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Promoting Equity in Public Health: Adressing Healthcare Utilization Disparities in Indonesia Nabila, Ichda Naila; Qomaruddin, Mochammad Bagus; Widati, Sri; Devy, Shrimarti Rukmini; Rachmadi, Eka Yanuar
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI1 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jpk.V14.ISI1.2026.163-175

Abstract

Background: The implementation of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) has expanded healthcare access. As of December 31, 2024, JKN coverage had reached 98.45%, yet disparities persist across socioeconomic groups and geographic regions. These disparities contribute to unequal service quality, low utilization, and financial burdens among low-income households. Objective: This study identifies determinants of disparities in healthcare utilization in Indonesia using Andersen’s Behavioral Model and provides an evidence base for policymakers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches of CrossRef, Scopus, and PubMed (2015–2025) identified studies on healthcare utilization and disparities in Indonesia. Eligible articles were screened in Covidence and thematically synthesized using Andersen’s Behavioral Model to classify determinants into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results: Enabling factors, such as socioeconomic status, insurance ownership, and geographic access, were the strongest determinants, compared with predisposing factors (age, sex, marital status, and educational background) and need factors (self-rated health, chronic conditions, perceived healthcare needs). High health needs did not always lead to service use, particularly among low-income and remote populations. Financial protection alone is insufficient without improvements in health literacy, equitable workforce distribution, and stronger primary care. Conclusion: Although JKN has expanded access, disparities remain. An integrated approach is needed to strengthen primary care, ensure equitable health worker distribution, improve health literacy, and enhance geographic access. These actions can shift JKN’s focus from coverage expansion to equitable service access, supporting Indonesia’s progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
InsuTAG and Early Salutogenic Screening of Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Adolescents Inner Beauty Bilqis, Tiber Raniar; Widjaja, Nur Aisiyah; Devy, Shrimarti Rukmini; Indriani, Diah; Irawan, Nur Roedi; Hanindita, Meta Herdiana; Ardianah, Eva
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI1 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jpk.V14.ISI1.2026.86-93

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is considered the common underlying cause of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Predicting the incidence of MetS and IR at the individual level is essential, especially in obese adolescents who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). InsuTAG has shown reliable results in predicting IR and MetS in healthy elderly populations. This study aimed to investigate the use of InsuTAG as an assessment tool to predict IR and MetS in obese adolescents, using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) to quantify insulin resistance. Methods:  A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted from January to May 2020 in healthy obese adolescents aged 13-18 years-old. Blood analyses included lipid profile (LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 5.22 for boys and > 3.82 for girls during the pubertal period. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for InsuTAG demonstrated a greater area under the curve (AUC) for identifying IR than MetS (0.877 vs. 0.743, p = 0.000; 95% CI). The optimal InsuTAG cut-off to determine IR was > 23.48, with 78.43% sensitivity and 87.38% specificity. The cut-off to identify MetS was > 23.36, yielding 67.97% sensitivity and 72.82% specificity. Conclusion: InsuTAG is a useful tool for identifying IR and MetS. The optimal cut-off values are > 23.48 for IR and > 23.36 for MetS in obese adolescents. These findings support early prevention and health promotion efforts, ultimately strengthening self-care practices among obese adolescents.
Shrimarti Rukmini Devy Qonita Rachmah; Riris Diana Rachmayanti; Thini Nurul Rochmah; Shrimarti Rukmini Devy; Sri Andari; Ismayani; Wuri Diah Handayani; Ratu Dien Prima Fermeza; Rufaida Adya Nur Avianti Ulya
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol 12 No 1 (2023): MEDIA GIZI KESMAS (JUNI 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v12i1.2023.410-416

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is targeting to reduce stunting by 14% in 2024. Behavior change communication is one of the 5 (five) pillars of national stunting prevention. Previous research explained that the Interpersonal Communication (KAP) approach succeeded in modify behavior changes to reduce the incidence of stunting. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the efficacy of Interpersonal Communication (KAP) training on the knowledge of Puskesmas health workers to change community behavior related to stunting. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with one pre-posttest group. Total samples were purposively selected, 168 nutritionists and midwives at the health center in the work area of the Sidoarjo District Health Office. The effectiveness of KAP training was assessed by the KAP knowledge indicator using 20 multiple choice questions questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled out twice. KAP training is handled by 4 (four) trained health workers from the Ministry of Health for 6 hours/ day for 2 days. Paired t-test statistical test was used to see the significant changes in knowledge. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, there was a significant increase in both the total correct answers and knowledge scores at KAP training (p<0.000). Conclusions: The efficacy of KAP training showed that similar programs can be implemented with broader targets such as cadres, PKK, religion leaders, and society leaders.
Capacity Building Kader “Wani Ngandani” dalam Melakukan Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan dan Pemantauan Berkelanjutan (Surveillance) di Kampung Tangguh Wani Jogo Suroboyo, Kelurahan Pacarkeling, Kecamatan Tambaksari, Surabaya Shrimarti Rukmini Devy; Santi Martini; Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol 13 No 2 (2024): MEDIA GIZI KESMAS (DECEMBER 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v13i2.2024.823-830

Abstract

Background: Surabaya City is one of the cities in East Java Province with a high-risk zone in the spread of Covid-19 cases. One of them is in Tambaksari District, Pacarkeling Village, an area with confirmed cases of Covid-19. It is known that the community in the region has implemented the 5M health protocol, but the discipline for implementing this behavior is still not optimal. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the knowledge of Capacity Building Cadres through Wani Ngandani socialization activities in Kampung Tangguh Wani Jogo Surabaya, Pacarkeling Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya. Method: The research method used in this study is quantitative with design action research, namely training activities on knowledge of how to communicate and conduct surveillance on health cadres as problem solving conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The location of the activity is in Pacarkeling Village, Tambaksari District, Surabaya. The implementation of offline training by implementing strict 3M health protocols. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Results: The results of the study showed that increasing knowledge and skills in communication methods during the socialization of the 5M Health Protocol can increase the knowledge of health protocols for surveillance in 83% of Wani Ngandani cadres. Conclusion: Then it can be concluded that the results of the Wani Ngandani socialization activities in the Wani Jogo Surabaya Resilient Village environment can provide increased knowledge or Capacity Building for Cadres regarding health protocols. Furthermore, continued training is needed to increase the capacity of health cadres and PKK members, so that the knowledge gained is useful for community participation in health programs in the city of Surabaya.
Sexual Health Education Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to Prevent Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents: A Systematic Review Stephani Dwiyana Putri; Shrimarti Rukmini Devy; Ira Nurmala; Andi Safutra Suraya
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 6 No 6 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v6i6.4408

Abstract

Risky sexual behavior is a serious issue as it is a major risk factor for the emergence of diseases such as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), disabilities, and mortality among adolescents due to a lack of information about sexual health. The aim of this study is to prevent risky sexual behavior through health education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A systematic review was conducted using four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Science Direct) on previous studies employing cross-sectional, quasi-experimental, and Randomized Control Trials (RCT) designs from the last 5 years (2017-2021). The database search was performed from November to December 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used as a guide for assessing the quality of the studies, and PRISMA was used as the research guideline. Data analysis utilized descriptive analysis to identify themes. There were 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria in the review. All selected studies discussed sexual health education using the TPB approach. There was an improvement in behavior change based on TPB (attitudes, subjective norms, control, and intention) among adolescents who received sexual health education. The factors influencing adolescents' intentions are closely related to the process of behavior formation. These factors include attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. A Sexual health education based on TPB can be an appropriate intervention to prevent risky sexual behavior among adolescents, as its priority is to strengthen behavioral intentions by enhancing attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control through continuous health education.
Co-Authors Afina Puspita Zari Agung Dwi Laksono Agus Sulistyono Agustin Dwi Syalfina Agustin Dwi Syalfina Ah. Yusuf Ah. Yusuf Ahmad Nawawi Ahmaniyah Ahsan Ahsan Ahsanu Bil Husna Al Afik Alfi Makrifatul Azizah Alkatiri, Shalsabiila Alma Feriyanti Amanda Nazira Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin Amir, Eby Ramdhani Anak Agung Sriska Prasnantiawardani Andi Safutra Suraya Andini, Tiara Anggun Wahyu Widoretno Ardianah, Eva Arfah, Muh. Arief, Yuni Sufyanti Arifa Retnowuni Arifa Yusrina Aristanto Prambudi Arwan Atik Choirul Hidajah Aulia Dikmah Kiswahono Aulia, Nungki Dwiandra Budi Prasetyo Bunga Farida Cahyani, Fatimah Dwi Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Chitra Diana Rahmawati Dayu Marista Dea Putri Safira Dhody Rafsandjani Dhody Rafsandjani Diah Indriani Diah Indriani Dini Rima Fadilah Dita Kartika Sasi Dunggio, Abdul Rivai Saleh Dwi Indah Lestari Edi Dwi Riyanto Edi Hermanto Eileen Savage Emy Trisna Juwita Eni Purwaningsih Erlina Suci Astuti Ernawati Ernawati Ernawaty Ernawaty Fadlilah, Nazilatul Farah Shafy Sahara Fatah, Mohammad Zainal Fatimah Dwi Cahyani Firda Yusniar Fitria, Dhesta Nanda Noer Galuh Mega Kurnia Giska Wulan Kusuma Hanindita, Meta Herdiana Hari Basuki Notobroto HERMANTO, EDI Hidayati, Sitti Nurul Hikmah, Faiqatul I Dewa Gede Ugrasena Ika Mardiyanti Ika Yuni Widyawati Iken Nafikadini Inner Beauty Bilqis, Tiber Raniar Inriza Yuliandari Ira Nurmala Ira Nurmala Irawan, Nur Roedi Isma Faridatus Sholihah Isma Faridatus Sholihah Ismayani Kartika, Ria Chandra Kurnia, Galuh Mega Kusuma, Giska Wulan Laksana, Muhammad Ardian Cahya Leersia Yusi Ratnawati LINA AGUSTIN KUSUMAWARDHANI Lusyta Puri Ardhiyanti Lutfi Agus Salim M. Bagus Qomaruddin M. Bahmid MAHARANI, AYUNDA REGINA Mangestuti Agil Merryana Adriani Mira Atikaturrosida Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin Muhammad Hakimi Muhammad Hakimi Muji sulistyowati Nabila, Ichda Naila Nafiatus Sintya Deviatin Nafiatus Sintya Deviatin Nihayati, Hanik Endang Noer Saudah Noer Saudah, Noer Novia Luthviatin Novita, Yustin Nur Aisiyah Widjaja, Nur Aisiyah Nuraidah, Lutfi Fajar Nurhasmadiar Nandini Nurhayati, Aprillia Nursalam Nursalam Nursalam, Nursalam Oedojo Soedirham Primalova Septiavy Estiadewi Pristiany, Liza Putri, Melinda Arta Reza Qurnia Andayani Rachmadi, Eka Yanuar Rachmah Indawati Rachmah, Qonita Rahel Violin Kamisorei Rahel Violin Kamisorei Rahmani, Alinda Ramadhaniah Ratu Dien Prima Fermeza Ravitasari, Dayne Sherlia Rika Satya Dewi Rika Subarniati Rino Triyanto Keya Riris Diana Rachmayanti Risa Etika, Risa Riza Fikriana Rohma, Sofia Rufaida Adya Nur Avianti Ulya Salma, Erlinda Rasikhah Hadi Salsabila, Hasna Amalia Santi Martini Shintia Yunita Arini, Shintia Yunita Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh Sitti Nurul Hidayati Sofyan Haryanto Sofyan Haryanto Sri Andari Sri Widati Sri Widati Stephani Dwiyana Putri Supia Ningsih Juita Sari Susindra, Yoswenita Tausyiah Rohmah Noviyanti Thini Nurul Rochmah Tina Mei Wijayanti Toetik Koesbardiati Totok Mardikanto Totok Mardikanto Tri Ratna Ariestini Triharini, Mira Tsabitah Setyanimajid Ubaidillah, Nanda Iskandar Udin Kurniawan Azis Widowati, Syafira Wahyu Widyaningtyas, Nur Hafizhah Windhu Purnomo Wuri Diah Handayani Yayi Suryo Prabandari Yoto, Mohamad Yuliana Purnama Sari Min Yuly Sulistyorini Zada Nurmamita Denty Zakiyah Yasin