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Seaweed extract of Gracilaria verrucosa as an antibacterial and treatment against Vibrio harveyi infection of Litopenaeus vannamei Rudi, Mad; Sukenda, Sukenda; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Pasaribu, Wesly; Hidayatullah, Dendi
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of G. verrucosa extract in test inhibitory zone with different concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/L) and to examine G. verrucosa extract with different dosage (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) in feed on immune responses (total hemocytes count, phagocytic activity, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst) and survival rate in the Litopenaeus vannamei against the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Pacific white shrimp with an initial body weight of 5.25±0.55 g was reared in the aquarium (60×30×30 cm3) with a density of 10 shrimp/aquarium. Pacific white shrimp had been fed three times a day as much as 3% in at satiation for 14 days after challenged with V. harveyi. The first results of the inhibitory test showed that all the concentration of G. verrucosa extract was able to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi and the second result showed that the extract of G. verrucosa can increase the immune responses of shrimp. In the result of survival showed that shrimp fed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg has 80, 73, 70, and 70%, respectively. In conclusion, the seaweed extract of G. verrucosa has antibacterial activity and can induce the immune responses and resistance of Pacific white shrimp against V. harveyi infection.Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, seaweed, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis, Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak G. verrucosa dalam uji zona hambat dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda (yaitu 500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 mg/L) dan studi perlakuan pengobatan untuk menguji ekstrak G. verrucosa pada pakan dengan dosis yang berbeda (yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg) pada respons imun (yaitu jumlah total hemosit, aktivitas fagositik, aktivitas fenoloksidase, respiratory burst) dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup pada udang vaname terhadap bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi. Udang vaname dengan berat badan awal 5,25 ± 0,55 g dipelihara di akuarium (60 × 30 × 30 cm3) dengan kepadatan 10 udang/akuarium. Udang vaname pasifik diberi makan tiga kali sehari 3% at satiation selama 14 hari setelah di uji tantang V. harveyi. Hasil pertama dari uji zona hambat menunjukkan bahwa semua konsentrasi ekstrak G. verrucosa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi dan hasil kedua menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ektrak G. verrucosa dapat meningkatkan respon imun udang. Hasil tingkat kelangsungan hidup menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan udang dengan dosis 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup masing-masing 80, 73, 70, dan 70%. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak rumput laut G. verrucosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menginduksi respons imun & ketahanan udang terhadap infeksi V. harveyi.Kata kunci: Gracilaria verrucosa, rumput laut, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis, udang vaname

Microencapsulation of probiotics and its applications with prebiotic in Pacific white shrimp larvae through Artemia sp. Ramadhani, Dian Eka; Widanarni, Widanarni; Sukenda, Sukenda
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to produce microencapsulated probiotic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) and evaluate it with prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) through the enrichment of Artemia sp., on bacterial population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Microencapsulation of probiotic was done by the freeze-drying method. The shrimp larvae were reared for 13 days and fed by the Artemia sp. enriched with microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotic MOS (12 mg/L), synbiotic, and control without administration of microencapsulated probiotic and prebiotic, including negative (C-) and positive (C+) control. On the day 14, all of the experimental shrimp larvae except C- were challenged through immersion method with Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). This study showed that the administration of microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub, prebiotic MOS, and synbiotic through the enrichment of Artemia sp. could increase the bacteria population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Moreover, synbiotic treatment demonstrated the best result compared to other treatments.Keywords: probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, Pacific white shrimp, microencapsulation ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat mikrokapsul probiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) dan mengevaluasinya dengan prebiotik mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. terhadap populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Mikroenkapsulasi probiotik dilakukan dengan metode freeze-drying. Larva udang dipelihara selama 13 hari dan diberi pakan Artemia sp. yang telah diperkaya dengan mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotik MOS (12 mg/L), sinbiotik, dan kontrol tanpa penambahan mikrokapsul probiotik dan prebiotik, termasuk kontrol negatif (C-) dan positif (C+). Pada hari ke-14, seluruh larva udang percobaan kecuali C- diuji tantang melalui metode perendaman dengan Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub, prebiotik MOS, dan sinbiotik melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Selain itu, perlakuan sinbiotik menunjukkan hasil terbaik dibandingkan perlakukan lainnya.Kata kunci : probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik, udang vaname, mikroenkapsulasi

Efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila formalin-killed cells and lipopolysaccharides vaccines in maternal immunity of tilapia broodstock and the offspring resistance Mulyani, Rahma; Sukenda, Sukenda; Nuryati, Sri
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila formalin-killed cells (FKC) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) vaccines in maternal immunity of tilapia broodstock and the resistance of the offsprings. This study consisted of two consecutive studies. Firstly, the broodstocks were vaccinated with PBS (non-vaccinated), FKC, LPS, and combinations of FKC and LPS. Secondly, the offsprings from both the vaccinated and non‒vaccinated broodstock were vaccinated with the same vaccine for broodstock by immersion method. After vaccination, the offsprings were challenged with pathogenic A. hydrophila. Antibody level and lysozyme were measured in the broodstock, egg, and offsprings. In the first experiment, the result showed that vaccinated broodstock and their offsprings had delivered a significant antibody level and lysozyme activity compared with the control. The highest relative percent survival (RPS) of offspring resulted from the combination of FKC and LPS vaccinated broodstock at 5, 10, and 15 days post-hatching at 85.00%, 75.23%, and 67.56%, respectively. The second experiment showed vaccinated offsprings produced from vaccinated broodstock had a higher RPS than the RPS of vaccinated offsprings which produced from non-vaccinated broodstock. In conclusion, vaccination that using a combination of FKC and LPS vaccine in broodstock potentially improved the maternal immunity and protect their offspring from A. hydrophila infection. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, antibody, maternal immunity, tilapia, vaccination ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efikasi vaksin formalin-killed cells (FKC) dan lipopolisakarida (LPS) Aeromonas hydrophila pada imunitas maternal induk ikan nila dan ketahanan benih yang dihasilkan. Dalam penelitian ini, terdapat dua penelitian. Pertama, induk ikan nila divaksin dengan PBS (non-vaksinasi), vaksin FKC, LPS, dan kombinasi vaksin FKC dan LPS. Benih selanjutnya diuji ditantang dengan menggunakan patogen A. hydrophila pada 5, 10, dan 15 hari pasca menetas. Kedua, benih yang dihasilkan oleh induk yang telah divaksinasi dan induk yang tidak divaksinasi tersebut divaksin dengan vaksin yang sama seperti pada induk dengan metode imersi. Setelah vaksinasi, keturunan diuji tantang dengan patogen A. hydrophila. Tingkat antibodi dan lisozim diukur pada induk, telur, dan benih. Pada percobaan pertama, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa induk yang divaksinasi dan benih menunjukkan tingkat antibodi dan aktivitas lisozim yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Persentase kelangsungan hidup relatif (RPS) tertinggi benih yang dihasilkan dari induk yang divaksinasi FKC dan LPS masing-masing pada 5,10, dan 15 hari pascatetas pada 85,00%; 75,23%; dan 67,56%. Percobaan kedua menunjukkan bahwa benih yang divaksinasi dari induk yang divaksin menunjukkan RPS yang lebih baik daripada benih yang divaksinasi dari induk yang tidak divaksin. Vaksinasi menggunakan kombinasi FKC dan LPS pada induk berpotensi meningkatkan kekebalan induk dan melindungi benih dari infeksi A. hydrophila. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, antibodi, imunitas induk, nila, vaksinasi

Efficacy of bivalent vaccine against black body syndrome (BBS) of barramundi Lates calcalifer B. Nugrahawati, Anis; Nuryati, Sri; Sukenda, Sukenda; Rahman, Rahman; Brite, Margie; Aditya, Tiya Widi
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

ABSTRACT Black body syndrome causes mass mortality in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Asia mariculture. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bivalent vaccine derived from local isolate for black body syndrome (BBS) prevention on the Barramundi. The bacteria used in the bivalent vaccine were Pseudomonas stutzeri and Vibrio harveyi in a ratio of 50:50. Barramundi, 5‒6 cm in length, was intraperitoneally injected with bivalent vaccine and phosphate buffer saline (PBS). After a 21-day vaccination, fish was injected with pathogenic bacteria P. stutzeri, V. harveyi, the combination of P. stutzeri and V. harveyi with a dose of bacteria 107 CFU/fish. We observed relative percent survival (RPS), mortality, blood profile, antibody level, lysozyme activity, and histopathology of vaccinated fish. The result showed that vaccinated fish had higher antibody levels and lysozyme activity than control treatment (P>0.05). Vaccinated fish had RPS of 80.00%, 64.29%, 57.69%, after challenged test with P. stutzeri, V. harveyi, and combination of P. stutzeri and V. harveyi, respectively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, the erythrocytes, leucocytes, and phagocytic activity were higher compared to there were higher erythrocytes, leucocytes, and phagocytic activity compared to control (P<0.05). As well as antibody level and lysozyme activity of vaccinated fish higher than control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the bivalent vaccine of P. stutzeri and V. harveyi could protect barramundi seed from BBS infection. Keywords: Lates calcalifer, bivalent vaccine, local isolate, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Vibrio harveyi ABSTRAK Black body syndrome menyebabkan kematian masal pada ikan kakap putih budidaya air laut di wilayah Asia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efikasi vaksin bivalen untuk penanggulangan black body syndrome pada benih ikan kakap putih. Bakteri yang digunakan untuk membuat vaksin bivalen yaitu Pseudomonas stutzeri dan Vibrio harveyi dengan rasio 50:50. Ikan kakap putih berukuran 5‒6 cm diinjeksi vaksin bivalen dan phosphat buffer saline secara intraperitoneal. Setelah 21 hari pemeliharaan, benih diuji tantang dengan bakteri patogen P. stutzeri, V. harveyi, campuran P. stutzeri dan V. harveyi dengan kepadatan bakteri sebesar 107 CFU/ikan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi relative percent survival (RPS), gambaran darah, titer antibodi, aktifitas lisosim, dan gambaran histopatologi benih kakap putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang divaksin memiliki nilai titer antibodi dan aktifitas lisosim lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (P<0.05). Ikan yang divaksin memilki RPS 80.00%, 64.29%, 57.69%, setelah diuji tantang dengan P. stutzeri, V. harveyi, campuran P. stutzeri dan V. harveyi. Nilai hemoglobin dan hematokrit tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Titer antibodi dan aktifitas lisosim ikan yang divaksin lebih tinggi dari kontrol (P<0.05). Vaksin bivalen P. stutzeri dan V. harveyi dapat melindungi benih ikan kakap putih dari infeksi BBS. Kata kunci : Lates calcalifer, vaksin bivalen, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Vibrio harveyi

Immune responses and resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed Probiotic Bacillus sp NP5 and prebiotic honey against White Spot Syndrome Virus infection Widanarni, Widanarni; Rahmi, Dewi; Gustilatov, Muhamad; Sukenda, Sukenda; Utami, Diah Ayu Satyari
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.19.2.118-130

ABSTRACT White spot disease caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most serious viral disease and has a major impact on the decline in production of white shrimp farm. Improving the immune response through the application of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic is expected to be one of the environmentally friendly alternatives to prevent the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of administrating Baccillus sp. NP5 probiotic, honey prebiotic and a combination both (synbiotic) in enhancing immune response and resistence of white shrimp to WSSV infection. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely positive control (feeding without probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics then challenged with WSSV), negative control (feeding without probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, then injected with PBS), pro (feeding with the addition of Bacillus sp. NP5 probiotics then challenged against WSSV), pre (feeding with the addition of honey prebiotics then challenged against WSSV), and sin (feeding with the addition of synbiotics then challenged against WSSV). White shrimp with an average weight of 1.8±0.06 gram/shrimp were reared at a density of 15 shrimps per aquarium (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm and water height of 20 cm) for eight weeks, then challenge against WSSV at lethal dose (LD50) dose as much as 0.1 ml per shrimp. The results showed that the immune response and resistence of white shrimp after treatments of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics were better than those in controls with the optimal found in prebiotics treatment. Keywords: Bacillus sp. NP5, honey, immune response, white shrimp, WSSV ABSTRAK White spot disease yang disebabkan oleh infeksi white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan penyakit viral paling serius dan berdampak besar terhadap penurunan produksi budidaya udang vaname. Perbaikan respons imun melalui aplikasi probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk pencegahan serangan penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5, prebiotik madu dan gabungan keduanya (sinbiotik) dalam meningkatkan respons imun dan resistansi udang vaname terhadap infeksi WSSV. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif (pemberian pakan tanpa probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV), kontrol negatif (pemberian pakan tanpa probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik kemudian diinjeksi PBS), pro (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV), pre (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan prebiotik madu kemudian diuji tantang WSSV), dan sin (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan sinbiotik kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV). Udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 1.8±0.06 gram/ekor dipelihara dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) selama delapan minggu, kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV sebanyak 0.1 ml per ekor pada dosis LD50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons imun dan resistansi udang vaname setelah pemberian probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik lebih baik (P<0.05) dibandingkan kontrol dengan hasil optimal pada perlakuan prebiotik. Kata kunci: Bacillus sp. NP5, madu, respons imun, udang vaname, WSSV.

Karakterisasi cairan fermentasi daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan daya hambatnya terhadap bakteri penyebab penyakit ice-ice Samsu Adi Rahman; Sukenda; Widanarni; Alimuddin; Julie Ekasari
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

ABSTRAK Cairan fermentasi daun mangrove Avicennia marina mengandung mikroorganisme, nutrient, dan metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dan senyawa dalam cairan fermentasi daun mangrove A. marina dan mengukur daya hambatnya terhadap bakteri patogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia penyebab penyakit ice-ice pada rumput laut. Hasil analisis molekuler dengan target gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa bakteri dalam cairan fermentasi terdiri atas delapan jenis Bacillus, yaitu Bacillus subtilis MSAR-01, Bacillus megaterium MSAR-02, Bacillus firmus MSAR-03, Bacillus thuringiensis MSAR-04, Bacillus subterranerus MSAR-05, Bacillus vietnamensis MSAR-06, Bacillus sp. MSAR-07, Bacillus circulans MSAR-08, dengan daya hambat terbaik ditunjukkan oleh B. subtilis MSAR-01, B. vietnamensis MSAR-06, dan Bacillus sp. MSAR-07. Pemberian asam laktat, bakteriosin, cairan fermentasi total, dan supernatan sebanyak 15 mL menghasilkan daya hambat terhadap bakteri S. maltophilia lebih baik daripada menggunakan salah satu atau kombinasi beberapa jenis bakteri isolat. Daya hambat cairan fermentasi dan supernatan yang diperkaya bakteri tunggal lebih baik daripada pengayaan kombinasi bakteri. Kata kunci: Avicennia marina, fermentasi, ice-ice, mangrove

The effects of different dosage applications of Bacillus sp. NP5 para-probiotic on the growth performance and resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae infection Widanarni; Sukenda; Annisa Astri Anggraeni; Rr. Bellya Anasti Maharani; Aldy Mulyadin; Munti Yuhana
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.21.2.186-197

The aim of the study is to test the effectiveness of adding various paraprobiotic doses of Bacillus sp. NP5 through feed in improving the immune responses and resistance of tilapia juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) to infection of Streptococcus agalactiae. Bacillus sp. NP5 paraprobiotic was produced through heat-inactivation at 95°C for 1 h. This study used a completely randomized design, which consisted of four treatments with three repetitions. The test feed was enriched with 1% paraprobiotic with a density of 108, 109, and 1010 CFU ml-1. The tilapia juvenile (10.29 ± 0.22 g) were reared for 30 days and on day 31, the fish was challenge tested with S. agalactiae (107 CFU ml-1) injected by intraperitoneal route unless the negative control was injected with PBS. The results of this study showed significantly improved growth performances and immune responses (P<0.05), compared to the control group after 30 days of paraprobiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 administered. The increased of immune responses in paraprobiotic of Bacillus sp. NP5 showed a higher survival rate (P<0.05), than positive control after the challenge tested with S. agalactiae. Administration of paraprobiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 through the commercial feed able to improve the growth performances, immune responses, and resistance of nile tilapia against S. agalactiae infection with the best result at dose of 1010 CFU ml-1.

The antibacterial activity of clove Syzygium aromaticum extract and its effects on the survival rate of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂ infected with Vibrio alginolyticus Ode, Inem; Sukenda; Widanarni; Dinamella Wahjuningrum; Munti Yuhana; Mia Setiawati
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.22.1.1-11

Vibrio alginolyticus which becomes the main cause of vibriosis disease in grouper culture and causes great economic loss in Asian aquaculture industries. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of clove extract and the effect of adding clove powder to the diet on survival cantang grouper infected with V. alginolyticus. The clove extraction used a maceration method. Two dose levels of clove powder were used, namely 10 and 15 g kg−1. The control treatments without clove powder supplementation contained positive control (CP) and negative control treatment (CN). The results found that the clove extract contained five major compounds. The highest compound was phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-Eugenol (64.07%). Phytochemical analysis of clove extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins at (28.53 ± 0.00) mg/g, (0.38 ± 0.00) mg/g, and (0.15 ± 0.00) %, respectively. The diameter of the clove extract inhibition zone was significantly different (P < 0.05) in all treatments. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) result presents that the clove extract can alter the V. alginolyticus cell morphology. The dietary supplementation of clove powder improves the survival rate significantly higher (P<0.05) post-challenge test. The conclusion of this research is that clove extract has antibacterial activity that can inhibit growth and cause cell morphological damage to V. alginolyticus. The application of clove powder at a dose of 15g kg-1 was able to improve the survival value which was a higher post-challenge test. Keyword: antibacterial activity, clove, grouper, phytochemical, Vibrio alginolyticus

The health status of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) x E.lanceolatus (♂) cultured in floating-net cage at Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia Ratu Borut, Ruku; Sukenda; Sri Nuryati; kukuh Nirmala; Irzal Effendi; Widanarni
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.22.2.106-114

This study aimed to identify the fish health status, based on the total erythrocytes (cells/mm3), total leukocytes (cells/mm3), hemoglobin level (g %), hematocrit, and histopathological profiles. This study was performed on February, 2021 – January, 2022. The study was located in floating-net cage of Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sampling was performed by a purposive-sampling method, environmental parameter measurements, containing temperature and salinity, clinical symptom observation in fish, total erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, histopathological profiles of hybrid grouper liver and kidney, and existence of VNN virus. The observation results present the behavior changes in sick fish, namely whirling on the net cage surface, dead-sleeping or death-like condition below the net cage. Hybrid grouper has total erythrocytes of 1.36 x 106 – 5.13 x 106 cells/mm3, total leukocytes of 2.9 x 104 – 7.9 x 104 cells/mm3, hemoglobin level of 5.56 - 10.94 g %, and hematocrit of 13.31 - 24.78 %. From the histopathological observation, hepatocyte, necrosis, vacuolysis was occurred in liver and tubular, leukocyte infiltasi, nicrosis was occurred in kidney and with the highest prevalence of VNN at 20 – 80 %. Therefore, hybrid grouper is sick due to increased number of leukocytes at 5.13 x 106 cells/mm3 above the normal range, followed by decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at 5.56 - 10.94 g % and 13.31 - 24.78 %, respectively, due to organ damage. Keyword: must be written in not more than 5 words and alphabeticaly listed ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kesehatan ikan meliputi total eritrosit (sel/mm3), total leukosit (sel/mm3), kadar hemoglobin (gram %) dan hematokrit (%) dan gambaran histopatolgi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada periode bulan Februari 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Lokasi penelitian pada keramba jaring apung (KJA) di Pulau Kelapa Dua Kepulauan Seribu. Metode pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan secara purposive sampling, pengukuran parameter lingkungan perairan yaitu suhu dan salinitas, pengamatan gajala klinis ikan, perhitungan jumlah eritrosit, leukosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit serta gambaran histopatologi pada organ hati dan ginjal ikan kerapu cantang dan keberadaan virus VNN. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perubahan tingkah laku ikan sakit yaitu berputar ke atas permukaan KJA, terjadi sleeping dead atau ikan berada di dasar seperti mati. Ikan kerapu cantang memiliki jumlah eritrosit 1.36 x 106 – 5.13 x 106 sel/mm3, leukosit 2.9 x 104 – 7.9 x 104 sel/mm3, hemoglobin 5.56 - 10.94 gr %, dan hematokrit 13.31 - 24.78 %, hasil histopalogi ikan mengalami perubahan sel pada hati yaitu hepatosit, vakuolisasi, nekrosis dan ginjal mengalami perubahan infiltrasi leukosit, nicrosis, tubulus dan kehadiran virus VNN tertinggi berkisar 20 % - 80 %. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ikan kerapu cantang yang sakit karena jumlah leukosit meningkat 5.13 x 106 sel/mm3 melebihi kisaran normal, kadar hemoglobin menurun 5.56 - 10.94 % dan kadar hematokrit 13.31 - 24.78 % rendah dan terjadi kerusakan jaringan pada organ dalam ikan. Kata kunci: Ikan Kerapu Cantang, Hematology, Histopatologi, Parameter Fisika dan Kimia

Evaluation of single and multispecies probiotic applications for the prevention of Motile Aeromonads Septicaemia in gourami, Osphronemus gourami Tsani Untsa, Agista; Widanarni, Widanarni; Sukenda, Sukenda; Afiff, Usamah; Yuhana, Munti
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.1.56-70

The aim of this study was to evaluate single and multispecies probiotic applications for the prevention of Motile Aeromonads Septicaemia (MAS) disease in gourami, Osphronemus gourami. The experiment consisted of the in vitro inhibition test and the in vivo application of probiotics in gourami. The in vivo assay, consisted of five treatments and five replicates, namely: negative control (K-); positive control (K+); (B) fish fed with supplementation of 1% (v/w) probiotic Bacillus NP5 RifR cells and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila RifR; (L) fish fed with supplemention of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CipR 1% (v/w); challenged with A. hydrophila RifR; (BL) fish fed with mixture supplementation of Bacillus NP5 RifR 0.5% (v/w)+L. plantarum CipR 0.5%; infected with A. hydrophila RifR. Fish (29.57 ± 1.00 g) were reared in a 45 L volume aquaria with a rearing density of 10 fish/m3 for 50 days, with feeding trial three times a day. The challenge test was conducted by intramuscular injection with pathogenic A. hydrophila RifR cells (106 CFU/mL) on day 41st. In vitro test results showed that single and multispecies probiotics significantly (P<0.05) inhibited A.hydrophila RifR. In vivo experiment showed that probiotic supplementation treatments improved the growth performance, and microbiota diversity in the gut. The immune responses, fish resistance to A. hydrophila RifR and gourami survival rate in all treatments of supplemented feed were significantly higher compared to the positive control. The best treatment, multispecies probiotics significantly (P<0.05) improved the survival of gourami 96.67% post infection with A. hydrophila RifR. Keywords: A. hydrophila, Bacillus NP5, L. plantarum, O. gourami, probiotic ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aplikasi probiotik tunggal dan multispesies dalam pencegahan penyakit Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) yang disebabkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan gurami (Osphronemus gourami). Penelitian terdiri atas uji penghambatan in vitro bakteri probiotik tunggal dan multispesies terhadap A. hydrophila RifR, dan uji in vivo aplikasi probiotik untuk gurami. Uji in vivo, terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu: kontrol negatif (K-) kontrol positif (K+); (B) ikan dengan pakan suplementasi Bacillus NP5 RifR 1% dan diinfeksi A. hydrophila RifR; (L) pakan komersial dengan penambahan probiotik L. plantarum CipR 1% dan infeksi A. hydrophila RifR; (BL) ikan dengan suplementasi campuran Bacillus NP5 RifR 0.5% dan L. plantarum CipR 0.5% serta diinfeksi A. hydrophila RifR. Benih gurami (29.57 ± 1.00 g) dipelihara di dalam akuarium bervolume 45 L dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/m3 selama 50 hari, dengan pakan bersuplemen probiotik 3 kali sehari. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan suspensi sel patogen A. hydrophila RifR (106 CFU/mL) secara intramuscular pada hari ke 41. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa probiotik tunggal dan multispesies dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel A.hydrophila RifR di organ hati dan ginjal secara signifikan (P<0.05). Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan perlakuan aplikasi probiotik tunggal dan multispesies mampu meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan, keragaman mikrobiota usus. Respons imunitas, resistansi terhadap A. hydrophila RifR dan kelangsungan hidup gurami di semua perlakuan pakan bersuplemen probiotik secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol positif. Perlakuan terbaik adalah probiotik multispesies meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan sebesar 96.67% secara signifikan (P<0.05) pascainfeksi A. hydrophila RifR. Kata kunci: A. hydrophila, Bacillus sp. NP5, L. plantarum, O. goramy, probiotik

Co-Authors , Rahman, , , Ranta, , , Rusli, , . ARIFUDDIN . Maryani . Rahman . Sunarto A. Hasan A. Santika A. Suwanto A.J. Sihombing Ade Dwi Sasanti Aditya, Tiya Widi Afif, Usamah Afiff , Usamah Aldy Mulyadin Alimuddin Alit Brilliant Aminatul Zahra ANGELA MARIANA LUSIASTUTI Angela Mariana Lusiastuti Anis Nugrahawati Annisa Astri Anggraeni Ayi Santika Bambang Gunadi Benny Yustim Brite, Margie Cahyawati, Nadia Catur A. Pebrianto D. Dana D. Meha D. Wahjuningrum Daniel Djokosetiyanto DEBY YUNIASARI Dendi Hidayatullah, Dendi Dewi Rahmi DIAH AYU SATYARI UTAMI Dian Febriani Dinamella Wahjuningrum Dwi Agung Saputra E. Ayuzar E. Harris Eddy Supriyono Eka Angga Laksana Enang Harris Enang Harris Esti Handayani Hardi Evan Farhan Wahyu Puadi F.H. Pasaribu Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu Fadilah, Iin Nur Fadlilah, Rizqy Aditya Fitria Novianti Gustilatov, Muhamad Helmy Faisal Muttaqin Henky Manoppo Hisatsugu Wakabayashi I. Normalina I. Nur Iqbal Kurniawinata, Mohamad Irzal Effendi Isni Rahmatika Sari Jasmanindar, Yudiana Jeanni Indah Noermala Julie Ekasari K. Sumantadinata Khairun Nissa Komar Sumantadinata Kukuh Nirmala L. Jamal Lastriliah, Mira LAY, B. W. M. Yuhana M. Zairin Junior M.S. Arifin Mia Setiawati Mochamad Fatuchri Sukadi Muchtar, Muthahharah Muh. Aris Muh. Fatuhcri Sukadi Muharram Nur Ikhsan Mulyani, Rahma MUNTI YUHANA N.A. Maswan Nasri Julaini Nasrullah, Hasan Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo Nuzullia, Laely Odang Carman Ode, Inem P. Hadi Pras, Eva Prasetiyono Pratiwi, Kiki Amalia Putri, Shofii Amaliah R.D. Soejoedono Rafsyanzani, Muhammad Mufthi Rahman Rahman Ramadhani, Dian Eka Ramhirez, Putri Shandra Retno Damayanti Soejoedono Ririn Nurul Fauziah, Ririn Nurul Rizki Praseto, Rizki Rr. Bellya Anasti Maharani Rudi, Mad Ruku Ratu Borut Samsu Adi Rahman Sari Anggraeni, Sukma Septiani, Ghita Ryan Sri Nuryati Sri Nuryati Sugeng Budiharsono Sugiyo Hadi Pranoto Tatag Budiardi Trian Rizky Febriansyah Tsani Untsa, Agista Uba Umbara Ulil Surtia Zulpratita Umbara, Uba Wesly Pasaribu WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Wisriati Lasima Y. Tri Anggoro Yan Evan Yumaidawati, Nurfitriani Siti Yuni Puji Hastuti Zulfani, Anisa

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