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All Journal Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, dan Sains Pembaharuan Hukum Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Unes Law Review JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Transparansi Hukum KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Jurnal Hukum Sasana RIO LAW JURNAL International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies IBLAM Law Review International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Jurnal Hukum Sehasen Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) JURNAL MITRA MANAJEMEN LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan LEX OMNIBUS : JURNAL HUKUM TATA NEGARA DAN ADMINISTRASI NEGARA MALA IN SE : JURNAL HUKUM PIDANA, KRIMINOLOGI DAN VIKTIMOLOGI Jurnal Bakti Dirgantara IPSSJ Indonesian Journal of Research in Islamic Studies Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora
Gaol, Selamat Lumban
Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma (Unsurya)
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TINJAUAN YURIDIS SENGKETA WARISAN DALAM PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN ANTARA WARGA NEGARA INDONESIA DAN WARGA NEGARA ASING Airin Titus; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan (Agustus)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RAHMAT HUSADA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexlaguens.v3i2.246

Abstract

Mixed marriages between Indonesian citizens (WNI) and foreign citizens (WNA) are a growing phenomenon in line with the development of globalization and mobility between countries. This condition not only creates social dynamics but also presents various legal issues, particularly in the field of inheritance. This study aims to analyze the inheritance law regulations in mixed marriages and examine the legal issues that arise in inheritance disputes involving Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals. The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal materials were obtained through literature studies covering relevant laws and regulations, doctrines, and court decisions, then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the inheritance law system in Indonesia is pluralistic, consisting of Islamic inheritance law, customary inheritance law, and Western civil inheritance law, the application of which depends on the religion, citizenship status, and legal system applicable to the parties. In the context of mixed marriages, inheritance disputes often arise due to differences in citizenship, religious differences, the citizenship status of children, and restrictions on land ownership rights by foreign nationals based on the Basic Agrarian Law. Furthermore, the lack of specific regulations regarding inheritance in mixed marriages creates legal uncertainty and the potential for cross-border legal conflicts. Therefore, a more comprehensive legal regulation regarding inheritance in mixed marriages is needed to provide legal certainty and protection for all parties, particularly for children born of mixed marriages.
PERLINDUNGAN MEREK DAGANG DALAM PERDAGANGAN ELEKTRONIK DALAM STUDI KASUS PELANGGARAN MEREK DI INDONESIA Andi; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): LEX LAGUENS: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan (Agustus)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RAHMAT HUSADA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexlaguens.v3i2.252

Abstract

The development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia has increased the dynamics of digital business, but also posed new challenges in the legal protection of trademarks. Trademark infringement in online transactions is increasingly prevalent, whether in the form of unauthorised use of trademarks, product counterfeiting, or consumer misleading practices. This study aims to analys the effectiveness of trademark protection in electronic commerce in Indonesia, identify the factors causing infringement, and evaluate the applicable law enforcement mechanism. This research uses a juridical-normative method with a study case approach to several cases of trademark infringement that occurred in Indonesia. Data is obtained from the study of legal documents, study case of trademark infringement, as well as analysis of trademark protection policies applied by e-commerce platforms. The results show that although there are regulations governing trademark protection, such as Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation. Law No. 6 of 2023 on Determination of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation become Law, and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Trading Through Electronic Systems. Law No. 19 of 2016 on First Amendment to the Law No. 11 of 2018. Law No. 1 of 2024 on Second Amendment to the Law No. 11 of 2018, and also Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems, there are still loopholes in the implementation of the law that allow violations to continue to occur. As a solution, this study recommends strengthening coordination and synergy between the government, businesses, and e-commerce platform providers in creating a more effective monitoring system. In addition, some strategic steps that can be taken include increasing supervision by relevant authorities, optimising the role of e-commerce platforms in filtering and taking action against infringing accounts, and legal education for businesses and consumers. With a more proactive approach, it is expected that trademark protection in electronic commerce in Indonesia can be more effective and provide legal certainty for all parties as well as increasing legal awareness for businesses and consumers is also an important factor in trademark protection efforts in the digital era. With improvements in the trademark protection system, it is expected that e-commerce in Indonesia can develop more fairly and sustainably.
Reformulating the Concept of Breach of Contract in Electronic Agreements: Perspectives on Legal Certainty and Justice Markus Suryoutomo; Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Ramziati Ramziati; Ghina Marta Salmaa Salsabila; Selamat Lumban Gaol
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i3.3147

Abstract

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has significantly transformed contractual practices, shifting from conventional agreements to digitally based electronic contracts. This transformation not only alters the mechanisms of contract formation but also affects the traditional concept of breach of contract, which has long been rooted in classical civil law paradigms. In practice, the distinctive features of electronic transactions such as their cross-border nature, the absence of direct interaction between parties, and the involvement of electronic systems and third parties like digital platforms create particular complexities in determining the forms of breach and identifying the responsible parties. This ambiguity may lead to legal uncertainty and an imbalance in legal protection, especially for consumers. This study aims to reformulate the concept of breach of contract in electronic agreements by emphasizing the principles of legal certainty and justice. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis focuses on existing legal norms as well as the evolving practices of electronic transactions within society. The findings indicate that the concept of breach of contract in electronic agreements can no longer be narrowly interpreted as merely the non-performance of obligations. Instead, it should be broadened to include failures of electronic systems, algorithmic errors, network disruptions, and the negligence or liability of digital platform providers. Such a reformulation is essential to establish a legal framework that is responsive to technological developments while ensuring fair and proportional legal protection for all parties involved in electronic transactions.
Dissemination of the Urgency of Inheritance Law in Determining Inheritance Rights for Heirs in RW 08, Halim Perdanakusuma Subdistrict, Makassar District, East Jakarta City Aria Caesar Kusuma Atmaja; Indah Sari; Ardison Asri; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Subhan Zein
Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Penerbit Jurnal Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53697/iso.v6i1.3123

Abstract

This study aims to enhance community understanding of inheritance law—covering civil, Islamic, and customary aspects—among residents of RW 08, Halim Perdanakusuma Subdistrict, Makassar District, East Jakarta. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observation, interviews, and documentation involving community members, local leaders, and legal practitioners. The program focused on structured and sustainable legal socialization to increase awareness of lawful inheritance distribution. The findings show that prior to the program, most residents relied on verbal agreements and family customs, leading to disputes and inequitable asset division. After the socialization activities, participants demonstrated improved comprehension of inheritance principles, recognized the importance of legal documentation, and showed greater willingness to consult legal experts. The study concludes that systematic legal education significantly enhances community literacy on inheritance law, promotes fairness in asset distribution, and helps prevent potential family conflicts. This initiative is recommended as a model for broader community-based legal empowerment programs in urban areas.
Import Regulations and the Protection of Domestic Products: An Indonesian Economic Law Perspective Selamat Lumban Gaol; Zulfikri; Johannes Triestanto; Annisa Aminda; Raudhotul Jannah
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 2: April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.9999

Abstract

Import regulation is a crucial instrument within national economic policy, playing a significant role in controlling the inflow of foreign goods while safeguarding the sustainability of domestic industries. From the perspective of Indonesian economic law, import policies are not solely aimed at fulfilling domestic market demands but are also designed to maintain a balance between trade liberalization and national interests. This study seeks to examine the legal framework governing import activities as well as the various forms of protection provided to domestic products. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by a comprehensive review of legal literature and secondary data sources. The findings indicate that the Indonesian government has implemented a range of protective measures, including tariff-based instruments such as import duties, as well as non-tariff measures like quotas, technical standards, and the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) policy. These mechanisms are intended to strengthen the competitiveness of local industries and reduce dependency on imported goods. However, in practice, several challenges persist, including regulatory inconsistencies across sectors, weak enforcement mechanisms, and external pressures from global trade regimes that emphasize market openness. These issues highlight the need for more adaptive, integrated, and sustainable policies to ensure a proper balance between protecting domestic industries and fulfilling international trade commitments.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN YANG DIRUGIKAN ATAS SITUS BELANJA ATAS TRANSKSI JUAL BELI SECARA BELANJA ONLINE Meliyani Turnip; Selamat Lumban Gaol
LEX OMNIBUS : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Administrasi Negara Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Lex Omnibus : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Administrasi Negara (Desember)
Publisher : YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.08221/lexomnibus.v2i2.301

Abstract

The main problems of this research are how the buying and selling process occurs on online shopping sites and how business actors are held accountable for losses suffered by consumers in online transactions. This study uses a quantitative method with a normative juridical approach. The data sources include laws and regulations, books, journals, encyclopedias, and other relevant written works. Data processing and analysis were conducted by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing literature and related documents, followed by editing, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the buying and selling process consists of four stages: offer, acceptance, payment, and delivery. If a consumer suffers a loss, the business actor is required to fully compensate the expenses incurred by the consumer, including both the shipping cost and the price of the purchased item. The implications of this research highlight the need for clear regulations in implementing online transactions, especially in cases of fraud or negligence by business actors who fail to deliver goods to consumers. If a seller is proven negligent three times and refuses to provide compensation or take responsibility, the government should take action by blocking the online store from conducting further internet-based transactions.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PERJANJIAN BAKU PROVIDER DIGITAL BY.U DARI PT TELEKOMUNIKASI SELULAR Ilham Maulana; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Lasmauli Noverita
Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 04 April (2026): Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal
Publisher : PT Wahana Global Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mendorong perubahan dalam hubungan hukum antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen, terutama pada layanan telekomunikasi berbasis digital. Salah satu inovasi tersebut adalah layanan provider digital by.U yang diselenggarakan oleh PT Telekomunikasi Selular. Seluruh proses layanan, mulai dari pendaftaran, penggunaan layanan, hingga pengakhiran hubungan hukum dilakukan secara elektronik melalui sistem online. Hubungan hukum antara perusahaan dan konsumen diatur dalam bentuk perjanjian baku yang dibuat sepihak oleh perusahaan dan berlaku bagi seluruh pengguna. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan posisi para pihak karena konsumen tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk menegosiasikan isi perjanjian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan perjanjian baku yang digunakan oleh provider digital by.U serta meninjau bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian baku by.U pada dasarnya memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata melalui persetujuan elektronik (click-wrap agreement). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dilakukan melalui upaya preventif dengan pembatasan klausula baku yang merugikan konsumen serta kewajiban penyampaian informasi yang jelas, dan melalui upaya represif melalui penyelesaian sengketa baik di Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen maupun melalui pengadilan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN PRODUK PANGAN DALUWARSA YANG MERUPAKAN HASIL PENGEMASAN ULANG (REPACKAGING) DAN PELABELAN ULANG (RELABELLING) Caecilia, Novena; Selamat Lumban Gaol; Daniel Hendrawan
Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 04 April (2026): Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal
Publisher : PT Wahana Global Education

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Abstract

Peredaran produk pangan yang telah melewati masa kedaluwarsa masih menjadi permasalahan dalam praktik perdagangan di Indonesia, terutama melalui praktik pengemasan ulang (repackaging) dan pelabelan ulang (relabelling). Praktik tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen karena produk yang sebenarnya tidak layak konsumsi tetap dipasarkan dengan informasi yang menyesatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum mengenai pengemasan ulang dan pelabelan ulang produk pangan serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen yang membeli dan mengkonsumsi produk pangan yang telah daluwarsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur hukum, serta bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan mengenai keamanan dan mutu pangan di Indonesia telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, antara lain Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 69 Tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan. Ketentuan tersebut mengandung norma hukum berupa perintah dan larangan yang bersifat memaksa bagi pelaku usaha untuk menjamin keamanan dan mutu pangan yang diedarkan. Praktik pengemasan ulang dan pelabelan ulang terhadap produk pangan yang telah daluwarsa merupakan perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip keamanan pangan dan perlindungan konsumen karena dapat menyesatkan konsumen serta membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat.
Co-Authors , Budi Prayitno Achmad Fariz Airin Titus Amos Andi Andi Anggraeni Rosliana Dewi Annisa Aminda Apriansyah, Daffa Dwi Ardison Asri Aria Caesar Kusuma Atmaja Baity Ramona, Erizka Caecilia, Novena Cut Fadhlan Akhyar Daniel Hendrawan Darwis, Nurlely Diah Prasetyowati Diding Rahmat Dita Tisnadewi, Made Erlangga, Luis Bayu Gustian Faedonajokho Sarumaha Ghina Marta Salmaa Salsabila Gultom, Potler Hasgar A.S., A. Muhammad Henny Saida Flora Henri M. Tobing Hidayat, Freddy Ilham Maulana Indah Sari Indah Sari Indriyana Dwi Mustikarini, Indriyana Dwi Irsal Irwan Irwan Ishwara, Ade Sathya Sanathana Istianingsih Sastrodiharjo Johannes Johny Koynja Johannes Triestanto Joko Setiawan Kusumaatmaja, Aria Caesar Lasmauli Noverita Mardianis Mardianis, Mardianis Markus Suryoutomo Martin, Reynaldo Masrur, Toha Meliyani Turnip Munthe, Donny Markas Sahputra G. Musmuliadi Musmuliadi Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Ning Adiasih Niru Anita Sinaga Rajab Maliq, Ahdi Ramziati Ramziati Raudhotul Jannah Rischad Widianto Siregar Risdo Pakpahan Rizky Fahrezi, Fahmi RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Ryan Pratama Saragih, Geofani Milthree SGN, Subhan Zein Sharaja, Alecsius Simanjuntak, Bernico Siregar, Rischad Widianto Situmorang, Hotjen Edison Subhan Zein Subhan Zein Sgn Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Sudarto Suherman, Jajang Sujono Sujono Suwito Suwito Widiraharjo, Widiraharjo Yanto, Indri Zein, Subhan Zulfikri Zulham Effendi