecepatan pada mesin screw extruder, modifikasi pada bidang miring tempat jatuhnya briket, serta optimalisasi bahan campuran adonan briket.
Co-Authors A. P. Bayuseno Abdul Haris Abdul Latif Abdurrahman Abdurrahman Abram Puspa Pramudita Achmad Erlangga Bintang Samodra Adhi Kusumastuti Admoko, Mohammad Rizky Djati Agus Prasetyo Agustinus Purna Irawan Ahmad Athoillah Akhmad Fauzi Akmal Putra Fardinansyah Akmal Putra Fardinansyah Al Ichlas Imran Aldias Bahatmaka Aldias Bahatmaka Alfiana Fitri Istiqomah Alfiana Fitri Istiqomah Alrasyid, Mochamad Dzaki Amrizal, Abdi Gilang Andi Abdullah Ghyferi Andri Setiyawan Ardhianto, Mochamad Marte Aripin, Muhammad Bustanul Atanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Atika Atika Ayub Budhi Anggoro, Ayub Budhi Baharudin Priwintoko Bawono, Ayus Dios Buana, Lanang Puspa Chusni Ansori Cionita, Tezara Daffa Agya Mahardika Darsono, Febri Budi Dimyati, Saeful Dwijanarko, Fariz Elisya Rohana Etanto Heiliano Wijayanto Fahmi, Fiqri Fadillah Fahrezi, Irgi Fajri, Novila Rojabni Fiqri Fadillah Fahmi Frans Augusthinus Asmuruf Fuad Arief Raharjo Galih Taqwatomo Ghyferi, Andi Abdullah Gunawan Dwi Haryadi Guteres, Natalino Fonseca Da Silva Guterres, Natalino Fonseca Da Silva Hadi, Agung Efriyo Halim, Sonika Maulana Hanif Hidayat Hidayat, Indra Nurul Hidayat, Wakhid Muhlisin Hyung, Cho Joung I Nyoman Jujur Imanu Danar Herunandi Imran, Al Ichlas Iskandar Norman Iskandar, Ranu Ismail, Nur Hidayah Iwan Setyadi Jamiluddin, Jamiluddin Janiviter Manalu Januar Parlaungan Siregar Januar Parlaungan Siregar Januar Parlaungan Siregar Januar Parlaungan Siregar Jefri Bale JOHNSON SIALLAGAN Junaedi, Thomas Jurdan Fulandy Siswoyo Kalatharan, Sujentheran Nair Kamis, Arasinah Kano, Christina Paulina Karomi, Dimas Adib Kharisma Rizki Septareza Khristhoper Aris Arianto Manalu Kriswanto Kriswanto, Kriswanto Laksono, Aryo Eko Laksono, Galih Tri M. Dzulfikar M. Dzulfikar M. Thooriq Anwar Manalu, Janviter Marlangen, Retno Mat Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab, Mohd. Ruzaimi Meiartha, REGA Mochamad Marte Ardhianto Mochammad Marte Ardianto Moh. Jufriyanto Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab Mubarok, D.I. Muhamadin, Rilo Chandra Muhammad Afrizal Muhammad Dzulfikar Muhammad Fahrizal Almeir Muhammad Habibullah Muhammad Khafidh Muhammad Rezha Assalam Muhammad Yusuf Wibowo Muhammad Ziddun Ni’am Muhammad Zulfikar Muhammad, Katon Muji Setiyo Murti Ayu Nur Safitri Murti Ayu Nursafitri Nanang Endriatno Natalino Fonseca Da Silva Guterres Ninda Kurniadi Nizar Alamsyah Norman Iskandar Norman Iskandar Norman Iskandar Nubli, Haris Nugroho, Rizky Fajar Nursiam, Kuat Pahlawan, Ilham Arifin Permata Ningtyas, Alviani Hesthi Pramesti, Santinia Andiva Prasetyo, Ares Yudi Pratama Eka P. S Prawibowo, Hartanto Prayogo, Wisnu Puspitasari, Windy Desti Putera, Finny Pratama Putra, Naufal Bahy Putri Agustin Priyani Rafif Dimas Pratama Rahmat Doni Widodo Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rifky Ismail Rifky Ismail Risky Ismail Rizal Maulana Rizki Setiadi Rizqi Fitri Naryanto Romualdus Satrio Senoaji Rozanna Dewi Rusiyanto Rusiyanto Rusiyanto, Rusiyanto Rusiyanto, R. Sambodo Arif Wibowo Samsudin Anis Septian Eko Cahyanto Setiadi, Rizki Setiawan, Nur Ervil Silva, Mateus De Sousa Da Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Sonika Maulana Sonika Maulana sri Nugroho Sri Nugroho Sudiyono, S. Sukarni Sulardjaka Sulardjaka Sulardjaka Sulardjaka Sulistyo Sulistyo Sulistyo Sulistyo Sunyoto Sunyoto Suwahyo - Tezara Cionita Tezara Cionita Thesar Aditya Nurcholis Triyanto, Sandy Wahyu Hidayat WAHYUDI Wibowo, Muhammad Errizky Wibowo, Muhammad Yusuf Wicaksana, Yazid Surya Wijayanto, Etanto Heiliano Wirawan Sumbodo Wisnu Prayogo Yabansabra, Yuliana Ruth Yotenka, Rahmadi Yuris Setyoadi Yusuf Subagyo Zaenal Abidin