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Studi Eutrofikasi Akibat Aktivitas Penggunaan Lahan di Danau Buyan Ida Bagus Ketut Gede Kertia; I Wayan Arthana; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 12 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (969.001 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2018.v12.i02.p04

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ABSTRACT EUTROPHIC STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF LAND USE ACTIVITY IN BUYAN LAKE Increased in land use activity in Buyan Lake catchment area can be a threat to multifunction of the lake. Identification the impact due to land use activity is to important of lake management. This study aims to know the land use and its activities, predicted the yield of sediment and nutrient losses, and knew of trophic state for the lake. The Lake Buyan catchment area is 1,943.8 ha. This research use survey method and in situ and ex situ measurement from March to May 2017. Type of data collected were land use and its activities, C-organic and soil nutrient, and variables of trophic state for the lake. This study showed that dryland vegetables crops with bench terrace by low standard contruction, shrub with grass, and coffee plantation with traditional terrace with area each of 71.9 ha (3.7%), 43.0 ha (2.2%), and 25.4 ha (1.3%) respectively has an erosion of higher than tolerable soil loss. The sediment yield and C-organic, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium losses with the amount each of 9,399.4, 266.6, 14.5, 15.8, and 58.7 ton year-1 respectively, and with soil and water conservation practices is very effective to reduced the sediment yield and C-organic, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium losses with the amount each of 3,160.1, 89.6, 4.9, 5.3, and 19.7 ton year-1. Average of nitrogen, phosphate, chlorophyll a, and tranparency with the value each of 3,500, 118.4, 48.2 µg L-1 and 1.8 m showed that trophic state for Buyan Lake is euthrophic until hypereuthrophic, and a moderate euthrophic indicated from the average TSI with the value of 64.3. Key words : Buyan Lake, land use, erosion, sediment yield, eutrophic
STUDY OF CORAL REEF DISTRIBUTION AROUND BADUNG STRAIT USING ALOS SATELLITE DATA Suciati -; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 3 No 2
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Coral reef ecosystem has become a centre of interest because of the development of marine tourism development,coral fragment trade, and other activities that are able to destroy coral reef ecosystem. ALOS with AVNIR-2 sensor wasselected because it has 3 visible spectrums which have the ability of penetration into water column, also it have highenough of spatial resolution i.e.10 meters.The aims of this research are: 1) to identify the level of accuracy of ALOS satellite image in activity for coral reefdistribution mapping and 2) to identify the general condition of coral reefs in around Badung Strait.Preliminary processes of image processing are geometric correction and atmosphere correction. Water columneffect was reduced by Lyzenga Algorithm. Five classes were determined by multispectral classification process e.i. coral,vegetation, sand, rubble of coral and substrate. Ground check was done to identify the accuracy level. The methodaccuracy by Lillesand and Kiefer was used in this research.The result of accuracy test shows that classification accuracy was 87.16% for overall accuracy. Results of imageinterpretation show that live coral in around Badung strait is estimated to have about 141,056 hectares width. It wascovering Denpasar Regency in the east and south-east side of Serangan Island with the fringing reef type; KlungkungRegency in the west side of Lembongan Island with the fringing reef type and in the south side with the platform type,while in Gianyar Regency was not found the coral reef distribution.
DAMPAK KEGIATAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP TINGKAT EUTROFIKASI DAN JENIS – JENIS FITOPLANKTON DI DANAU BUYAN KABUPATEN BULELENG PROVINSI BALI Ni Putu Vivin Nopiantari; I Wayan Arthana; Ida Ayu Astarini
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 11 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2017.v11.i01.p08

Abstract

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON EUTROFICATION LEVELS AND TYPES OF FITOPLANKTON IN LAKE BUYAN BULELENG REGENCY PROVINCE OF BALIThis research was conducted to find out the impact of agricultural activities in the various levels of eutrophication and diversity of phytoplankton in Buyan Lake, Buleleng, Bali Province. Purposive sampling method was organized to determining research station, where the sampling stations were determined based on various considerations, such as conditions of study area, and predominant use of agricultural land in the study area. Sampling method of phytoplankton and the lake water were done by setting the 4 stations that represent agricultural activities around Buyan Lake. Phytoplankton samples were taken by filtering the water on the lake surface as much as 100 liters, using the plankton net with a mesh size of 25µm. Phytoplankton parameters was analyzed in laboratory. Data was analyzed using analysis of phytoplankton abundance, Equity index and dominance index. Results showed that abundance of phytoplankton at each stations in Buyan Lake was ranged between 1150 – 1791.67 cells / l. Average abundance of phytoplankton in all stations was 1504.17 cells / l. Based on the abundance of phytoplankton, waters of Buyan Lake was classified into water that have low fertility rate (oligotrophic). Agricultural activities around Buyan Lake resulted a moderate eutrophication level (mesotrofik).
MONITORING MANGROVE AREA IN BENOA BAY USING LANDSAT TM AND ETM + DATA Ni Luh Made Ari Sugianthi; I Wayan Arthana; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 2 No 1
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Mangrove ecosystems are crucial for the management of some coastal resources in Indonesia. Thisresearch used Landsat TM 1994, Landsat ETM+ 2002 with the purpose to know mangrove area change foreight years, mangrove density and accuracy of image as source of data to mangrove area in Benoa Bay. Fromimage analysis that using maximum likelihood method, the mangrove is classified into 3 classes i.e.:mangroves with high density, medium density and low density. For the ground check, used single plotmethod by using 6 trees.The extent of mangrove area in Benoa Bay were 447.69 ha in 1994 and 622.08 ha in 2002. Thechange of the extent of mangrove area during 8 years (1994 – 2002) increased by 174.41 ha. The area ofdensities in 1994, high density was 225.15 ha, medium density was 122.48 ha and low density was 130.05ha. In 2002, high density was 262.8 ha, medium density was 265.95 ha, and low density was 133.30 ha.Based on the regression analysis between mangrove density and the value of interpretation, the density ofmangrove in Benoa Bay which the criteria of high density is 364.723 – 466.311 tree/ha, medium density is237.738 - 364.723 tree/ha and low density is 186.944 – 237.738 tree/ha. The determination coefficient (r2)was 0.6312. Based on the regression analysis in 2002 used in interpretation of mangrove density in 1994,which the criteria of high density is 357.10 tree/ha –316.47 tree/ha, medium density is 273.29 tree/ha –316.47 tree/ha and low density is 252.98 tree/ha –273.29 tree/ha.The accuracy of the Landsat ETM+ 2002 for mangrove area classification in Benoa Bay was 90%.These values were above the acceptable limit of accuracy stated of 80 %, so that this classification accuracywas acceptable.
STUDI KUALITAS UDARA DI SEKITAR SUNGAI TELAGAWAJA, DESA MUNCAN, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM BALI I WAYAN ARTHANA
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 4 No 1
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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The research was done in surrounding Telagawaja River at Muncan Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali at October2008. The aim of the research was to know the air quality condition in that area. There were six air quality parametersmeasured at three different sites. The content of NO2 at the air varied 24,29-31,87 ?g/m3 was higher than that in GunaksaBeach where there are no activities at all but it was lower than that in Sawangan Nusa Dua where full of tourismactivities. The level of SO2 at the range of 34,44-44,97 ?g/m3 was lower than that in Padangbai Harbour where full ofhuman activities and transportations. The content of dust at the range of 105,82 ?g/m3, CO at the range of 497,78-568,89?g/m3, Pb at the range of 0,250-0,792 ?g/m3. The level of noise at the range of 40,33-53,79 dB(A) was lower than that invillage community at Kubu, Karangasem Regency and also lower than that in Sawangan Beach of Nusa Dua. All the airquality parameters are not yet over than standard of safe air quality level.
STUDI DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN PEMBENIHAN IKAN LAUT TERHADAP PENURUNAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DI KECAMATAN GEROKGAK KABUPATEN BULELENG Suko Ismi; I Wayan Arthana; I W. Budiarsa Suyasa
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 3 No 1
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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The purpose of this research is to investigate influence of marine fish hatchery to degradation environmentalquality in Gerokgak District, measurement was done through physical, chemical and microbiologycal analysis.Thesample was taken from 17 stations well water, and 8 stations sea water with 2 stations coming from water discard marinefish hatchery of Gondol Orchard. Data analysis of wells water to campare with water quality standart category I and seawater comparing with the live for animal sea water according to Regulation of The Governor Bali No. 8 Year 2007. Seawater pollutan level was counted through index of diversity and integrated score, to know the resemblance physical andchemical caracteristic among station was analysis by cluster.Result of the research indicates that some parameters of wells water have passed standart water quality namely :Salinity, BOD5, nitrit, phospat, iron , mangan, copper, zink, cobalt, cadmium, dan bacteria coliform feces content. Clusteranalysis wells water if we classify into 3 groups namely first group station 2, 4, 5, 8 until 17, the location of wells 2, 4 and5 near for hatcheries but have resemblance caracteristic with wells far for hatcheries that is station 8-17. Second groupstation 3, 6 and 7 have location near hatcheries and third group station 1 only near hatcheries location. Nearness betweenstation on one group caused resemblace caracteristic, although different wells distance. Parameters sea water have passedstandart water quality namely : nitrat and phospat. Can be found 21 genus plankton from 6 phylum with composition 61%Bacillariophyta, 5% Cyanophyta, 10% Protozoa, 5% Ctenophora, 14% Arthropoda. Index diversity (H’) 0.078 – 1.968 itindicates about medium to high pollution, index uniformities (E) 0,033 – 0,473 its means that uniformities low tomedium, index domination (C) 0,167 – 0,974 it’s meaning have domination partial of plankton a low until high. Integrated score rate have value 4,63 – 6,25 the meaning is water have a medium until heavy of pollution. Cluster analysissea water if it is classified into 3 groups namely first group that is station 1 until 5 that in coastal area with direct watercoming from discard water marine fish hatchery different caracteritic with second group station 6,7 and 8 this area farfrom the beach, next third group B1 and B2 this station water discard from marine fish hatchery.
STUDI PERKEMBANGAN STRUK TUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI TERUMBU BUATAN BERBENTUK HEXADOME PADA BERBAGAI KONDISI PERAIRAN DI KABUPATEN BULELENG, BALI YUNALDI YUNALDI; I Wayan Arthana; IDA AYU ASTARINI
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Artificial reefs are made to act as temporary substitutes for small areas of damaged original reef. The structures attract fish and other marine organisms, which can eventually be exploited (e.g. for human food), so it is expected that they will form the basis around which natural reefs can grow and recover. The purpose of this study is to document recruitment of organisms onto the artificial structures, evaluate the effectiveness of the structures in terms of shape and recruitment potential, and use the recruitment information to show which species occur in the surrounding reefs. This research was conducted from May-July 2010 in north Bali, in the Village District Gerokgak Patas, Kampung Baru Village in Buleleng District, and Penuktukan Village, Kecematan Tejakula. The research method used was a visual census method to determine the number of fish species and fish abundance on artificial reefs at three different locations. Three replications were performed at each location. 2481 individuals from 18 families (38 species) of reef fish were observed. The area with the greatest abundance of fish and the highest number of fish species was in Kampung Baru, with 1170 individuals from 21 species of fish. Dominant reef fish species were Plotosus lineatus (Cat Fish) - 510 individuals, Pomacentrus auriventris (Goldbelly damsel)- 256 individuals, Dascyllus trimaculatus (Three spot damsel) - 335 individuals, Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Lyretail Anthias) - 320 individuals. A Sorensen analysis showed that reef fish communities on the artificial reefs in the form of 'hexadomes' were not derived from the surrounding reefs.
STUDY OF STATISTICAL CORELATION AMONG FISH PRODUCTION AND INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND MONSOON IN WESTERN INDONESIAN SEA USING SATELLITE DATA SUPRATMAN -; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 4 No 1
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Abstract

Western Indonesian Sea especially Sumatra Sea, Sunda Strait, Pelabuhan Ratu Sea and Prigi Sea is a potential areafor fisheries especially tongkol. Oceanography factors that influenced to the fisheries activity are Sea SurfaceTemperature (SST), Sea Surface Height (SSH), concentration chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), monsoon and Indian Ocean Dipole.This research location is in Western Indonesian Sea. With coordinate is 97.00 E to 114.00 E, and 02.00 N to 11.00 Sin period of 2002 to 2006. Spatial and temporal analysis SSH from Jason-1 Satellite, SST and chl-a from AQUA-MODISsatellite data set used to correlation with fish production. The correlation between Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and fishproduction is use also. SST and chl-a data processing by SeaDAS software, SSH derive from website NASA, DMIderived from website NASDA. Fish production data is from statistic fish production data.The correlation value between fish production and SST in Sumatra Sea and Pelabuhanratu Sea is high with value -0.734 and -0.660. In Sunda Strait and Prigi Sea is low, with value -0.560 and -0.566. Meanwhile the correlation valuebetween fish production and chl-a in Sumatra Sea, Sunda Strait and Pelabuhanratu are high and in Prigi Sea is low. Thevalue in Sumatra Sea is 0.868, in Sunda Strait is 0.660, in Pelabuharatu Sea is 0.751 and in Prigi sea is 0.588.The fish production caught by fisherman influence by northwest monsoon (rainy season) and southeast monsoon (dryseason). Fish production will decrease in rainy season, and increase at dry season.The correlation value between fish production and DMI has a high correlation in Sumatra Sea, Sunda Strait andPelabuhanratu Sea. Meanwhile, in Prigi Sea the corelation is low. Correlation value in Sumatra Sea is 0.851, in SundaStrait is 0.656, in Pelabuhanratu Sea is 0.691 and in Prigi Sea is 0.463.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTOS PADA TIGA MUARA SUNGAI SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS PERAIRAN DI PESISIR PANTAI AMPENAN DAN PANTAI TANJUNG KARANG KOTA MATARAM LOMBOK HUSNAYATI HARTINI; I Wayan Arthana; Joko Wiryatno
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 7 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Increasing the human activity may lead to decrease utilization of river waters quality. The purpose of this study were to find out structure of macrozoobenthos community as bioindicator of waters quality in three estuaries of Ampenan district; find out the chemical and physical conditions of waters; determine the relationship of physical chemical of waters and macrozoobenthos diversity indices. The study was conducted by dividing of each estuary into 10 stations. Community structure and physical chemical waters parameters was analyzed descriptively. The relationship of physical and chemical waters quality parameters with macrozoobenthos diversity indices was analyzed by regression. The results showed that 8 species found in the estuary of Berenyok, 11 species in the estuary of Ancar and 12 species in the estuary of Jangkok. Conditions of community structure in three estuaries balanced enough up to unstable. Physical and chemistry waters quality in three estuaries are still below the quality standard except for Hg. In Berenyok and J angkok estuaries Hg values obtained in excess of standard quality. Pollution levels in the three estuaries ranging from moderate to heavily polluted. There is a linear correlation between macrozoobenthos diversity indices and DO parameter in each estuary.
Perencanaan Lansekap Wisata Berbasis Edukasi Mangrove di Restoran Akame, Benoa I MADE ADI PRANATHA; I WAYAN ARTHANA; NI WAYAN FEBRIANA UTAMI
Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap Vol.1, No.1, April 2015
Publisher : Prodi Arsitektur Pertamanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1296.355 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JAL.2015.v01.i01.p04

Abstract

ABSTRACT Tourism Landscape Planning Based on Education of Mangrove at Akame Restaurant, Benoa   Some regional development in Benoa area utilize mangrove areas. One of them is the development of the Akame Restaurant. This restaurant development greatly affects the existence of mangroves so as to reduce the negative impacts caused by the development of the restaurant then it should be based on regional planning and conservation education to become a sustainable development of the business and tourist area. Planning research method consists of several stages of inventory, analysis, synthesis, concepts and travel planning. Identification and analysis of the potential and constraints of biophysical, economic, social and cultural development in the tourist landscape Akame Restaurant produces spatial concept. The concepts consist of circulation and the concept of infrastructure that supports the activities of the restaurant and the activities of mangrove educational tours. Objects and attraction that are planned include the cultivation of mangrove crabs, bird watching, planting mangrove seedlings, outbound, and canoeing.   Keywords: akame restaurant, landscape planning, landscape tourism, mangrove education
Co-Authors A.A. Gede Cahya Pratama Abd. Rahman As-syakur Agus Wija Atmaja Aida Sartimbul Alfi Hermawati Waskita Sari Alya Namira Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi apri i supi'i Arief Reza Fahlevi Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi Bejo Slamet Beny Mustofa Bram Setyadji Bunga Divia Arimbi Cakranegara, Pandu Adi Candra Saputra CoK.I.M. HANDAYANI Daniel Nemba Dambe Daniel Tri Lakona Sinamo Debi Bunga Novitasari Deny Suhermawan Yusup Deptson Baringin Silaen Desak Putu Risky Vidika Apriyanthi Dewa Ayu Angga Pebriani Dewa Gde Tri Bodhi Saputra Dwi Suprapti Elok Faiqoh Endang Rustiasih Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas Fanlia Prima Jaya Fikri Huda Falah Fina Wahyuningsih GALIH INDRAWATI Gde Raka Angga Kartika Gde Raka Angga Kartika Gede Dwi Sukmawantara Gede Pasek Sutedja Gede Surya Indrawan Gemaya Wangsa Gultom, Henry Casandra Gunawan Tarigan Gusti Ayu Manik Pradnyani Habibatus Sholihah Hanifa Miranda I.H. Putri Heidi Siddiqa Heri Prabowo Herlisa Setiarini Hikmah Nurazizah Husnayati Hartini I Dewa Gede Warmadewa I Dewa Nym. Nurweda P., I Gede Agus Isha Purusa I Gede Hendrawan I Gede Surya Risuana I Gede Wahyu Surya Wirawan I Gusti Agung Bagus Arya Pradnya Pratama I Gusti Agung Dwikhy Oka Taradhipa I Gusti Ayu Diah Hendiari I Gusti Ayu Novie Sidaningrat I Gusti Bagus Suputra I Gusti Made Sudipta I Kadek Tobing Ascahya I Ketut Swardika I Komang Dianto I Made Adi Karsa I MADE ADI PRANATHA I Made Minggu Widyantara I MADE SUDARMA I Made Suma Krisna Sravishta I Made Suwitra, I Made I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha I NYOMAN MERIT I Nyoman Sudipa I Nyoman Sumardika I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Yoga Parawangsa I Putu Eka Mahendra I Putu Yoga Pramana Putra I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang I Wayan Juliawan I Wayan Kasa I Wayan Restu I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I Wayan Suarna I Wayan Subawa I Wayan Wesna Astara IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Ayu Putu Widiawati Ida Ayu Utari Dewi ida bagus adi palguna Ida Bagus Ketut Gede Kertia Ida Bagus Lampita Prabawa Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana Ifan Martin Nopem IPG ARDHANA IRMA YULIA MADJID Joko Wiryatno Josua Siagian Josua Siagian KADEK ARY ANGGRAENI KADEK ARY ANGGRENI Kartika, I Wayan Darya Karyono Karyono Khadijah Irania Kolis Pratama Komang Bayu Permana Komang Gede Pramantara Komang Lina Rosita Sugiarni Krisna Jumantara Panca Putra Letia Alda Fadilla Lisa Rosalia Prayuda Ludia Panggalo Luh Putu Diah Ananda Wijayanti Luh Putu Sudini M Alfian Pratama M. Sudiana Mahendra Made Ayu Pratiwi Made Widya Sekarbuana Mayang Utami Meta Apriliawati Sandi Miftachudin Syaiful Ma'ruf Mohammad Rizqi Mohan Budiman MOKHLAS SATIBI Mu'tasim Billah Muh. Abduh Anwar Muhammad Asir Muhammad Sawir Muhammad Yusuf Ni Desak Putu Dita Herlinawati Ni Kadek Suardiani Ni Komang Rai Widhyaningsih Ni Luh Ayu Gita Astriani Ni Luh Ayu Gita Astriani Ni Luh Gede Ambarawati Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu Saraswati Ni Luh Made Ari Sugianthi Ni Luh Putu Citra Adriyanti Ni Luh Watiniasih Ni Made Ary Widiastiti Ni Made Ernawati, Ni Made Ni Made Putri Kartika Jati Ni Putu Ayustin Krisnati Dewi Ni Putu Bella Yuliana Dewi Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti Ni Putu Sawitri Nandari Ni Putu Vivin Nopiantari Ni Putu Wiwin Angreni Ni Wayan Desy Wahyudiati Ni Wayan Ernawati NI WAYAN FEBRIANA UTAMI Ni Wayan Indah Purnamawati Nyoman Dati Pertami Octria Vesensia Olivia Grace Brigitta Florencia Pandu Pratama Putra Putra, I Nyoman Giri Putri Eka Cahyani Putri Febrine Nainggolan Putri Nilakandi Perdanawati Pitoyo Putu Agus Arisudana Putu Ayu Irma Wirmayanti Putu Dyah Prastiti Sukma Febriany Putu Suryani . Rachmat Andi Saputra Rani Ekawaty Ranny R. Yuneni Ravita Kusuma Dewi Rifaldus Dani S.A NYOMAN PUTRI TRIANTINI Sang Ayu Indah Sukma Dewi Stephanus Tambunan Suciati - SUCIKA ARMIANI, SUCIKA Suko Ismi Supardiono Supardiono Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati SUPRATMAN - suryawan, Gusti Bagus Susumu Kanno Syachry Banun Takahiro Osawa Takahiro Osawa Takahiro Osawa Teguh Prayogo Widiastuti Widiastuti Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Yoga Ibnu Graha Yuli Krisnawati YUNALDI YUNALDI Yuniarti K. Pumpun