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All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Tekno : Jurnal Teknologi Elektro dan Kejuruan Teknologi dan Kejuruan: Jurnal teknologi, Kejuruan dan Pengajarannya Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro Jurnal Visi Ilmu Pendidikan Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Jurnal Transformatika JUPITER (Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro) Jurnal Teknologi Elektro Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Edu Komputika Journal Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori dan Praktik) VOLT : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik Elektro Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Jurnal ULTIMA InfoSys Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Informatika (JANAPATI) RESISTOR (Elektronika Kendali Telekomunikasi Tenaga Listrik Komputer) JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika) Jurnal Karinov STEAM Engineering : Journal of Science, Technology, Education And Mechanical Engineering Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL OF EDUCATION (RDJE) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Letters in Information Technology Education (LITE) Jurnal Abdimas Berdaya : Jurnal Pembelajaran, Pemberdayaan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JP (Jurnal Pendidikan) : Teori dan Praktik Reflection Journal Al Basirah Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Edukasi Teknik Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (SINAPMAS) Jurnal ilmiah teknologi informasi Asia Humanities Horizon Journal International Journal of Information Systems and Technology (IJOINT) Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Edcomtech: Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan
Hakkun Elmunsyah
Universitas Negeri Malang
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Journal : reflection journal

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Analisis Kritis terhadap Kebijakan dan Praktik Etika pada ChatGPT Purwanto, Devi Dwi; Wibawa, Aji Prasetya; Elmunsyah, Hakkun; Sendari, Siti
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/xv4mqp17

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat dalam teknologi Generative AI berbasis teks melalui model seperti ChatGPT membawa dampak yang signifikan di berbagai sektor. Namun, penerapan teknologi ini juga memunculkan tantangan etika yang mendalam, khususnya terkait dengan transparansi, keadilan, akuntabilitas, dan pengelolaan bias algoritmik. Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis penerapan kebijakan etika dalam desain dan pengembangan ChatGPT, dengan fokus pada prinsip-prinsip etika fundamental seperti keadilan, non-diskriminasi, dan transparansi. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adala Ex Post Facto, dimana analisis dilakukan setelah peristiwa atau kebijakan diterapkan, guna menilai dampaknya terhadap pengelolaan bias algoritmik dan risiko disinformasi. Pendekatan etika normative juga diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi sejau mana kebijakan diterapkan oleh OpenAI sejalan dengan nilai-nilai keadilan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh pengembang dalam memastikan bahwa Generative AI dapat digunakan secara adil dan bertanggung jawab. Selain itu, artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam penggunaan AI, guna menciptakan ekosistem yang lebih inklusif dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Keunikan artikel ini terletak pada analisis mendalam terhadap kebijakan etika yang diterapkan oleh OpenAI, serta focus pada prinsip-prinsip etika fundamental dalam konteks pengembangan Generative AI, yang belum banyak dibahas dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Kesimpulannya, keberhasilan AI yang etis bergantung pada penerapan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan sistematis, yang tidak hanya efisien secara teknis tetapi juga menghormati nilai-nilai sosial dan hak-hak individu. A critical analysis of Ethical Policies and Practices at ChatGPT The rapid advancement of text-based Generative AI technologies through models such as ChatGPT has had a significant impact across various sectors. However, the adoption of this technology also raises profound ethical challenges, particularly with regard to transparency, fairness, accountability, and the management of algorithmic bias. This article critically examines the implementation of ethical policies in the design and development of ChatGPT, with a focus on fundamental ethical principles such as fairness, non-discrimination, and transparency. The analytical method employed in this study is an ex post facto approach, in which analysis is conducted after the implementation of events or policies to assess their impact on the management of algorithmic bias and the risks of misinformation. A normative ethical approach is also applied to evaluate the extent to which OpenAI’s policies align with principles of justice. This study identifies major challenges faced by developers in ensuring that Generative AI is used fairly and responsibly. In addition, the article offers recommendations to enhance transparency and accountability in AI deployment in order to foster a more inclusive and accountable ecosystem. The novelty of this article lies in its in-depth analysis of the ethical policies implemented by OpenAI and its focus on fundamental ethical principles in the context of Generative AI development, an area that has received limited attention in prior research. In conclusion, the success of ethical AI depends on the implementation of comprehensive and systematic policies that are not only technically efficient but also respectful of social values and individual rights.
Integrasi Embedding Multiformat untuk Representasi Semantik Big Data Smart City: Analisis Etika Penelitian, AI Ethics, dan Tantangan Publikasi Ilmiah di Era Teknologi Lanjut Sumanti, Endang Sri; Prasetya, Didik Dwi; Elmunsyah, Hakkun; Sendari, Siti
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/rj.v6i2.4193

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis manfaat representasi semantik dan memetakan risiko etika pada pipeline embedding multimodal dalam pengolahan Big Data Smart City. Penelitian menggunakan desain sintesis literatur yang dipadukan dengan studi kasus konseptual, analisis hermeneutik teknologi, dan pemetaan risiko berbasis pipeline. Analisis mencakup lima komponen utama, yaitu Text Encoder, Visual Encoder, Cross-Modal Alignment, Fusion Layer, dan Semantic Output Layer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi data tekstual dan visual dapat memperkaya konteks semantik, memperkuat hubungan informasi antarmodalitas, serta mempertahankan konsistensi representasi pada dokumen kebijakan yang kompleks. Namun, manfaat tersebut disertai lima risiko utama, yaitu bias representasional, privasi dan indirect disclosure, dual-use, surveillance dan profiling otomatis, serta asimetri kekuasaan informasi. Fusion Layer teridentifikasi sebagai komponen dengan risiko paling tinggi karena menggabungkan bias dan potensi penyalahgunaan dari beberapa modalitas, sedangkan Cross-Modal Alignment menunjukkan mekanisme mitigasi yang masih terbatas. Integrasi prinsip autonomy, beneficence, justice, dan consent dengan fairness, accountability, transparency, explainability, serta manajemen risiko menghasilkan kerangka evaluasi etika yang dapat diterapkan sepanjang siklus hidup sistem. Penelitian merekomendasikan penerapan ethical checkpoints, audit bias, dokumentasi dataset dan model, logging, pembatasan tujuan penggunaan, serta human oversight. Karena berbasis studi kasus konseptual, kerangka ini masih memerlukan validasi ahli dan pengujian empiris menggunakan dataset Smart City aktual. Ethical Risk Mapping in Multimodal Embedding Pipelines for Semantic Representation of Smart City Big Data: A Literature Synthesis and Conceptual Case Study This study aims to analyze the benefits of semantic representation and map ethical risks within multimodal embedding pipelines used to process Smart City Big Data. The study employed a literature synthesis design combined with a conceptual case study, technological hermeneutic analysis, and pipeline-based risk mapping. The analysis covered five main components: the Text Encoder, Visual Encoder, Cross-Modal Alignment, Fusion Layer, and Semantic Output Layer. The findings indicate that integrating textual and visual data can enrich semantic context, strengthen cross-modal information relationships, and maintain representational consistency in complex policy documents. However, these benefits are accompanied by five major risks: representational bias, privacy and indirect disclosure, dual use, automated surveillance and profiling, and information-power asymmetry. The Fusion Layer was identified as the component with the highest risk because it combines bias and the potential misuse of information from multiple modalities, whereas Cross-Modal Alignment still has limited mitigation mechanisms. Integrating the principles of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and consent with fairness, accountability, transparency, explainability, and risk management produced an ethical evaluation framework that can be applied throughout the system lifecycle. The study recommends implementing ethical checkpoints, bias audits, dataset and model documentation, logging, purpose limitation, and human oversight. Because the study is based on a conceptual case scenario, the proposed framework still requires expert validation and empirical testing using actual Smart City datasets.
Groundedness-Aware Retrieval untuk Reduksi Halusinasi pada Chatbot Dokumen Pemerintah di Era Big Data Rumamby, Frendy Rocky; Prasetya, Didik Dw; Elmunsyah, Hakkun; Sendari, Siti
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/e83cp606

Abstract

Model Bahasa Besar (LLM) makin banyak dipakai untuk chatbot layanan publik karena mampu menyintesis informasi dari korpus dokumen yang besar. Namun, kecenderungan halusinasi pada LLM berisiko menghasilkan informasi administratif yang tampak meyakinkan tetapi tidak bersumber dari dokumen resmi. Penelitian ini mengusulkan kerangka Groundedness-Aware Retrieval (GAR) yang menggabungkan hybrid retrieval (BM25 + embedding), verifikasi groundedness multi-lapis, decoding sadar ketidakpastian, dan penelusuran bukti (evidence traceability) agar jawaban dapat diaudit. Pengujian pada 350 kueri administratif realistis menunjukkan GAR meningkatkan groundedness menjadi 0,91, menaikkan presisi faktual menjadi 94,8%, dan menurunkan tingkat halusinasi menjadi 3,5% dibanding LLM dasar dan RAG standar. Keunikan GAR dibanding RAG konvensional terletak pada lapisan verifikasi groundedness dan mekanisme penolakan/penandaan ketidakpastian yang secara eksplisit mencegah klaim tanpa bukti. Groundedness-Aware Retrieval to Reduce Hallucinations in Government Document Chatbots in the Big Data Era Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in public-service chatbots, yet they remain vulnerable to hallucinations that can surface as authoritative-looking but unsupported administrative claims. We propose a Groundedness-Aware Retrieval (GAR) framework that combines hybrid retrieval (BM25 + dense embeddings), multi-layer groundedness verification, uncertainty-aware decoding, and evidence traceability for auditability. On 350 realistic administrative queries, GAR outperforms a baseline LLM and standard RAG, achieving a groundedness score of 0.91, factual precision of 94.8%, and a hallucination rate of 3.5%. Compared with conventional RAG, GAR is distinctive in its explicit groundedness-verification layer and refusal/uncertainty tagging that prevents evidence-free generation.
Co-Authors A.N. Afandi Afriandi, Mohammad Rizal Agung Panji Sasmito Agus Suyetno Ahmad Fahmi Aji Prasetya Wibawa Al Afrin Uwais, Tito Ana Nuril Achadiyah Ananda Putri Syaviri Angga Achmad Cholid Anik Nur Handayani Aprilianto, Nanda Defi Aprillia, Dewi Aprilya Nofanti Arifin Arafat, Muhammad Yasser Arya Kumara Adji Asfani, Khoirudin Ayu Septiana Pratiwi Baharudin, Muhammad Naufal Bastian Rikardo Parhusip Charnila Desria Heydemans Devi Dwi Purwanto Didik Dwi Prasetya Didik Nur Hadi Dila Umnia Soraya Djoko Kustono Dwi Agus Sudjimat Dwi Cahya Puspita Dwiyanto, Felix Andika Dyah Lestari Dyah Rosita Anggraeni Eka Mahendra Bagaskara Erinda, Hayyu Eva Yulia Safitri, Eva Yulia Ewit Irniyah Fadliyanti Firdausia Fahreza Al Rafi, Muhammad Alif Fahru Riza Faizal Nurkhalim Fariz Noor Azizi Febrianto Alqodri Fikriati, Hikmatul Afifah FirmanSyah, Tri Galih Gumelar Sudi Kartomo Pamungkas Gradiyanto Radityo Kusumo Hafizd Rizky Kurniawan Handayani, Endang Ary Hari Putranto Harits Ar Rosyid Hary Suswanto Hayyu Erinda Hayyu Erinda Heru Wahyu Herwanto Irmawanto, Rudi Islam, Fandy Ahmad Nurul Joumil Aidil Saifuddin Kornelius Kamargo/Irawan Dwi Wahyono Kornelius Kamargo Kurniawan, Hafizd Rizky Kurniawan, Prawidana Kusumadyahdewi, Kusumadyahdewi Kusumarasdyati Kusumarasdyati Kusumawardana, Arya Kusumo, Gradiyanto Radityo Lailatul Nurjanah Laili Hidayati Lativa Hartiningtyas Mahfud Jiono MAULA, PUTRINDA INAYATUL Mira Cempaka Mohammad Rizal Afriandi Muhammad Husin Muhammad Idris Effendi Muhammad Idris Effendi Muhammad Jauharul Fuady Muhammad Rafie Pawellangi Muhammad Tahfidlul Azmi Muhyiddin, Fayi' Hanif Muladi Muliadi Nanda Riski Septania Nanda Riski Septania Nidhom, Ahmad Mursyidun Ningrum, Gres Dyah Kusuma Nur Hidayat, Wahyu NUR KHOLIFAH Nurul Hidayati Pamungkas, Bian Dwi Prasetiyanto, Ari Eka Prasetya, Didik Dw Pratama, Muchammad Ryan Puger Hoggowiyono Puger Honggowiyono Pujianto, Pangadongan Elfin Purnawirawan, Okta Purnomo, Purnomo Rahman, Rifki Zainur Reni Puspita Nurfadmi Resti Pranata Putri Riana Nurmalasari Rindi Santika Agustin Rizza, Muhammad Rohman, Mojibur Rokhimatul Wakhidah Rumamby, Frendy Rocky Salimi, Hanida Rahma Salsabila Sonia Nafista Setiadi Cahyono Putro Setyo, Agus Shofiyah Al Idrus Siti Sendari Slamet Wibawanto Sri Farida Utami Suastika Yulia Riska Sulistianingsih, A S Sumanti, Endang Sri Suwasono Suwasono Suwasono Suwasono Syaad Patmanthara Syifaul Fuada Tarecha, Rachmad Imam Tasiam, Fid Jantje Tinesa Fara Prihandini Tjiptady, Bella Cornelia Tri Atmadji S Tri Atmadji Sutikno Tri FirmanSyah Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Umami, Aktia Arigiana Utama, Muhammad Aulia Utama, Yustiana Amita Utomo Pujianto Wahyu Sakti Gunawan Irianto Wibisono, M. Nurwiseso Widiyanti Widiyanti Widiyanti Widiyanti Widiyanti, Widiyanti Ying, Goh Yin Yoto Yoto, Yoto Zaeni, Ilham Ari Elbaith Zainul Falah, Moh Zakaria .