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Purwoko Purwoko
Pusat Pengembangan Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka, BATAN, Serpong.
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SINTESA 1,2-BIS(FOSFINO) ETANA UNTUK PREPARASI TETROFOSMIN DAN SENYAWA TURUNANNYA Purwoko, Purwoko; Pardede, Ratlan; Maskur, Maskur; Mutalib, Abdul; Hashimoto, K.
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 9 (2006): jurnal PRR 2006
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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SINTESA 1,2-BIS(FOSFINO) ETANA UNTUK PREPARASI TETROFOSMIN DAN SENYAWA TURUNANNYA. Senyawa 1,2-bis (fosfino)etana adalah senyawa khelat bidentat sederhana dengan atom fosfor sebagai donor ligan. Telah dilakukan sintesa 1.2bis(fosfino)etana melalui dua tahap: reaksi trietil fosfit dengan 1,2 dibromo etana didapat senyawa tetra etil etilen difosfonat (fosforan), reduksi fosforan dengan LiAlH4 diperoleh senyawa fosfin 1.2- bis(fosfino)etana. Analisa hasil dari setiap tahap reaksi dilakukan dengan mengamati spektrum infra merah, spektrum massa serta kromatografi cairan dan telah diperoleh hasil senyawa fosfin 1,2 bis-(fosfino) etana sebagai starting material dalam sintesa tetrofosmin dan senyawa turunannya dengan kemurnian lebih 98 % dan rendemen sebesar 34%. Kata kunci: 1,2-bis (fosfino)etana, khelat bidentat, sintesa SYNTHESIS OF 1.2-BIS(PHOSPHINO)ETHANE FOR PREPARATION OF TETROFOSMINE AND DEREVATIVES. 1.2-bis(phosphino)ethane is a simple chelate bidentate based on phosphorous as a donor ligands . The 1.2-bis(phosphino)ethane was synthesized through two steps reaction: triethyl phosphite was coupled with dibromo ethane to give tetra ethyl ethylene diphosphonate (phosphorane), the reduction of phosphorane by LiAlH4 gave the phosphine compound 1.2-bis(fosfino)etana. Investigation of the product every steps reaction by observing infra red spectra, as well as mass spectrometric and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the product was pure phosphine 1,2 bis-(phosphino) ethane as starting material in the synthesis of tetrofosmine and derivatives, the purity more than 98% and yield was around 34 %. Key words: 1.2-bis(phosphino)ethane, chelate bidentate, synthesis.
SINTESA DAN PENANDAAN SENYAWA 5’-O-(4,4’-DIMETOKSITRITIL)- 2,3-ANHIDROTIMIDIN UNTUK PREPARASI RADIOFARMAKA [ 18 F]FLT Purwoko, Purwoko; Maskur, Maskur; Chaeruman, Chaeruman; Sugiarto, Yono
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 16, No 1 (2013): JURNAL PRR 2013
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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ABSTRAKSINTESA DAN PENANDAAN SENYAWA 5’-O-(4-4’-DIMETOKSITRITIL)-2,3-ANHIDROTIMIDIN UNTUK PREPARASI RADIOFARMAKA [18F]FLTTelah diketahui bahwasenyawa 3'-deoksi-3'- [18F] Florotimidin  atau [18F]FLT adalah radiofarmaka turunan timidin yangdigunakan untuk deteksi kanker berdasar pada metabolisme DNA. Telah dilakukan kegiatan penelitiantentang sintesa dan penandaan senyawa prekursor 5'-O-(4,4'-dimetoksitritil)-2,3' anhidrotimidin untukpreparasi radiofarmaka [18F]FLT. Sintesa dan penandaan prekursor dilakukan sesuai metoda literatur  dantelah diperoleh produk berupa kristal hablur  84,37 mg (yield  32,4 %) dengan kemurnian kimia lebih dari95 % (HPLC). Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan mengamati hasil pengujian liquid chromatography-massspectrometry LC/MS dan  penentuan1H-NMR,  menunjukkan bahwa produk 5'-O-(4,4'-dimetoksitritil)-2,3' anhidrotimidin dari hasil sintesa tidak berbeda jauh dengan hasil yang diperoleh dari literatur. Penandaansenyawa prekursor dilakukan melalui reaksi florinasi nukleofilik menggunakan18Florida pada suhu 1600Cselama 15 menit dengan katalisator kriptofix 2.2.2, dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisa menggunakan HCl padasuhu 1000C selama 10 menit, kemudian dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Pemurnian [18F]FLT terhadap pengotordilakukan dengan kartrid tunggal Alumina-N sebagai pengganti pemurnian dengan HPLC. Pengujiankualitas [18F]FLT yang dilakukan meliputi kejernihan larutan, pH dan kemurnian radiokimia.Hasilpengujian terhadap empat kali percobaan penandaan menunjukkan bahwa telah  diperoleh senyawa [18F]FLTberupa  larutan jernih tak berwarna dengan pH antara 6,0 – 7,5, kemurnian radiokimia 97,93 ± 1,48 %dengan perolehan 8,18 ± 1,54 % (tanpa koreksi waktu peluruhan) dan waktu proses penandaan selama 73 ± 4menit.Kata kunci : Sintesa - Radiofarmaka - [18F]FLT - Deteksi- KankerABSTRACTSYNTHESIS AND LABELING 5'-O-(4-4'-DIMETOXYTRITYL) -2,3-ANHIDROTHYMIDINE  FORPREPARATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL [18F]FLT.It is has been known that the compoundof 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F] Fluorothymidine or [18F] FLT is a thymidine derivative radiopharmaceutical used forcancer detection based on DNA metabolism. Synthesis and labeling of 5'-O-(4,4 '-dimetoxytrityl) -2,3'anhidrothymidine precursor for preparation of the radiopharmaceutical [18F]FLT was carried out. Theprecursor was synthesized in similar manner and procedure literature and it have been obtained a crystallineproduct with total yield of 32,4 %. The chemical purity of the product which determined by HPLC wasfound to be more than 95%. Characterization of the product was done by observing the results of the LC /MS and1H-NMR test, the resulted data were found to be very closed to those reported in the literature.Labeling of the precursor was done by nucleophilic fluorination reactions using18Fluoride at 1600C for 15minutes with kryptofix 2.2.2 catalyst followed hydrolysis using HCl at 1000C for 10 minutes and thenneutralized with NaOH. Purification [18F]FLT was performed by single cartridge Alumina-N as a substituteHPLC methods. The results have been obtained a label compound [18F]FLT with high purity as a bulk forpreparation of the radiopharmaceutical [18F]FLT. The label compound of [18F]FLT undergone a quality testwhich included a clarity, pH and a radiochemical purity. The results of quality control on four batches of[18F]FLT showed that these products were colorless clear solution with pH between 6.0-7.5, andradiochemical purity 97.93 ± 1,48% and showed that the label compounds have been obtained [18F]FLTfree particles form a clear solution with a pH between 6,0 - 7,5, radiochemical purity of 97.93 ± 1,48 %,radiochemical yields 8.18 ± 1.54% (decay uncorrected ) and processing time 73 ± 4 minutes.Keywords: Synthesis - Radiofarmaka - [18F]FLT - Detection-CancerSintesa dan Penandaan Senyawa 5’-O-(4,4’-Dimetoksitritil)- 2,3-Anhidrotimidin untuk Preparasi Radiofarmaka [1
EVALUASI PEMBUATAN l31I-MIBG RADIOFARMAKA DIAGNOSA DAN TERAPI NEUROBLASTOMA Astuti, Laksmi Andri; Purwoko, Purwoko; Setyowati, Sri; Maskur, Maskur; Ardianto, Cahya Nova; Gunawan, Adang Hardi
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 15, No 2 (2012): JURNAL PRR 2012
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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ABSTRAKEVALUASI PEMBUATAN 13tI-MIBG SEBAGAI RADIOFARMAKA DIAGNOSA DANTERAPI NEUROBLASTOMA.Telah dilakukan evaluasi pembuatan 1311-MIBGsebagai radiofarmakadiagnosa dan terapi neuroblastoma. Preparasi 13t1_MIBGdilakukan dengan cara menandai MIBG hasilsintesa dengan radionuklida 1311,hasil penandaan dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapis tipislkromatografikertas untuk mengetahui kemumian radiokimianya. Uji stabilitas 1311-MIBGmeliputi uji stabilitas sediaanpada plasma darah manusia, pada suhu kamar, serta pada suhu pendingin (8°C). Hasil sintesis MffiG yangtelah dilakukan sebelumnya menunjukkan kemumian kimia > 95 %, penandaan MIBG dengan 1-131 telahdilakukan dengan kemumian radiokimia > 95%. Hasil pengamatan uji stabilitas 1311_MffiGpOOasuhukamar menunjukkan bahwa sediaan stabil pada suhu kamar sampai 120 jam. Pada plasma darah manusiastabil sampai 141jam, sedangkan pada suhu pendingin kulkas (8°C) sediaan stabil141 jam. Hasil penandaandari tahun 2011-2012 menunjukkan bahwa sediaan radiofarmaka 1311MIBG berupa larutan jemih takberwarna, pH antara 5,5-7,0, steril dan bebas pirogen, kemumian radiokimia > 95 %, dan memenuhipersyaratan sebagai sediaan injeksi untuk digunakan dalam diagnosa maupun terapi neuroblastoma di rumahsakif.Kata kunci : radiofarmaka, 1-131,MIBG, neuroblastomaABSTRACTEVALUATION FOR PREPARATION OF 131I_MIBG FOR NEUROBLASTOMADIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY.Evaluation for preparation of l311-MIBG has been carried out.Production/preparation of 1311-MIBGwas carried out by labeling MIBG with 1-131.The radiochemical purityof 1311-MIBGwas analysed using TLC/paper chromatography. The stability testing in the fresh humanplasma, at room temperature and at 8°C was carried out . The chemical purity of synthesized MIBG wasfound to be > 95%. The radiochemical purity of l311-MIBGwas obtained at higher than 95 %. The labeledMIBG in fresh human plasma and at 8°C was stable up to 141 hours, while at room temperature was stableup to 120 hours.The results of labeling of l311-MlBG from 2011-2012 showed that these products werecolorless clear solution with pH between 5.5 -7.0, sterile and pyrogen-free, radiochemical purity> 95%. Thequality control results be met the requirements of l311-MlBG injection solution used for diagnosis andtherapy of neuroblastoma in hospital.Key-words: radiopharmaceutical, MIBG, 1-131,neuroblastoma57
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MEBROFENIN UNTUK PENYIDIK SISTEM HEPATOBILIARI Purwoko, Purwoko; Tamat, Swasono R.; Yunita, Fitri; Kristanti, Eti
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 6, No 2 (2003): Jurnal PRR 2003
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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ABSTRAKSINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MEBROFENIN UNTUK PENYIDIK SISTEM HEPATOBILIARI Mebrofenin bertanda Teknisium-99m adalah sediaan radiofrmaka yang mempunyai sifat ideal dan unggul untuk penyidikan dan uji fungsi hati dan empedu. Telah dilakukan penelitian sintesis dan karakterisasi  Mebrofenin (3-bromo-2,4,6- trimetil asetanilida iminodiasetat), yang merupakan senyawa turunan IDA, melalui tiga tahap reaksi yaitu etilasi senyawa 2,4,6 trimetil anilin untuk mendapatkan senyawa 2,4,6-trimetil khloro asetanilida, dilanjutkan brominasi sehingga diperoleh senyawa turunan bromotrimetil dan reaksi substitusi nukleofilik dengan asam Iminodiasetat (IDA) untuk menghasilkan mebrofenin. Reaksi asetilasi dan brominasi dilakukan dalam suasana asam asetat sedangkan reaksi substitusi dilakukan dengan cara refluks selama 5 jam dalam pelarut etanol dan air dengan pH 11. Pelarut etanol diuapkan melalui destilasi tekanan rendah, sisa larutan campuran kemudian disaring. Larutan filtrate dikondisikan menjadi pH 2-2,5 dan endapan mebrofenin yang diperoleh direkristalisasi 3 kali dengan etanol. Karakterisasi  terhadap mebrofenin dilakukan dengan pengamatan titik leleh (197-199°C), analisis spectrum ultra ungu, spektrum infra merah, spektrum ultra ungu, spectrum infra masa  dan kromatografi cair - HPLC. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa sintesis menghasilkan mebrofenin dengan kemumian tinggi dan dengan rendemen20%. ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZA ION OF MEBROFENIN FOR HEPATOBILLIARY IMAGING. Mebrofenin labeled with Technet um-99m is a new radiophannaceutical having superior and ideal characteristic as a hepatobilliary-imaging gent. The synthesis and characterization of Mebrofenin (3Bromo-2,4,6-trimethyl acetanilido imminodiac ic acid) as IDA derivative has been carried out involvingthree steps of reaction i.e. : acetyllization of 2,4 6-Trimethyl aniline to get 2,4,6-trimethyl chloro acetanilidewhich upon bromination gives the intermedi te bromotrimethyl derivative and fmally by nucleo phylicsubstitution this intermediate product with' nodiacetic acid (IDA) gives mebrofenin. The acetylation and bromination reactions were carried out in acetic acid condition while the substitution was carried out byreflux for 5 hours in ethanol and water adjusted it pH 11.  The ethanol was then removed under low pressure,and the unreacted compound was removed by tltration. The filtrate was adjusted to pH 2 - 2.5, and theresulting mebrofenin was isolated by filtration nd recrystallized 3 times in ethanol. Characterization of themebrofenin product was performed by observi g its melting point (l97-1990C), ultra violet and infra redspectra as well as mass spectrometric and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The results showed that the product was highly pure and the yield was around 20 %.  
PEMBUATAN RADIOFARMAKA PET 18F_FDG MENGGUNAKAN MODUL SINTESA OTOMATIK Purwoko, Purwoko; Chairuman, Chairuman; Gunawan, Adang Hardi; Tahyan, Yayan; Lestari, Eny; Lestiyowati, Sri Aguswarini; Karyadi, Karyadi; Bagiawati, Sri
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 13, No 2 (2010): Jurnal PRR 2010
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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ABSTRAKPEMBUATAN RADIOFARMAKA PET 18F_FDG MENGGUNAKAN MODUL SINTESAOTOMATIK.Radiofarmaka 2-(18F)Fluoro-2-deoksi-O-glukosa at au ISF(FOG) adalah radiofarmaka PET(Positron Emission Tomography) yang sangat penting untuk pencitraan lesi tumor. Oengan teknik PETmetabolisme glukosa dalam jaringan tumor di dalam tubuh dapat dibedakan dan diukur secara kuantitatifsehingga digunakan untuk diagnosa tingkat keganasan serta pemantauan pengobatan penyakit tumor ataukanker dalam bidang onkologi kedokteran. Telah dilakukan uji coba produksi 2-(lSF)Floro-2-deoksi-OglukosaISF_ FOG menggunakan perangkat modul sintesa otomatik TRACERlab MX. Perangkat modul inimemberikan kemudahan dalam sintesa rutin radiofarmaka lsF_FOG yang didasarkan pad a reaksi tlorinasinukleofilik terhadap prekursor manosa tritlat dengan katalisator kriptofik. Perolehan yield radiokimia lSF(FOG) mencapai 53,895% (tanpa koreksi waktu peluruhan) dalam waktu 40 men it, produk berupa larutanjernih tak berwarna pH : 6, steril dan bebas pirogen, kadar pengotor kriptofix sangat rendah dan kemurnianradiokimia 99,595 %.Kata kunci: PET, radiofarmaka,PRODUCTION OF PET RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL 18F_FDG USING SYNTHESIZERAUTOMATIC MODUL.Radiopharmaceutical 2-esF)Fluoro-2-0eoxy-O-Glukose or IsF(FOG) is animportant PET (Positron Emission Tomography) radiopharmaceutical for tumour imaging. In the PETtechnique glucose metabolism in tumour tissues can be determined quantitatively and used for diagnosisstaging and monitoring of treatment tumour or cancer disease in medical oncology. The production of 2eSF)Fluoro-2-0eoxy-O-Glucose ISF -FOG using compact automated system module TRACERlab MXhas been carried out. The modular setup of the apparatus permits reliable for routine synthesis ofradiopharmaceuticals lSF -FOG based on kriptofix mediated nucleophilic tluorination to mannose tritlateprecursor. Radiochemical yield of IsF-FOG was 53.895 % (decay time uncorrected) in 40 minutes. Theproduct showed that the colorless and clear solution at pH:6, sterile and pirogen free, kriptofix impuritieswas low and radiochemical purity was 99.595%.Keywords: PET, radiopharmaceutical, FOG
UJI BIODISTRIBUSI DAN UJI PREKLINIS MIKROSFER GELAS-P-32 UNTUK PENGOBATAN KANKER Astuti, Laksmi Andri; Caniago, Djoharly; Pardede, Ratlan; Widjaksana, Widyastuti; Purwoko, Purwoko; Bagiawati, Sri; Setiyowati, Sri; Abidin, Abidin; Aguswarini, Sri
Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka Vol 6, No 2 (2003): Jurnal PRR 2003
Publisher : Jurnal Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka

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ABSTRAKUJI BIODISTRIBUSI DAN UJI PREKLINIS MIKROSFER GELAS-P-32 UNTUK PENGOBATAN KANKER.Radiofarmaka telah  menunjukkan  manfaat lebih unggul dan spesiflk biladibandingkan dengan teknik pelayanan kesehatan lain, terutama untuk keperIuan diagnosis dan terapi beberapa penyakit  mematikan seperti kanker. Mikrosfer gelas-P-32 ( P-32 GMS ) adalah  salah  satu sediaan  baru  radiofarmaka untuk terapi  dengan cara  radiasi  interna beberapa penyakit  kanker ganas  seperti  penyakit  kanker  hati. Mikrosfer  gelas-P-32 ini  disiapkan  dengan  cara  mengira diasikan mikrosfer gelas-P31dengan neutron di reaktor nuklir, kemudian sediaan disuntikkan ke daerah yang terkena kanker Untukmemudahkan  penyuntikan  pada  sediaan  ini  perlu ditambahkan larutan pensuspensi, yaitu campuran dari PVP 16 %, dekstrose 50% dan salin. Mengingat ukuran mikrosfer ini spesiflk yaitu 40-60 J.Ull  maka pemilihan jamm suntik perIu dilakukan agar P-32 GMS yang diinjeksikan maksirnal bisa masuk ke daerah sasaran, dan mikrosfer tidak mengalami kerusakan karena gesekan dengan permukaan dalam  jarum. Ujibiodistribusi perIu dilakukan untuk melihat apakah P-32 GMS yang telah diinjeksikan terak1.lmulasike daerah penyuntikan  atau  terdistribusi  ke organ - organ lain yang  tidak dikehendaki, Hewan percobaan yang dipakai  adalah  mencit dengan penyuntikan dilakukan  pada otot  paha  kanan. Hasil biodistribusi pada I, 3dan  24 jam  setelah  injeksi  menunjukkan 100% aktivitas P-32 GMS terakumulasi di daerah penyuntikan.Hasil biodistribusi pada 5 jam setelah penyuntikan menunjukkan adanya penimbunan  aktivitas di organ lambung selain penimbunan aktivitas di daerah penyuntikan, namun hal ini diduga karena terjadi kontaminasi akibat kesalahan kerja .Kata Kunci : Radiofarmaka, , Mikrosfer gelas, P-32,  iradiasi, uji biodistribusi , kanker. ABSTRACTBIODISTRIBUTION AND PRECLINICAL TEST OF P-32 GLASS MICROSPHERESFOR CANCER THERAPY. The superiority of  radiophannaceutical compare to the  other  techniques off medical services, especially for diagnosis and  therapy  of  several deadly diseases such as cancer, shows that this technique is more specific and accurate. P-32-Glass microsphere (P-32 GMS) is one of theradiophannaceuticals developed reccntly for therapy using  interrnal  radiation  method  for several malignant cancers, such as hepatic canccr. 111cP-32 GMS was prcpared by irradiating P-31 GMS with neutron at a nuclear reactor, then the preparation was injected to the cancerous infected  area. To make easy  injection, it needs suspension agent that was including PVP, dextrose and saline with a composition of 16% PVP - 50%dextrose - saline as 2 : 3 : 3 (v/v/v). As microsphere size should be maintained at 40-60 11m, the injectionneedle was selected properly in order to remain the particle size of P-32 GMS unchanged  when  the frictionoccurs between microspheres and the inside surfaces of the needle. The injection  needle  used  was needle produced  by BD with a typical size of 20 GI Tw. Biodistribution  studies were carried out after I, 3, 5 and24 hour of injection. Experimental results  for 1, 3 and 24 hour post -injection studies showed  that 100%activity of  P-32 GMS was accumulated  at  the  injected  area. For 5 hour post-injection study, accumulation of  P-32 GMS activity was also found at stomach besides the injected area, but it was presured as working error. Keywords: Radiophannaceutical , glass microspheres ,P-32,  biodistribution, , cancer.    
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL HARMONY, SELF-RENEWAL, COMMUNITY, AND HEDONISM ON THE SATISFACTION OF RAFTING ADVENTURE TOURISM PRODUCT CONSUMERS Setiawan, Zunan; Purwoko, Purwoko; Fikri, Muhammad Ali; Sulistyo, Beni Agus
Manajemen Bisnis Vol 9, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Department of Management

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Abstract

This research examines the relationship of factors influencing consumer satisfaction namely natural harmony, self-renewal, community, and hedonism towards adventure tourism products. The research used multiple regression analysis to test the factors that influence consumer satisfaction on adventure tourism products. The respondents were 412 people who had taken adventure tours in groups in Yogyakarta and West Java last year. The characteristics of the participants were dominated by men with the age range of 18-50 years, and the occupational background were students and employees. The result of this research revealed that natural harmony, self-renewal, community, and hedonism were positive factors that had a significant influence on customer satisfaction toward rafting adventure tourism products. The research suggestions and implications are also discussed in this research.
KARAKTERISASI DIETARY FIBER DAN SIRUP GULA HASIL KONVERSI ONGGOK MELALUI PERLAKUAN ASAM DAN PANAS Pramana, Yanuar Sigit; Sunarti, Titi Candra; Purwoko, Purwoko
EDUFORTECH Vol 3, No 2
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Teknologi Agroindustri, UPI (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/edufortech.v3i2.13581

Abstract

Ketersediaan onggok yang melimpah di Indonesia serta tingginya kandungan pati dan serat merupakan potensi onggok yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Proses konversi onggok menjadi dietary fiber dan sirup gula dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah secara signifikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik produk dietary fiber dan sirup gula yang dihasilkan dari proses konversi onggok, serta mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel dietary fiber terhadap karakteristik sifat fisikokimianya. Konversi onggok dilakukan dengan perlakuan asam dan panas. Dietary fiber yang dihasilkan mempunyai komposisi kimia yang terdiri dari total dietary fiber 96-97%, kadar pati 2,7%, kadar abu 1,3% serta nilai water holding capacity 10,68-11,52 g/g dan oil holding capacity 3,44-3,72 g/g. Semakin kecil ukuran partikel dietary fiber, semakin besar nilai water holding capacity dan oil holding capacity. Sirup gula yang dihasilkan mempunyai reducing sugar 5,6%,total sugar 18,7%, dextrose equivalent 30 dan derajat polimerisasi 3,32. Jenis gula yang dihasilkan terdiri dari dekstrin 7,2%, maltosa 2,43%, glukosa 5,24%, dan arabinosa 0,79%. Dietary fiber yang dihasilkan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai pangan fungsional aditif dalam industri pangan (roti, sosis, dan pengganti lemak), sedangkan sirup gula dapat diaplikasikan untuk industri confectionary
Pengembangan Model Pendidikan Karakter Religius dan Disiplin di SMP IT Nurul Islam Tengaran Tahun 2019 Purwoko, Purwoko
Attractive : Innovative Education Journal Vol 2 No 1 (2020): Attractive : Innovative Education Journal
Publisher : CV. Creative Tugu Pena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51278/aj.v2i1.29

Abstract

This article was to find out and develop the model of character education, specially discipline and religious characters. The background of this research was the implementation of religious character wasn’t maximal yet and the students discipline level was still low. So, the solution to resolve this problem is when the implementation of religious and discipline character is truly realized maximally. The subjects or the respondents of this research were teachers and the supervisors of dormitory at SMPIT Nurul Islam Tengaran. This article used R&D (Research and Developmen). The result of data analysis qualitatively showed that the needed of the level of religious and discipline characters was still under the good-enough level. So the development of this two kinds of characters is needed. And for the effectiveness level of development of religious educational character quantitatively showed that the result of t count = 12,223, with the value of df = 35 and significant value is 0,05 so the t table = 1,684, Ha is accepted because t count is on the Ha acceptance area. On the other side, the result of the discipline educational character showed that t count = -11,361, with the value of df=35 and the significant value is 0,05 so with the t table = 1,684, Ha is accepted because t count is also on the Ha acceptance area. The result of the development of the discipline and religious characters can be used effectively Keywords: Educational Character, Model of Educational Character Religious
Business Analysis of Antimony Between PT Timah-Mitsubishi-Yamanaka Purwoko, Purwoko; Wiryono, Sudarso Kaderi
The Indonesian Journal of Business Administration Vol 2, No 16 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Journal of Business Administration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

PT Timah (Persero) Tbk is the State Owned Enterprises that do tin mining business integrated starting from exploration, mining, smelting and marketing. The company set a target revenue growth of at least 15% per year by the company's business development strategy year (Albar, Alwin, personal interview, 10/9/2012). Inorganic Chemical Unit is a business unit of Mitsubishi Corporation that provides services and products, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, sulfuric acid, fertilizers, mining products and other.  Yamanaka & Co Ltd has a copper smelting business, metallic materials, electronic materials, chemical industry, and experienced more than 20 years to produce antimony trioxide.  Since the 2009 China as the supplier of the world's largest antimony metal (82%) regulate antimoni industry in the country, one of which implements the antimony metal export quota and prevent illegal mining or smuggling activities. This brings Chinese policies impact antimony metal supply deficit in global market and lead to a price increase from USD 5,500/ton in 2007 reached peak USD 17,200/ton in 2011 and USD 13,400/ton in June 2012. According to projections made by Mitsubishi Corporation, world consumption antimony in 2016 for 241,650 tonnes with supply of 206,460 tons so that there will be a supply shortage 35,190 tons. Antimony smelting plant requires a total project cost of $ 16,851,655 and financial analysis of the business of appealing to run because of the calculation of the financial projections all provide good indicators, namely: IRR 110.02%, NPV of USD 30,641,727; ROI 55.8%; PBP 1.1 years and PI 7.5. This situation is captured as a business opportunity by PT Timah (Persero) Tbk, Mitsubishi Corporation and Yamanaka Co Ltd is planning to form a strategic alliance Joint Venture Company (JV Co) with antimony smelting plant established in Indonesia with a capacity of 5,000 tons / year. The sales target for the Japanese market as much as 3,000 tons / year, South Korea targeted 1,000 tons / year and the rest for the Indian market, Thailand, Hong Kong, Europe and the Americas allocated a maximum of 1,000 tons / year. Keywords : antimony business, strategic alliance, business analysis of antimony, antimony metal, antimony smelting project.
Co-Authors . Muhammad Ramli Buhari Abd. Muqit Abdul Mutalib Abidin Abidin Adang Hardi Gunawan Agus Mulyono Ahmad Syarif Hidayatullah, Ahmad Syarif Aji, Ardhana Surya Antesty, Sella Antonius Antonius April, Dian Ardana Tri Arianto Ashri Hidayati Asrofi, Asrofi Athir, Zidni Afrokhul Azainil Azainil Baehaqi, Sirojul Cahya Nova Ardianto Chaeruman Chaeruman Chairuman Chairuman Chumairoh, Lutfi Cinkalasari, Bunga Ayu Desyandri Desyandri Djoharly Caniago Dwi Nugroho Efri Yulistika Eko Setijanto Elmusyafa’, Muchammad Sabath Eny Lestari Eti Kristanti Fauzan . Fikri, Muhammad Ali Fitri Yunita Fitroh Adhilla Hadi Susilo, Sugeng Hamilaturroyya, Hamilaturroyya Hananto, Arif Zuhal Amin Hari Setiabudi Husni, Hari Setiabudi Hartono, Rudi Herawati , Anisa Nur Hidayah, Ian Fii Barril Ida Zahara Adibah, Ida Zahara IFAH KHADIJAH, IFAH Ihsaniar, Aura Imam Anas Hadi, Imam Anas Indaryanti Indaryanti Irawan, Noval Jahid, Md. Abu Judijanto, Loso K. Hashimoto Karyadi Karyadi Kasijanto, Kasijanto Kris Witono Kuntoadi, Danang Kurnia, Siti Aisah Kurniawan, Rangga Muhammad Kusworo, Leo Jati Laksmi Andri Astuti Mahmud, As’ad Mahmud, Moh. Abu Mandasari Saragih, Yasmirah Marhadi Marhadi, Marhadi Maskur Maskur Mudrikah, Mudrikah Muhammad Husni Thamrin, Muhammad Husni Muttaqin, Fandi Ahmad Nasikin, Moch Noor, Laili Savitri Nugroho, Andy Nur ‘Azah Nurdiani, Tanti Widia Nurmasihin, Nurmasihin Pamungkas, Ferdy Pasiri, Rafi Al Poppy Laksita Rini Pramana, Yanuar Sigit Priyatno Harsasto Pujianto Pujianto Purnomo, Frederick Johan Purnomo, Heri Dwi Putra, Eka Satrio Putro, Bambang Novianto Qusairi, Velya Lizhariany Hafidha R. Sopyan Sauri Rachmawati, Nuzulia Rahma, Fahri Kurnia Rahmadillah Putra Yuslam, Aviv Rahmat, Ega Septia Rakhmawati Rakhmawati Ramadhani, Tito Ramadhani Ramidi, Ramidi Ratlan Pardede Safari, Apay Samiyah Santosa, Sugeng Budi Saputra, Wahyu Yas Sentosa, Agung Mulya Setiawan , Zunan Setiawan, Zunan Setyawan, Rai Rake Sholikah, Mar’atus Siswanto, Febby Gunawan Sri Aguswarini Sri Aguswarini Lestiyowati Sri Bagiawati Sri Setiyowati Sri Setyowati Subaryata, Subaryata Sudarso Kaderi Wiryono Sugalih, Michael Primanda Suherman, Usep Sukardi Sukardi Sulistyo, Beni Agus Supraptomo, R. Th Suprihatin Suprihatin Suryandari, Retno Suseno, Andi Susilo Utomo Swasono R. Tamat Syamsul Hadi Titi Candra Sunarti Uswatun Chasanah Utik Bidayati, Utik Waeno, Mahamadaree Wahyu Nugroho Warman Warman Widarti, Tri Widiantoro, Akbar Sigit Widyastuti Widjaksana Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman Wildan Saugi Yatmi, Yatmi Yayan Tahyan Yono Sugiarto Zaenal Abidin Zainal Abidin Zainudin bin Hassan, Zainudin bin