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All Journal AL KAUNIYAH Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Biotropika Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya (JBP) The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Jurnal Biologi Tropis Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Journal of Dedicators Community Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Jurnal Kesehatan Islam : Islamic Health Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat JSMARTech : Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology J-PEN Borneo : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Soeropati: Journal of Community Service Jurnal Sains Alami (Known Nature) Borneo Journal of Biology Education (BJBE) Biopedagogia Tri Dharma Mandiri: Diseminasi dan Hilirisasi Riset Kepada Masyarakat (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan Jurnal Sains Alami (Known Nature) ICONESTH KOPEMAS JURNAL BIOSAINSTEK
Ramadhan, Majida
Universitas Islam Malang
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Characterization and Identification of Phytochemical Compounds Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata L.) Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Amrullah; Ma’rifah, Shofia Jannatul; Azizah, Nur; Jamilah, Zahrotul; Safitri, Dewi Astriana; Bawani, Elen Ayu; Ramadhan, Majida; Hayati, Ari; Nafisa; Mahyantika, Seftya Putri
JSMARTech: Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): JSMARTech Volume 6, No 2, 2025
Publisher : JSMARTech

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jsmartech.2025.006.02.07

Abstract

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) have long been used in traditional medicine in Indonesia to treat various diseases. This study aimed to characterize and identify phytochemical compounds present in soursop leaf extract. The analysis was carried out using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, FT-IR spectroscopy, and phytochemical screening to identify the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis showed a characteristic of the isoflavone spectrum with two absorption peaks of 310-330 nm. FT-IR revealed strong absorption at 3380 cm-1 (O-H group), 1737 cm-¹ (C=O group), and 718 cm-1 (C-H alkene group), along with moderate absorption at 2922 cm-1 and 2852 cm-2 (C-H alkane group) and 1650 cm-1 (C=C alkene group). The total flavonoid content of the extract was 89.201 mg/g at 1000 ppm and 87.220 mg/g at 500 ppm. These findings indicate that soursop leaves are rich in flavonoids and other bioactive compounds with potential medicinal value.   Keywords: Soursop leaves, UV-Visible, FT-IR, phytochemical screening, total flavonoids
Profile of Secondary Metabolites and Study of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba) in Inhibiting Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Seftya Putri Mahyantika; Abdoes Sjakoer, Nour; Ramadhan, Majida
JSMARTech: Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): JSMARTech Volume 6, No 2, 2025
Publisher : JSMARTech

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jsmartech.2025.006.02.15

Abstract

Mulberry fruit is known as a medicinal plant with various health benefits, including as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to identify the content of secondary metabolites and evaluate their antibacterial activity. The methods used in this study were experiments with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Extraction was performed using ethanol as a solvent with the maceration technique, while phytochemical analysis was conducted using specific reagent tests to detect the presence of bioactive compounds. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method with varying concentrations of the extract at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Phytochemical analysis results showed that mulberry fruit extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. Antibacterial activity testing against Escherichia coli produced inhibition zones of 19.25 mm, 20.33 mm, 26 mm, and 27.17 mm, respectively, while for Staphylococcus aureus, the inhibition zones were 17.58 mm, 20.08 mm, 25.75 mm, and 30.92 mm, respectively. In general, the inhibition zones formed showed an increase with increasing extract concentration. However, statistically, there was no significant difference in inhibiting both bacteria. Based on these results, mulberry fruit extract has balanced antibacterial potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it a promising candidate for development as a broad-spectrum natural antibacterial agent. Keywords: antibacterial, Escherichia coli, mulberry, phytochemical screening, Staphylococcus aureus
Potential Combination of Cermai (Phyllanthus acidus) and Mulberry (Morus alba) Fruit Extract as a Candidate For Tyrosinase Inhibitor Susanti, Erna; AS, Nour Athiroh; Ramadhan, Majida; Mardhiyah, Mardhiyah; Noor, Mahanem Mat
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.42571

Abstract

Melanin, a pigment derived from UV radiation, is crucial in preventing skin damage and can cause aesthetic and dermatological problems such as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Melanogenesis is a complex process involving enzymes and cytokines, with UV being a primary contributor. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. This study aims to test the potential of combining cermai fruit extract (CE) and mulberry fruit (ME) as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The tests included antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, total phenolic content using the Folin Ciocalteu method, flavonoid content using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, and sun protection factor (SPF) value using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was observed in (CE), followed by the combination of ME: CE in the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and then ME. The same pattern was seen in the flavonoid content assay results. The antioxidant activity, as indicated by the IC50 values, followed the following order CE 418.30%; ME: CE (1:3) 400.49%; ME: CE (1:1) 367.73%; ME: CE (3:1) 358.04%; and ME 344.43%. The highest SPF value was observed in ME. It can be concluded that this study shows that the combination of CE and ME extracts has potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin protective agent from hyperpigmentation due to UV exposure.
Microbial Contaminants Evaluation of White Pomegranate Peel, Seeds, and Beetroot as Validation of Herbal Raw Material Quality Faisal, Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rofiidah, Anisatul; Nirwana, Linggar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.10

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris) are recognized for their numerous health benefits, attributed to their bioactive. However, the use of natural ingredients as traditional medicine requires attention to microbiological safety, given the potential for contamination by pathogenic microbes. This study aims to analyze microbial contamination on the skin and seeds of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Samples were tested at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Islamic University of Malang using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method to count total microorganisms and qualitative tests to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus.  The results showed that the total microbes and mold/yeast for all samples were within the safe limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). The highest TPC was found in white pomegranate peel extract (2,1x10? CFU/g), while the highest Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) was found in white pomegranate seed extract (8,2x10? CFU/g). Although Salmonella sp. was not detected in all samples, Staphylococcus aureus was identified positively in white pomegranate seed extract. These findings underscore that, although the total microbial count is low, contamination by specific pathogens can occur, most likely during post-harvest handling. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus highlights the importance of implementing strict sanitation controls and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the processing of herbal raw materials to ensure product safety.
Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Hormon Auksin dan Sitokinin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tunas dan Akar Zaitun (Olea europaea) Menggunakan Metode Microcutting Paramitha, Armanda Bella; Achyar, Zhahrotun Khofifah Nur; Azizi, Rosita Imro’atul; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi; Ramadhan, Majida; Prasetyowati, Eka
Biopedagogia Vol 7, No 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Borneo Tarakan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35334/biopedagogia.v7i2.6886

Abstract

Olive plants (Olea europaea) are widely used as traditional medicine and have high economic value, but olive cultivation in Indonesia still faces many challenges. This study aims to evaluate the effect of providing plant growth regulators (ZPT) auxin and cytokinin hormones on the growth of olive shoots and roots using the microcutting method. The study was conducted at the Orchidology Laboratory, Islamic University of Malang with an experimental method of three treatments, namely water control, Biogen, and Bregadium. The parameters observed included the number and quality of shoot and root growth. The results showed that Biogen and Bregadium were able to accelerate the emergence of shoots on the 3rd day, while the control grew on the 10th day. Observations of root growth showed that Bregadium was able to stimulate root formation in more samples even though the quality was still very thin and few. In contrast, Biogen only produced one thin root in one sample. The conclusion of the study states that the combination of Bregadium ZPT hormones has the potential to be more effective in stimulating the growth of olive roots and shoots vegetatively. This study recommends optimizing the concentration and frequency of ZPT application for more optimal growth results.
Phytochemical Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Tannin Contents in Ethanol Extract of Medicago sativa Ramadhan, Majida; Faisal, Faisal; Nafisa, Nafisa; Mahyantika, Seftya Putri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol9.iss1.art3

Abstract

Medicago sativa (alfalfa) leaves are known to contain diverse bioactive phytochemicals, particularly phenolic and flavonoid compounds that are commonly associated with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of the ethanol extract of alfalfa leaves and quantify its major phenolic constituents to provide chemical evidence supporting its antioxidant potential. Dried alfalfa leaves were extracted using maceration with ethanol 70%, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, and spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, while saponins were not detected. Quantitative analysis showed that the extract contained a high total flavonoid content (136.25 ± 3.165 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract), along with appreciable levels of total phenolics (19.32 ± 0.814 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and tannins (66.49 ± 0.927 mg tannic acid equivalents/g extract). These findings demonstrate that alfalfa leaf extract is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, which are widely associated with antioxidant properties, thereby providing a scientific basis for further evaluation of antioxidant activity.
Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Young and Mature Bidara Leaves Using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Phytochemical Screening Test Alvelin Bunga Kurniawati; Gatra Ervi Jayanti; Majida Ramadhan; Dian Novita Wulandari; Ike Widyaningrum
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1257-1263

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of young and mature bidara leaves using the DPPH method and to identify the content of secondary metabolites through phytochemical testing. Antioxidant activity was measured using the IC50 parameter, which represents the concentration of the extract that can capture 50% of DPPH free radicals. The test results showed that mature bidara leaves had an IC50 value of 34.984 ppm, indicating vigorous antioxidant activity, while young leaves had an IC50 value of 100.327 ppm, classified as moderate activity. Phytochemical testing revealed that both types of leaves contained alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, while flavonoids and triterpenoids were only found in old leaves. These results suggest that variations in secondary metabolite content, influenced by leaf age, contribute to differences in antioxidant activity. Thus, older bidara leaves are more potent as an antioxidant source compared to younger leaves. This study supports the utilization of bidara plants in the pharmaceutical industry and the development of traditional medicine based on natural ingredients.
In silico and Histochemical Analysis of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Against Alpha Estrogen Receptor Afidah Fajar Nuari; Gatra Ervi Jayanti; Majida Ramadhan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1055-1068

Abstract

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) are known as a plant that has the potential to treat breast cancer, which has a high mortality rate in women in Indonesia. The receptor that plays the most important role in breast cancer development is the Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERa). This study aims to identify active compounds in soursop leaves that have the potential to inhibit breast cancer cell growth through in silico analysis using molecular docking of the ER? receptor using KNApSAck, PASS Online, PubChem, PDB ID, PyRx, and Discovery Studio software and Histochemical analysis was performed using fresh soursop leaves by making an incision on the lower part of the leaf and adding reagents AlCl, FeCl, Na2CO, CuSO4, glycerin, Wagner reagent, immersion oil, and ethanol, then observed microscopically. The in silico results showed the presence of specific compounds from soursop leaves and one reference compound (OHT600). Cis-Solamin had the highest binding affinity (-9.3 kcal/mol), better than the native ligand (-7.6 kcal/mol), and interacted with the amino acid Glutamine 532 (GLU532). Histochemical analysis showed the content of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, accompanied by color changes in trichome and stomatal tissues. Based on the research data, it was concluded that soursop leaves can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells through the content of secondary metabolites that actively inhibit Er? receptors.
Antibacterial Innovation of Iron Nanoparticles from Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.): an In Vitro Study Shofia Jannatul Ma'rifah; Nur Azizah; Zahrotul Jamilah; Thoifatus Syarivah; Nabiilah Rifda Harmono Putri; Majida Ramadhan; Gatra Ervi Jayanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.245-252

Abstract

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel extract using ethanol as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Fe-NPs against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) was assessed using the well diffusion method. The morphology, structure, size, and atomic distribution on the surface of Fe-NPs were characterized using SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Different pH conditions (5, 7, and 9) were investigated as experimental factors for Fe-NPs preparation. The results revealed mostly irregular spherical shapes with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 89 nm, with the smallest size observed at pH 9. UV-Vis spectra confirmed the formation of Fe-NPs, appearing in the UV region around 230-295 nm. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds from the pomegranate peel extract, which facilitated Fe-NPs stabilization and acted as bioreductants. Upon reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(0), oxidation of O-H and C-O functional groups occurred. The diameters of inhibition zones against the tested bacteria were 16 mm at pH 5, 13 mm at pH 7, and 15 mm at pH 9, indicating strong antibacterial activity.
Antioxidant Activity Analysis Using DPPH and Total Phenol Methods of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata L.) Dwi Kartika Wati; Kammal Nizam Amrullah; Salsabilatul Mukarommah; Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer; Faisal Faisal; Majida Ramadhan; Nafisa Nafisa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.325-330

Abstract

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are known to contain various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of soursop leaf extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and to determine its total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed at extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm, with quercetin used as a positive control. The results showed that the soursop leaf extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 9,486 ppm. The total phenolic content of the extract was relatively high, ranging from 102,929 to 195,702 mg GAE/g extract. The strong antioxidant activity observed is likely associated with the high content of phenolic compounds, which play a crucial role in scavenging free radicals. These findings suggest that soursop leaf extract has significant potential as a natural antioxidant source for applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Co-Authors Abdoes Sjakoer, Nour abdul wachid, abdul Achyar, Zhahrotun Khofifah Nur Adelia Permata Dewi Afidah Fajar Nuari Ahmad Asyari Fasya Ahmad Syauqi Ahmad Syauqi ahmad syauqi ahmad syauqi, ahmad Akhmad Nauval Al Shofura, Nadya Raisa Aldina, Devana Rahma Allinha Yusfin Innaya Allinha Yusfin Innaya Alvelin Bunga Kurniawati Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Amrullah Anggraeni, Agintha Silvya Anita Puspa Widiyana Ari Hayati Arianti, Leny Ardini Armanda Bella Paramitha Aziz Mawardi Aziz, Achmad Qomarul Aziza, Nur Azizi, Rosita Imro’atul Badria, Shoimatul Umi Bawani, Elen Ayu Dewi Astriana Safitri Dewi Kartika Sari Wijayan Daru Dewi, Lina Purnama Dian Novita Wulandari Dwi Eva Vitriana Dwi Kartika Wati Dwi Praseyto, Hamdani Eka Fitriah Eka Fitriah, Eka Eka Prasetyowati Erna Sulistyowati Erna Susanti Faisal Faisal Faisal Faisal Faisal Faisal Faisal Faiza, Hilda Wahyu Fatmawati Fatmawati Fatmawati Fatmawati Febrianti, Dewi Retno Fitirah, Eka Forrela Zahwa Salamah Gatra Ervi Jayanti Gatra Ervi Jayanti Gemilang, Satria Hamdani Dwi Prasetyo Harmono Putri, Nabiilah Rifda Hidayah, Ulfa Husain Latuconsina Husain Latucosina Husain, Muhammad Hafizh Ike Widyaningrum Ilfathoniyah, Aulia Innaya, Allinha Yusfin Intan Trixzi Fradina Jamilah, Zahrotul Januarista, Terra Jayanti, Angelina Kammal Nizam Amrullah Khuluqiyyah, Wildhatu Dzati Fiqhul Lina Purnama Dewi Ma'rifah, Shofia Jannatul Mahanem Mat Noor, Mahanem Mat Mahyantika, Seftya Mahyantika, Seftya Putri Mardhiyah, Mardhiyah Maulida, Hilda Jihan Maulidya, Sabrina Dita Ma’rifah, Shofia Jannatul Mudzakaroh, Luluk Muhammad Fahmi Hidayatullah Muhammad Hafizh Husain Muzayyanah, Nana Nabiilah Rifda Harmono Putri Nafisa Nafisa Nafisa Nafisa, Nafisa Naura Dinada Zulfa Salsabila Nela Vede Rhofa Putri Nirwana, Linggar Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer Nur Azizah Nur Azizah Nurul Jadid Mubarokati Paramitha, Armanda Bella Prasetyo, Doni Prasetyowati, Eka Pratiwi, Lidia Wahyu Putri, Nela Vede Rhofa Qonita Mukrimatul Hijjah Rafsanjani, Ramizard Rahmatullah, Muhammad Ali Rahmawati, Rizka Dwi Ramadhani, Lailatul Ramadhani, Mieta Widya Ratna Djuniwati L Ratna Djuniwati Lisminingsih Rofiidah, Anisatul Rofiq, Muhammad Fadlan Rolita, Ninda Norma Rosita Imro’atul Azizi Safitri, Dewi Astriana Saimul Laili Salamah, Forrela Zahwa Salsabilatul Mukarommah Salsabillah, Salma Savana, Amartya Gesit Sayidati Nabila Seftya Putri Mahyantika Shofia Jannatul Ma'rifah Shofia Jannatul Ma'rifah Siti Aminah Sri Wahyuni Syarivah, Thoifatus Thoifatus Syarivah Tintrim Rahayu, Tintrim Tresna, Adira Tatus Wahidah, Shinta Nuriyah Wardah Wati, Dwi Kartika Winda Tul Habibah Wulandari, Rossa Martha Yaqin, Ngainul Yuana, Hera Yudi Purnomo Yuniar Ambarwati Zahrotul Jamilah Zaki, Siti Muzakiyah Zhahrotun Khofifah Nur Achyar