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The Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) in Pelvic Organ Prolapse : A Systematic Review Yulia Margaretta Sari; Bobby Indra Utama; Zelly Dia Rofinda; Elliyanti, Aisyah
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.1.58-69.2026

Abstract

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynaecological disorder with a rising prevalence, significantly affecting quality of life. While the pathogenesis of POP is multifactorial, alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been implicated, particularly the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in ECM remodelling. However, the precise relationship between TGF-β and POP remains unclear. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating TGF-β expression in women with POP. Data extraction included study design, patient demographics, TGF-β detection methods, and key findings. Results: Analysis of nine studies revealed mixed findings. Four studies reported a significant reduction in TGF-β1 expression in POP patients, suggesting impaired ECM regulation via the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Three studies found no significant differences in TGF-β levels between POP and control groups, while one study linked increased TGF-β1 levels to severe prolapse, possibly as a compensatory response. Variations in methodology, sample size, and patient characteristics contributed to inconsistencies across studies. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that TGF-β1 plays a role in POP pathogenesis, with lower levels potentially weakening ECM integrity and higher levels in advanced cases reflecting a failed reparative response. Further research is needed to explore TGF-β interactions with other biomarkers and assess its potential as a therapeutic target.
Co-Authors Afkara Husna Firdanisa Afriwardi Afriwardi Agung Wijaya Kusuma Aisyah Elliyanti Almurdi Almurdi Andani Eka Putra Anggra Pramana Arga Kafi Perdana Kusuma Ari Fuad Fajri Aswiyanti Asri Aswiyanti Asri Ayu Anissa Bahri Berriandi Arwan Cintya Andriani Citra Ayu Fitrisia Daan Khambri Desmawati Desmawati Dessy Arisanti Dessy Arisanti Dia Rofinda, Zelly Dia Dian Pertiwi Dian Pertiwi Dio Jainata Elmatris Sy Endrinaldi Endrinaldi Endrinaldi Erda Mutiara Halida Ermawati Ermawati Ester Pakpahan Fauzan F Ferdinal Ferry Fika Tri Anggraini Fiona Dewanti Firdawati Firdawati Firdawati Fitrayeni Fitrayeni Fitrayeni Hafni Bachtiar Hafni Bachtiar Hafni Bachtiar Hafni Bachtiar Hardisman Hasmiwati Hasni Kemala Sari Hasvia Berliani Helmizar Herti Marni Hifzhillah Fajriati Hovlanta Pidingan Hudila Rifa Karmia Hudilla Rifa Karmia Husna Yetti Ichsan Arif Intan Julianingsih Irya, Nada Amelinda Jonas Hansel Tarigan Joserizal Serudji Julizar Julizar Julizar Nazar laila Laila Lini Gustini Maisarah Fadhilah Masrul Meilinda, Agus Mikhail Nurhari Mikhail Nurhari Mikhail Nurhari Mohamad Reza Mohamad Reza Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Rudi Setiawan Muhammad Ryfki SA Muhammad Syauqie Nada Amelinda Irya Nanda Tri Martha Nindrea, Ricvan Dana Nissa Prima Sari Nur Indrawati Lipoeto Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto Nurhayani Fatimah Nurhayati, Nurhayati Olivia Oktaviani Prastiwi Poldo Reinaldo Puspita Sari Rafi Yasnova Ranne Balqis Rauza Sukma Rita Rena Regina Erwin Reyhan Julio Azwan Reyhan Julio azwan Reyhan Julio Azwan Rimbun Wahyu Gumilar Rizanda Machmud Rizky Rivonda Bennovry Roslaili Rasyid Susila Sastri Syahredi SA Syamel Muhammad Tofrizal Tofrizal Vaulinne Basyir Widayat Widayat Yanti, Roza Sri Yenny Mayang Sari Yessi Widya Putri Yolanda Syahdia Yulia Margaretta Sari Yulia Margaretta Sari Yuniar Lestari Yusrawati Yusrawati Zelly Dia Rofinda