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Seleksi Sel Bakteri Dari Minyak Bumi Sebagai Molekul Pengenal Dalam Biosensor Benzena Alfiah Alif; Dyah Iswantini; Henny Purwaningsih; Novik Nurhidayat; Amalyah Febryanti
Al-Kimia Vol 9 No 2 (2021): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v9i2.24378

Benzene is one of the harmful compounds which can affect both healthcare and environmental quality. Conventionally the effort of detecting this compound still requires several sample pre-treatments, contributing to a long analysis time and sophisticated instrumentation. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the potency of bacteria as the bioreceptor for detecting benzene electrochemically. The bacteria isolate was immobilized on the working electrode surface. Four bacteria isolates from the petroleum sample were evaluated. The results showed that isolate II produced high oxidation and reduction peak currents as much as 150 µA and -490 µA respectively. The selected bacteria showed characteristics to Pseudomonas sp. physiologically. Since the bacteria can degrade benzene, thus hypothetically it can produce benzene dioxygenase. Through the catechol formation, 3 mM benzene produced 108.7 µA after 11.4 s from the starting scan. This result suggested that the excreted enzyme from the selected bacteria could react with benzene enzymatically.

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.) NOOR ROUFIQ AHMADI; DJUMALI MANGUNWIDJAJA; ONO SUPARNO; DYAH ISWANTINI P.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.163-168

ABSTRAKIndonesia terkenal kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, termasukjenis tumbuhan yang mengandung bahan aktif insektisida. Tanamankamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yangbanyak terdapat di wilayah Indonesia dan telah dimanfaatkan sebagaiinsektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristikfisiko-kimia minyak kamandrah pada berbagai tingkat kematangan sebagailarvasida nabati terhadap larva nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (A.aegypti). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Sukabumi, Balai BesarLitbang Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor, Insektarium LaboratoriumParasitologi dan Entomologi Kesehatan FKH IPB Bogor, dan Biofarmaka-LPPM IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2010. Minyakkamandrah diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pengempa hidrolikpada suhu 65 o C dan tekanan 7,9 MPa pada buah kamandrah dengan tigatingkat kematangan yang berbeda: warna kulit buah hijau kecokelatan,cokelat kehijauan, dan cokelat penuh. Minyak yang diperoleh selanjutnyadianalisis bilangan asam, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida,indeks bias, berat jenis, dan nilai warna minyak, serta uji larvasidaterhadap larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar III. Penentuan nilai lethalconcentration (LC) dilakukan dengan metode probit analisis (FinneyMethod). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai LC,rendemen, dan mutu minyaknya, buah kamandrah yang berwarna kulitcokelat penuh lebih berpotensi sebagai larvasida nabati terhadap larva A.aegypti. Rendemen minyak kamandrah 20,42% dan nilai LC 50 adalah132,67 ppm (24 jam) dan 70,08 ppm (48 jam). Minyak tersebut memilikibilangan asam 8,76 mg KOH/g minyak; kadar asam lemak bebas 4,36 mgKOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 3,59 meq O/100g minyak; indeks bias1,4783; bobot jenis 0,9466 g/ml; dan warna meliputi nilai L* 73,03; a*3,26; dan b* 64,13. Minyak kamandrah berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkansebagai larvasida nabati dalam pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD.Kata kunci : Croton tiglium L., kematangan buah, minyak kamandrah,larvasidaABSTRACTEffect of Maturity Level of Fruits on Larvicidal Activityand Physico-Chemical Properties of Kamandrah (Crotontiglium L.) OilIndonesia is famously rich in biodiversity, including species of plants thatcontain active ingredient for insecticide. Kamandrah plant (Croton tigliumL.) is one of many medicinal plants found in parts of Indonesia and it hasbeen used as an insecticidal plant. The objectives this research were todetermine the physico-chemical characteristics and larvasidal activities ofoil extracted from kamandrah seeds with varying levels of maturity asbotanical larvicide for mosquito dengue fever. The expreriments wereconducted in the Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and Industrial CropsResearch Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi, Indonesian Center for AgriculturalPostharvest Research and Development (ICAPRD), InsectariumLaboratory of Health Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinaryof Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), and Biopharmaca IPB Bogor,from February to December 2010. The oil was obtained through extractionusing hydraulic pressurer at 65 o C temperatures and 7.9 MPa pressures ofkamandrah fruits with three different maturity levels : brownish green,greenish brown, and fully brown color of fruit skins. Oil gained was thenanalyzed its acid number, free fatty acid content, peroxides number,refractive index, specific gravity, and oil color values, as well as the oillarvasida test against mosquito larvae A. aegypti instar III. Determinationthe oil lethal concentration (LC) values was tested using probit analysismethod (Finney Method). The results showed that based on the values ofLC, content, and quality of the oil, full-brown colored kamandrah fruits aremore potential as larvivida against A. aegypti larvae. Oil content of thekamandrah was 20.42% while LC 50 values were 132.67 ppm (at 24 hours)and 70.08 ppm (at 48 hours). The acid number of the oil was 8.76 mgKOH/g oil; free fatty acid level of 4.36 mg KOH/g oil; peroxide number of3.59 meq O/100 g oil, refractive index of 1.4783; density of 0.9466 g/ml;and the color values were 73.03, 3.26, and 64.13 for L*, a*, and b*,respectively. Therefore, kamandrah oil is very potential to be used aslarvicide for controling the vector of dengue disease.Key words: Croton tiglium L., fruit maturity, kamandrah oil, larvicide

FORMULASI LARVASIDA NABATI BERBASIS MINYAK BIJI KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.) TERSTANDAR SEBAGAI PENCEGAH PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE Evul Winoto; Dyah Iswantini; Irmanida Batubara; Upik Kesumawati Hadi
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 24, No 2 (2013): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v24n2.2013.%p

ABSTRAKKamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak terdapat di Kalimantan. Biji kamandrah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat pencahar, racun ikan, dan pembunuh jentik nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula minyak biji kamandrah untuk larvasida nabati yang efektif, aman dan mendapatkan minyak kamandrah terstandar sebagai bahan baku larvasida nabati. Analisis fisiko kimia minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya di Sukabumi memberikan hasil kadar air 0,33%, keasaman 0,09%, viskositas 4,1 cP, berat jenis 0,9425 g ml-1, indeks bias 1,4788 serta kadar asam lemak bebas 1,65%. Hasil uji ini lebih baik dibanding dengan tanpa budidaya dari Kalimantan dan Sukabumi. Uji menggunakan spektrofotometri menunjukkan kandungan piperine minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi sebesar 0,046%; tanpa budidaya dari Sukabumi dan Kalimantan masing-masing 0,043% dan 0,037%. Kandungan piperine berpengaruh terhadap hasil uji efikasi larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III, nilai LC50 pengamatan 24 jam minyak kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi sebesar 114,4 ppm, minyak kamandrah tanpa budidaya dari Sukabumi dan Kalimantan masing-masing 125,2 dan 212,9 ppm. Formulasi larvasida metode granulasi basah terhadap minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi menunjukkan, kandungan minyak kamandrah 15% dengan emulsifier gom arab memberikan hasil paling efektif dengan nilai LC50 24 jam sebesar 210,01 ppm. Uji stabilitas formula larvasida nabati minyak biji kamandrah yang disimpan pada temperatur 30, 40 dan 50oC selama 28 hari menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan fisik pada granul. Selama penyimpanan terjadi peningkatan kandungan piperine dalam formula larvasida antara 0,6-234%. Uji durabilitas formula larvasida terhadap larva A. aegypti menunjukkan penurunan potensi larvasida sampai di bawah 50% pada hari ke 12 setelah aplikasi.

Glucose Biosensor Using Selected Indonesian Bacteria DYAH ISWANTINI; NOVIK NOVIK; . TRIVADILA
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Microbial glucose sensors have been developed using Escherichia coli bacterial strains from Japan. However, there is interest in developing local bacteria as glucose sensors in Indonesia. In this research, the stability and the potential of a selected number of Indonesian bacteria as glucose biosensors was explored. Results of this study indicate that three of them, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Thermus filiformis exhibit properties of high viability and stability at high temperature (30-60 ºC). Spectrophotometrical and electrochemical measurements showed significant absorbance values and highly stable current features for E. coli as indicated by its high capacity to produce glucose dehydrogenase. E. coli, B. subtilis, and T. filiformis produced currents of 3.25 µA, 0.2 µA, and 0.02 µA respectively, and E. coli also produced a much higher activity of glucose dehydrogenase. Electrochemical measurement using E. coli-modified carbon paste electrode allowed the determination of glucose concentration of up to 20 mM. Therefore, Indonesian E. coli has a high stability and can be used as a glucose biosensor

Voltammetric Detection of Uric Acid at Screen Printed Electrode: A Review Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Dyah Iswantini Pradono; Selvitia Ulandari
Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta) Volume 14, No 2: December 2021
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Uric acid is a compound produced from purine metabolism. The excess amount of these compounds could causes diseases in the body. Effective and practical methods are needed for early detection of uric acid. Technically, uric acid could be detected using enzymes (enzymatic) and without enzymes (non-enzymatic). Several methods have already reported for uric acid detection in biological samples, including fluorimetry, colorimetry, liquid chromatography, flow injection analysis, chemiluninescence, and electrochemical detection. Among electrochemical detection methods, voltammetry is one of the most prospective for uric acid detection. This review covers the approach of uric acid detection including enzymatic and nonenzymatic approach, several voltametric technique for uric acid detection, and screen printed and modified electrode as platform for uric acid detection. Analytical performance such as linear range, sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of uric acid detection using various voltametric method and at different platform were also highlighted.

Essential Oil Components, Metabolite Profiles, and Idioblast Cell Densities in Galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) at Different Agroecology Subaryanti Subaryanti; Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih; Dyah Iswantini; Triadiati Triadiati
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 43, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v43i2.2631

Galangal is widely cultivated for the multifunctional plant. This study analyzed the essential oil chemical components, metabolite profiles, and idioblast cell densities in seven galangal accession grown at two different altitudes (locations A and B). The galangal accessions included: Purbalingga, Cilacap, Purworejo, Karanganyar, Pacitan, Madiun, and Galesia 2 which was used as the control. The results showed that the highest essential oil content was obtained from MAD (3.22%) at location A. The highest levels of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) were obtained from PBG (74.8%) at location B and PCT (71.6%) at location A. The metabolite profiles of the galangal rhizomes were divided into two clusters based on the metabolite content. The first cluster had one accession: PCT from location A with genkwanin as the metabolite marker. The second cluster consisted of CLP from location A and PBG, MAD, and GAL2 from location B. The highest density of idioblast cells was found in PCT (90.5 cells/mm2) at location A and PBG accessions (77.1 cells/mm2) at location B. The PBG and PCT accessions can be recommended as a candidate of superior varieties based on their high EPMC content.

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.) NOOR ROUFIQ AHMADI; DJUMALI MANGUNWIDJAJA; ONO SUPARNO; DYAH ISWANTINI P.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.163-168

ABSTRAKIndonesia terkenal kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, termasukjenis tumbuhan yang mengandung bahan aktif insektisida. Tanamankamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yangbanyak terdapat di wilayah Indonesia dan telah dimanfaatkan sebagaiinsektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristikfisiko-kimia minyak kamandrah pada berbagai tingkat kematangan sebagailarvasida nabati terhadap larva nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (A.aegypti). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Sukabumi, Balai BesarLitbang Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor, Insektarium LaboratoriumParasitologi dan Entomologi Kesehatan FKH IPB Bogor, dan Biofarmaka-LPPM IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2010. Minyakkamandrah diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pengempa hidrolikpada suhu 65 o C dan tekanan 7,9 MPa pada buah kamandrah dengan tigatingkat kematangan yang berbeda: warna kulit buah hijau kecokelatan,cokelat kehijauan, dan cokelat penuh. Minyak yang diperoleh selanjutnyadianalisis bilangan asam, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida,indeks bias, berat jenis, dan nilai warna minyak, serta uji larvasidaterhadap larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar III. Penentuan nilai lethalconcentration (LC) dilakukan dengan metode probit analisis (FinneyMethod). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai LC,rendemen, dan mutu minyaknya, buah kamandrah yang berwarna kulitcokelat penuh lebih berpotensi sebagai larvasida nabati terhadap larva A.aegypti. Rendemen minyak kamandrah 20,42% dan nilai LC 50 adalah132,67 ppm (24 jam) dan 70,08 ppm (48 jam). Minyak tersebut memilikibilangan asam 8,76 mg KOH/g minyak; kadar asam lemak bebas 4,36 mgKOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 3,59 meq O/100g minyak; indeks bias1,4783; bobot jenis 0,9466 g/ml; dan warna meliputi nilai L* 73,03; a*3,26; dan b* 64,13. Minyak kamandrah berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkansebagai larvasida nabati dalam pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD.Kata kunci : Croton tiglium L., kematangan buah, minyak kamandrah,larvasidaABSTRACTEffect of Maturity Level of Fruits on Larvicidal Activityand Physico-Chemical Properties of Kamandrah (Crotontiglium L.) OilIndonesia is famously rich in biodiversity, including species of plants thatcontain active ingredient for insecticide. Kamandrah plant (Croton tigliumL.) is one of many medicinal plants found in parts of Indonesia and it hasbeen used as an insecticidal plant. The objectives this research were todetermine the physico-chemical characteristics and larvasidal activities ofoil extracted from kamandrah seeds with varying levels of maturity asbotanical larvicide for mosquito dengue fever. The expreriments wereconducted in the Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and Industrial CropsResearch Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi, Indonesian Center for AgriculturalPostharvest Research and Development (ICAPRD), InsectariumLaboratory of Health Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinaryof Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), and Biopharmaca IPB Bogor,from February to December 2010. The oil was obtained through extractionusing hydraulic pressurer at 65 o C temperatures and 7.9 MPa pressures ofkamandrah fruits with three different maturity levels : brownish green,greenish brown, and fully brown color of fruit skins. Oil gained was thenanalyzed its acid number, free fatty acid content, peroxides number,refractive index, specific gravity, and oil color values, as well as the oillarvasida test against mosquito larvae A. aegypti instar III. Determinationthe oil lethal concentration (LC) values was tested using probit analysismethod (Finney Method). The results showed that based on the values ofLC, content, and quality of the oil, full-brown colored kamandrah fruits aremore potential as larvivida against A. aegypti larvae. Oil content of thekamandrah was 20.42% while LC 50 values were 132.67 ppm (at 24 hours)and 70.08 ppm (at 48 hours). The acid number of the oil was 8.76 mgKOH/g oil; free fatty acid level of 4.36 mg KOH/g oil; peroxide number of3.59 meq O/100 g oil, refractive index of 1.4783; density of 0.9466 g/ml;and the color values were 73.03, 3.26, and 64.13 for L*, a*, and b*,respectively. Therefore, kamandrah oil is very potential to be used aslarvicide for controling the vector of dengue disease.Key words: Croton tiglium L., fruit maturity, kamandrah oil, larvicide

FORMULASI LARVASIDA NABATI BERBASIS MINYAK BIJI KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.) TERSTANDAR SEBAGAI PENCEGAH PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE Evul Winoto; Dyah Iswantini; Irmanida Batubara; Upik Kesumawati Hadi
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 24, No 2 (2013): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v24n2.2013.%p

ABSTRAKKamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak terdapat di Kalimantan. Biji kamandrah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat pencahar, racun ikan, dan pembunuh jentik nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula minyak biji kamandrah untuk larvasida nabati yang efektif, aman dan mendapatkan minyak kamandrah terstandar sebagai bahan baku larvasida nabati. Analisis fisiko kimia minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya di Sukabumi memberikan hasil kadar air 0,33%, keasaman 0,09%, viskositas 4,1 cP, berat jenis 0,9425 g ml-1, indeks bias 1,4788 serta kadar asam lemak bebas 1,65%. Hasil uji ini lebih baik dibanding dengan tanpa budidaya dari Kalimantan dan Sukabumi. Uji menggunakan spektrofotometri menunjukkan kandungan piperine minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi sebesar 0,046%; tanpa budidaya dari Sukabumi dan Kalimantan masing-masing 0,043% dan 0,037%. Kandungan piperine berpengaruh terhadap hasil uji efikasi larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III, nilai LC50 pengamatan 24 jam minyak kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi sebesar 114,4 ppm, minyak kamandrah tanpa budidaya dari Sukabumi dan Kalimantan masing-masing 125,2 dan 212,9 ppm. Formulasi larvasida metode granulasi basah terhadap minyak biji kamandrah hasil budidaya Sukabumi menunjukkan, kandungan minyak kamandrah 15% dengan emulsifier gom arab memberikan hasil paling efektif dengan nilai LC50 24 jam sebesar 210,01 ppm. Uji stabilitas formula larvasida nabati minyak biji kamandrah yang disimpan pada temperatur 30, 40 dan 50oC selama 28 hari menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan fisik pada granul. Selama penyimpanan terjadi peningkatan kandungan piperine dalam formula larvasida antara 0,6-234%. Uji durabilitas formula larvasida terhadap larva A. aegypti menunjukkan penurunan potensi larvasida sampai di bawah 50% pada hari ke 12 setelah aplikasi.

Inhibition Kinetics of Sida rhombifolia L. Extract Toward Xanthine Oxidase by Electrochemical Method Dyah Iswantini; Muammar Yulian; Sri Mulijani; Trivadila Trivadila
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sida rhombifolia L. is a traditional medicinal plant that has been known with potential as antigout. The previous research suggested that flavonoids crude extract of S. rhombifolia had an inhibitory activity toward xanthine oxidase by 71% and a spectrophotometric measurement showed that the type of flavonoids crude extract inhibition was a competitive inhibition. The purpose of the research was to investigate the type of inhibition kinetic of S. Rhombifolia’s ethanol extract by electrochemical method and to compare the measurements of linearity and sensitivity between spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the yield of S. Rhombifolia’s ethanol extract was 9.82% with the inhibitory activity ranging from 13.64% to 82.69% (5.00-200 mg L-1) and IC50 value was 91.15±5.74 mg L-1. Allopurinol as a control showed the inhibitory activity of 15.26-70.95% (0.10-4.00 mg L-1) and IC50 value was 2.45±2.21 mg L-1. Inhibition kinetics of the ethanol extract caused a KM increase and unchange of VMAX. Based on the data, the type of inhibition kinetics was a competitive inhibition, with an inhibitor affinity (α) value of 3.18. Linearity of xanthine oxidase activity assay by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods showed the range of 0.01-1.00 mM (R2 = 0.978) and 0.05-0.70 mM (R2 = 0.977) respectively. The sensitivity of electrochemical method was reported higher (0.95 μA mM-1) than the spectrophotometric method (0.007 min-1).

IN VITRO INHIBITION OF CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) EXTRACT ON THE ACTIVITY OF XANTHINE OXIDASE AND DETERMINATION OF ITS ACTIVE COMPOUND Dyah Iswantini; Tuti Hayati Ramdhani; Latifah K Darusman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of celery extracts toward xanthine oxidase by in vitro method, and its active compounds. Roots and herb of celery were extracted using water and ethanol solvents. Results indicated that the herbal ethanol extract had the highest inhibition effect (91.40%) at 1400 ppm. The components contained in the herbal ethanol extract were then separated by column chromatography using the best eluent (chloroform : ethyl acetate at 7:3). All of the fractions had inhibition effect greater than 50%. The fraction number 4 was the one with the highest inhibition effect followed by fraction 5 with inhibition percentage of both fractions at 200 ppm were 88.62 and 85.44%, respectively. The analysis of the ultraviolet spectrum of fraction 4 showed the presence of π-π* transition which was resulted by the aromatic C=C, -OH, and C-O chromophores, and also showing the n-σ* transition which was given by -C=O chromophore. The infrared spectrum analysis indicated the presence of aromatic -C=C, -OH, and C=O functional groups. Based on the phytochemical assay and both instrumental spectrums, it was thought that the active compounds of fraction 4 and 5 were in the flavonoid group.

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