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Discrepancies in Hospital Cost and Indonesia's Case-based Groups: A Literature Review Skarayadi, Oskar; Endarti, Dwi; Satibi, Satibi; Mukti, Ali Ghufron
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 15, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.95970

Abstract

Background: Indonesia started establishing national health insurance in 2014. Implementation of Indonesian national health insurance has frequent gaps between health expenditures based on hospital tariffs and the INA-CBG tariffObjectives: This review was aimed to compare the hospital tariff of healthcare to the INA-CBGs tariff and to identify the factors contributing to the actual cost.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology followed in this research. The keywords "Real Cost and INA CBG'S" were used in Google Scholar, and the keywords "INA CBG'S AND REAL COST" on Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus between 2014 and 2022.Results: A total of 634 records were found through database searching of Google Scholar (594), Pubmed (1), ScienceDirect (36), and Scopus (3). After the screening process, 24 articles were included in the review. It was found that 13 articles (54.16%) showed a lower hospital tariff than INA CBG's tariff, while 11 articles (45.84%) showed a higher hospital tariff than INA CBG's tariff. The main factors affecting the gaps of hospital tariff versus INA CBGs tariff mentioned in the articles were LOS, severity, and hospitality class.Conclusion: The literature of this review found hospital rates are higher with rates of INA-CBGs in many hospitals, so it requires a review of rates and an efficient strategy of hospitals.
Systematic Review: Pharmacists’ Level of Knowledge on Psychotropic Drug Administration Lestari, Yesi; Widayanti, Anna Wahyuni; Satibi, Satibi
Academic Hospital Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ahj.v8i1.111850

Abstract

Background: Pharmacists play a crucial role in patient care, often serving as primary sources of medication information. Psychotropic drugs require careful management due to their impact on the central nervous system and potential risks. However, pharmacists' knowledge of psychotropic drug administration varies, with gaps identified in understanding specific psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and ADHD. Training and continuous education are essential to enhance pharmacists' competency in psychotropic pharmacotherapy. This study aims to assess pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes toward psychotropic medications and to identify areas for improvement to optimise mental healthcare services.Method: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA method, using literature from Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The inclusion criteria focused on studies published between 2020 and 2024 that examined pharmacists' knowledge and practices in the administration of psychotropic drugs. Six relevant articles were analysed.Result:  The findings indicate that pharmacists generally have positive attitudes toward patients with mental health conditions. However, their knowledge of psychotropic medications, especially in terms of proper administration, side effects, and treatment adherence, remains insufficient. Key barriers include a lack of formal training, limited continuing education, and weak regulatory frameworks.Conclusion: To improve pharmacists' role in psychotropic medication management, structured training programs, stricter regulations, and continuous professional education are needed. These measures will enhance pharmacists' competency and improve patient outcomes in mental healthcare.
Co-Authors Achmad Fudholi Achmad Purnomo Aditama, Hardika Ahmad Fudholi Ahmad, Atika Dalili Aini Nurul Akhmad, Atika Dalili Al Yaqut, Muhammad Arto Alamsyah, Aryo Ali Ghufron Mukti Amrin, Sumarti binti Amrullah, Hafizh Anna Wahyuni Widayanti Ansyori, Achmad Kadri Apriyanti, Anna Arfiani Yulianti Astutiany, Denny Avrilya Iqoranny Susilo Azalea, Metty Azizah, Novianti Fatli Boku, Yuliana Cahyadi, Fachri Argya Carolin, Marizka Chairun Wiedyaningsih Cholilah, Cholilah Daniel, Rizki Darajati, Mudrikah Daulay, Eliza Hanum Dewa Ayu Putu Satrya Dewi Djoko Wahyono Dumilah Ayuningtyas Edi Prasetyo Nugroho Eko Nugroho Endang Yuniarti Eni Susanti Erlianti, Karina Erwinayanti, Gusti Ayu Putu Sri Faradiba Faradiba Fatmawati, Ria Fasyah Fauziyah, Prabasiwi Nur Fauziyah, Rizza Feladita, Niken Ferina Septiani Damanik Filirida, Meidina Firdaus, Wangi Fithria Dyah Ayu Suryanegara, Fithria Dyah Ayu Fortwengel, Gerhard Githa Fungie Galistiani Gozali, Mu’min Gunawan Pamudji Widodo Hartati Hartati Hartih, Nur Aeni Hendri, Doni Heru Sasongko Hidayat, Adnan Muhammad Uno J Ibnu Gholib Gandjar Ika Ratna Hidayati Indarti, Titik Rahayu Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum Istiqomah, Fatimah Nur Iswandi Iswandi Ivanawati, Anselma Jatmiko Jatmiko Jean Rassyifa, Aloina Kaswindarti, Novita Kaswindiarti, Novita Kencanasari, Tiekha Kholid, Zakki Kohar, Dadun Kusmini, Kusmini Kusumaningsih, Riyani Kuswardhani Kuswardhani Lawalata, Angela Flora Stephanie Lestari, Yesi Lolok, Nike Herpianti Lukman Hakim Lutfan Lazuardi M. Rifqi Rokhman Marchaban Marchaban, Marchaban Marhenta, Yogi Bhakti Mariyah Mariyah, Mariyah Marselin, Amanda Mawardani, Annisa Pungki Mojau, Feliciane Muhammad Thesa Ghozali Mulyaningsih, Rosita Munawaroh, Farida Munawaroh, Ni'matul Nanang Munif Yasin Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena Novitasari, Any Oetari, Oetari Oskar Skarayadi, Oskar Oviani, Gusti Ayu Pamudji, Gunawan Partini Partini, Partini Prabowo, Pulung Pramesti, Yenda Ayu Purnawan Junadi Puspandari, Dyah Ayu Putri, Felicita Eka Putu Yudhistira Budhi Setiawan Rabianti, Lussi Rassyifa, Aloina Jean Raymanus, Melani Angela Indrayani Retnowati, Wulan Rina Handayani, Rina Rokhman, M Rifqi Saharuddin, Tria Saputra Santi, Nur Sarie, Lamlay Sembiring, Rinawati Septiani Damanik, Ferina Silvania, Arinda Silvia, Desy Sitepu, Eme Stepani Sri Maulida Agustina Sri Suryawati Sri Suwarni Suci Paramitasari Syahlani Sumarni Sumarni Surlita, Herlin Suryagama, Digdo Suryani, Rofi'atun Susi Ari Kristina Sutriatmoko, Sutriatmoko Swastiandari, Gabriela Larasati Syahlani, Suci Paramita Syahlani, Suci Paramithasari Tahir, Hadijah Tampa'i, Randy Taufiqurohman, Taufiqurohman Thesa Ghozali, Muhammad Tommy Pratama, Tommy Tri Murti Andayani Tri Wijayanti Tuko, Eirene Copalcanty Utami, Vitis Vini Fera Ratna Wakhid Slamet Ciptono Wardani, P. E. Wardani, P.E. Wawang Anwarudin Widiastuti, Mentari Winata, Nana Triana Y.W., Vika Marin Yayi Suryo Prabandari Yopi Rikmasari, Yopi Yosi Febrianti, Yosi