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Effect of Mangifera Indica Root Methanolic Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Rats Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru; Akafa Andes Tansaba; Chakfa Nanmar; Isaac John Umaru; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3397

Abstract

The growing prevalence of diabetes in both developed and developing nations has prompted scientists to intensify their research efforts in identifying potent therapeutic compounds from natural sources. These compounds are aimed at more effectively treating and managing diabetes. The aim of this research is to determine the potentials of Mangifera Indica on induced hyperglycemic rats. The materials and methods : The roots will be cut into small pieces, air-dried and 100g of the root powdered soaked , extracted in rotary evaporator, fort albino rats is used. Diabetes will be induced in rats by injecting them intraperitoneally (i.p.) with freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 M pH 4.5) after an overnight fast and Hyperglycemia confirmed. Thirty albino rats is randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of five rats: group 1-6. Group 1-3 control groups, NC (Normal non-treated control), DM (Negative control rats), PC (Positive Control) group 4-6 (Mangifera indica treated diabetic rats). The NC and DM (control groups) will be given distilled water, while the MI and DM + MI (experimental groups) will receive Mangifera indica extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/b.wt. Results: Day one blood glucose levels was lowered significantly (p < 0.05). Day three treatments with standard drug and 100 mg/kg body weight extract lowered blood glucose significantly (p < 0.05) close to normal after induction with alloxan. The results of selected liver test indicates that AST decreased significantly, ALT increased significantly, ALP increased significantly, TP decreased significantly, GLB decreased significantly, TB increased significantly, DB increased significantly, INDB increased significantly. The results of kidney function test show that urea increased significantly, no significant difference shown in creatinine, potassium level were raised significantly, chloride and carbon dioxide were elevated significantly.
Antibacterial Effect of Methanol Extract of Newbouldia laevis Leaves on Some Selected Resistant Pathogen on Synthesised Drugs Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze; Akafa Andes Tansaba; Chakfa Nanmar; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3399

Abstract

Newbouldia laevis is a tropical plant belonging to the family of Bignoniaceae. It is among the most useful plants in Africa. Historically medicinal plants have been provided a good source of inspiration for novel therapeutic drugs which has made a large contribution to health and well-being of humans. It has been used over the years to as curative agents against many infections and have been exploited in the traditional medicine with their curative potentials. Material and methods: The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was bought from a local market in Wukari, Taraba State. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was chop into pieces, air-dried for four days and then pulverized into fine powder. About 250 g of the powdered bark extracted with 2 L of ethanol using maceration method for 72 hrs. The crude extracts of Newbouldia laevis was used in antibacterial assay. The results observed demonstrate that the Newbouldia leaves methanol crude extract possesses concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria. The increasing inhibition zones with higher concentrations suggest a potential dose-response relationship.
Review on DNA Modification for Drug Tartgeting Purposes Solomon Godiya Marvelous; Isaac John Umaru; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3400

Abstract

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) modification for drug targeting purposes is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for revolutionizing the way we approach disease treatment, offering precise and personalized approaches to tackle diseases. This seminar work provides an overview of the potential application of DNA modification for drug targeting. The seminar work begins by introducing nucleic acid and its types, structure of DNA and DNA modification, the concept of DNA modification and its significance in the context of drug targeting. It highlights the potential of DNA modification techniques, such as gene editing and epigenetic modifications. It also explores the application of DNA modification for drug targeting purposes. It discusses the use of gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, in correcting genetic mutations associated with inherited disorders or targeting disease-causing genes. By utilizing DNA modification techniques, drug targeting can be fine-tuned to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects. In general, this seminar report emphasizes the great potential of DNA modification for drug targeting purposes. By precisely modifying DNA, scientists can develop targeted therapies, correct genetic mutations, and optimize drug responses.
Health Risk Analysis and Heavy Metals Speciation of Arable Farmlands In some selected Areas of Northern Taraba State Nigeria Bilyaminu Habibu; Otitoju Olawale; Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh; Isaac John Umaru; John Odiba Oko; Dawoye Yusufu; Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3563

Abstract

Background and Objective: Soil plays a major role in food safety and security. A major problem in most developing nations is a lack of food security and safety. The soil environment is a reservoir of nutrients as well as pollutants. This study eval_uated the health risk and heavy metals speciation of arable farmlands in Ardo-Kola, Zing and Yorro, Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Methodology: Three different soil samples from three Local Government Areas of Taraba State (Ardo-Kola, Zing and Yorro) were collected using sterile glass sample collection bottles measured at 5 cm depth. The collected soil samples were freed from unwanted materials by hand picking and air-dried for 5 days to remove excess moisture. The dried soil samples were crushed in with mortar and a pestle, the crushed soil sample was sieved through a 2 mm sieve made of stainless steel the sieved soil sample was further pulverized to a fine powder and passed through a 0.5-mm sieve. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As) concentrations were assayed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed that Chromium had a high concentration with values ranging from 1.83 mg/kg to 2.62 mg/kg. While Lead and Mercury had the lowest concentration of less than 0.03 mg/kg across the studied areas. For ecological risk assessment parameters; target cancer risk, hazard index (HI) estimated daily intake (EDI) were all determined to assess the non-carcinogenic health risk. Ardo-Kola recorded the highest levels of HM, followed by Yorro, whereas Zing had the lowest concentration. Consumption of crops harvested from the sampled location may pose a serious health challenge; bio-accumulation of toxicants in the soil across the studied areas may pose a health risk due to high concentration of heavy metals which are known to generate free radicals that may lead to oxidative stress and other cellular damages in humans. Conclusion: Although most of the studied heavy metals were significantly present in all the analyzed soil except lead and mercury, their concentration in various soil samples across the studied areas exceeded the permissible levels as recommended by WHO except for Lead and mercury.
A Review: Biochemical Role of House Fly in the Transmission of Medically Important Parasites Emmanuel Askebnde Joel; Emmanuel Alooma; Ubur Terzulum Wilson; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3685

Abstract

House flies (Musca domestica) can be found everywhere in the world except Antarctica, especially in regions with dense populations, hot weather, and inadequate hygiene. They are insects of small to medium size, featuring a unique gray body and big compound eyes that are colored red. House flies experience full metamorphosis, which includes four separate life phases: egg, larva (maggot), pupa, and adult. House flies are seen as important pests for public health because they can carry various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. Because of their close connection to human actions, capability to travel far distances, and inclination to breed in decaying organic material, they are highly effective carriers for transmitting different illnesses. House flies have been linked to the spread of more than 100 different disease-causing microorganisms, leading to illnesses like gastroenteritis, dysentery, and cholera. Apart from bacterial pathogens, house flies have also been discovered to play a role in spreading different viruses and medically significant parasites. This review describes the physical characteristics and behavior of the house fly, highlighting its unique attributes like compound eyes, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and wings. The stages of development of a house fly, from egg to larva, pupa, and adult. It also offers distinct ways in which house flies can spread medically significant parasites, emphasizing the public health impact of this occurrence, especially in regions with inadequate sanitation and restricted healthcare access. It is essential to comprehend the role of house flies in transmitting these parasites in order to create successful control methods and enhance public health results.
Isolation and Identification of Phenol Degrading Bacteria in Refuse Dumping Site Muhammad Bashir Muhammad; Abubakar Aisami; Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda; Abdullahi Sa’adu Adeseye; Isaac John Umaru; Helen Oluwabunmi; Bilyaminu Habibu; Gloria Omonefe Oladele
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3686

Abstract

Phenol is a harmful compound found in soil, and its removal is crucial for human health. Phenol or hydroxybenzene, is both a synthetically and naturally produced aromatic compound. Microorganisms capable of degrading phenol are common and include both aerobes and anaerobes. In this study, researchers collected soil samples from INEX refuse dumping site along Bajoga road of kwami, Gombe state, and determined the abundance of heterotrophic and degradation bacteria using serial dilution and most probable number (MPN) methods. This experimental research study was carried out in order to isolate and identify phenol-degrading bacteria in polluted soil, the effect of concentration and pH was analysed during the procedure. Bacteria was isolated from contaminated soil and sub-cultured in a Mineral-salt media which was prepared with phenol added as the only carbon source needed for the bacterial growth, The bacterial isolate was identified as Escherichia coli a gram-negative bacteria. The favourable concentration and pH required for the growth of the bacteria was determined as 200mg/L and pH 7 respectively. These findings have significance in bioremediation for employing suitable bacteria in suitable condition for solving environmental pollution crises.
Ferroptosis and Cancer Therapy Review James Agbu Sunday; Otitujo Olawale; Isaac John Umaru; Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3687

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a type of intracellular iron-dependent cell death that is different from autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis. Ferroptosis is necessary for tumour suppression, according to a number of studies, which opens up new therapy options for cancer. The establishment of resistance to cancer therapy is one of the most significant ongoing challenges. The subject of conquering drug resistance has been the focus of numerous preclinical and clinical studies. Interestingly, ferroptosis has been associated with treatment resistance for cancer, and ferroptosis stimulation has been demonstrated to reverse drug resistance. The current knowledge of ferroptosis-inducing and ferroptosis defence mechanisms analyses the functions and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumour immunity and tumour suppression, conceptualises the various ways that cancer cells are vulnerable to ferroptosis, and investigates therapeutic approaches for ferroptosis targeting in cancer. Cancer is one of the most terrible illnesses that can kill a person worldwide. There are several ways to treat cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Analysis of the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis, which is impacted by their elevated reactive oxygen species levels and particular mutation profiles, opens up new possibilities for improving the efficacy of already used cancer treatments. This review included the state of knowledge about the induction and defence mechanisms of ferroptosis, the function and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumor suppression, and treatment approaches for tumor-induced ferroptosis.
Mineral Composition of Seed, Seed Hull, and Pod of African Locust Bean “Parkia Biglobosa” Mathew Jacob; A. J. Amuda; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i2.4166

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the mineral composition of different part of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) tree utilized by man and animal. The experiment was carried out at Federal University Wukari Teaching and Research Farm. The samples of different part of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) tree were collected within the Federal University environment. The different part collected were as follows: Seed, Pod, Seed hull, and each one serves as a treatment (T1...T3). Samples collected were oven dried and milled for laboratory analysis to determine the mineral composition using standard techniques. The following minerals were (Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), Sulphur (S) and Copper (Cu)). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 23.0.2018. The results of analysis showed that the mineral composition are; (P (0.28-0.36%), Ca (0.19-0.23%), K (0.35-0.72%), Na (0.19-0.22%), S (0.37-0.48%), Cu (13.57-21.47 mg/kg), Fe (118.80-138.07 mg/kg), Se (0.04-0.07 mg/kg), Mn (37.30-52.57 mg/kg), Zn (58.50-81.57 mg/kg)) showed that T1 (seed) had the highest values of all the mineral analysed except Mg (0.22-0.27%) followed by T3, Seed hull. The mineral composition was observed to have varied significantly (P<0.05) across the treatments which could be attributed to different parts of Parkia biglobosa examined. In conclusion, mineral composition of the African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) tree parts, were lower than the tolerance level. Consequently, ruminant farmers can include seed hull, and pod in formulating ration for their livestock.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Complications: An introduction Muhammad Akram; Umme Laila; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5343

Abstract

Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition that affects the kidney, liver, heart, eyes, and other body parts. It causes an imbalance in metabolism. Other factors, such as medications and modern living, also have an impact on it. By treating this illness early, we can prevent it. This summary covers a number of different types of diabetes. The fatality rate from diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global scale. Numerous detrimental behaviors, including alcohol use, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a lack of physical activity, further raised the risk of this disease. Numerous issues related to diabetes mellitus are also covered, such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy.
Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Management Haleema Sadia; Muhammad Akram; Momina Iftikhar; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5458

Abstract

The most common type of benign uterine tumors are uterine fibroids, sometimes referred to as leiomyomas or myomas. Clinical indicators include infertility, obstetric problems, mass symptoms, pelvic tumors, pelvic discomfort, and irregular bleeding. Because of their symptoms, more than 30% of women with leiomyomas might look for therapy. Modern surgical options are based on the operation, although the method of therapy is influenced by the patient's age and desire to avoid "radical" surgery, such as a hysterectomy, or to retain fertility. Uterine fibroids' location, size, and number determine the course of treatment. In the pathogenetic process, fibroids are made up of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and a significant amount of fibrous extracellular matrix. The shape, location, pathophysiology, and clinical symptoms of fibroids vary significantly. A woman's race can affect her likelihood of developing fibroids; Black women are more likely than White women to get fibroids earlier in life and to have more severe symptoms.
Co-Authors , Jaouher Ben Ali A. J. Amuda Abdul Wadood Chishti Abdullahi Sa’adu Adeseye Abdulmumin Jabir Abid Mahmood Abid Rashid Abimbola Gbenga Olayemi Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa Abu Michael Sunday Abubakar Aisami Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi Adetoyi Moses Gbadebo Adeyanju Kate Yemisi Agbo Chibuike Ekunyi Agbo Christiana Onyindia Ahmad Alhassan Siddan Ajala-Lawal R. A Ajiduku Leyoa Abershi Akafa Andes Tansaba Akafa Andes Tensaba Akoh Miracle Talent Akpan Usenobong Morgan Alam Afroz Urooj Khan Ale Ebenezer Morayo Alice Njolke Mafe Aliyu Olamilekan Najeeb Ameh Godwin Okwori Amna Javed Ananias Amen Anih David Chinonso Anthony Mishara Audu Arowora K. A Arowora K. A. Arowora Kayode Arowora Kayode Adebisi Artu Ishishen John Ashaka Fidelis Utioukpan Atsu Ayi Augustine Absalom Bakari Genevieve Sirina Bando Christopher David Bemhemba Iba Benjamin Nanisi Daniel Bilyaminu Habibu Chabunda Endashi Esseyi Chakfa Nanmar Charles Ayara Chinedu Christian Iheanacho Chukuma Stephen Ezeonu Dafup Kadel Istifanus Dafup Katdel Istifanus Daniel Konka Danjuma Janya Danladi Mbosire Peter Danlami Efoseh David Christopher Bando David Umahi Dawoye Yusufu Debora Akinola Umogbai dulrashid Dauda Maianguwa Ebenezer Morayo Ale Edom Favour Ogochukwu Egbeadumah Maryanne Odufa Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze Eisa Yazeed Ghazwani Eluu Emmanuel Chukwudi Emmanuel Alooma Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel Emmanuel Askebnde Joel Emmanuel Chikodiri Okoli Emmanuel Efongwa Emmanuel Eluu Chukwudi Emmanuel Olofu Omanchi Emmanuel Omanchi Eric Agim Agaba Etah Hope Mona Evelyn Ovenomo Tony-Enwin Ezeonu C. S Ezugwu Hilary Chikata Fahad Said Khan Favour Joel Bafai Fethi Ahmet Ozdemi Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir Fidelis Okii Ekpo Gabriel Favour Chisom Gaweł Sołowski Genevieve A. Yeboah Genevieve Akpah Yeboah George Okra Hassan Gideon Likida Tiimob Gift Amofa Gloria Omonefe Oladele Gomba Victoria Eno Habiba Idris Adam Haleema Sadia Hauwa A. Umaru Helen Oluwabunmi Hind A. Abdulghafoor Ibrahim Jamilat Mijinyawa Idris Habiba Adams Ikrimah Usman Mohammed Ikwebe Joseph Imo Chinedu Inemesit Samuel Essien Ingwu Joseph Akem Ingwu Joseph Akem3 Iornenge Terungwa Joseph Isaac Eleojo Shaibu Isbah Shahid Iseko Iyoko Kingsly Ismail Yunusa Yuguda Izam Emmanuel David Jackson Soyinka Malantso James Agbu Sunday James Eneji Agwu Jankada Patience Audu Janya Danjuma Jaouher Ben Ali Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi Jehan Mohammed Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma Joanna Afariba Johnson John Odiba Oko Joseph Oteng Josephine Maina Sule Julius Ishaya Salman Kaka Garpiya Yakubu Katchim Evelyn Shadrach Katchin Evelyn Shadrach Kerenhappuch Isaac Umar Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru Khalid Yahuza Abbas Kingsley Bassey Enang Kingsley Iyoko Iseko Kwabena Owusu Amoah Kyugah Jacob Tersur Lawal Danjuma Tyem Lawal Favour Enyojo Lazaru Joseph Goje Lipana Dorcas Bappa Lubabatu Abdulrasheed Maayam Usman Ahmed Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda Manasseh Ilumunter Matilda Mary Athanasius Udoh Maryam Usman Ahmed Mathew Jacob Mathias Mawuli Ametefe Mgbede Timothy Michael S. Abu Michael Sunday Abu Misbah Ahmed Mohammed Khudhair Hasan Momina Iftikhar Moses Adondua Abah Mosugu O. O Mosugu Ovayoza Omolara Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Akram Muhammad Bashir Muhammad Muhammad Haris Baig Muhammad Tayyab Aslam Muhammad Zuhairah Ismail Musa Azegya Mustapha Musbau Adekunle Yahaya Nanyak Zingfa Galam Nasiru Audu Ngabea Nkechi Gift Ijeomah Nkiri Annasthesia Ekubnse Nosheen Aslam Nurudeen Umar Abdulkadir Nwachukwu Favour Onyinyechi Nwofor Innocent Obadiah Saveni Yusuf Oche Williams Ujah Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede Ocheifa Matthew Ngbede Odok Endurance Akam Ogar Fonne Okang Ogholo Ogholo Ekup Ojochenemi E. Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu Okoli Emmanuel Okpanachi Nuhu Oyibo Okrah George Hassan Olabanji Martina Morolake Olawale Otitoju Oluwasegun M. Oladimeji Omachi Blessing John Onwubiko A. Henry Onwubiko N. Grace Otashu Kenneth Frank Otitoju Olawale Otitoju Oluwale Otitujo Olawale Ozzioma Praise Acha Panah Philemon Peter Ise Uduak Precious Chioma Jack Prince Kwadwo Gyasi Prince Osei Akumia Prosper Uneju Peter Queen Uyo Williams Rashida Ismail Mohammed Sabahat Abbas Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown Selumun Solomon Ipav Shadrach Philip Shelter Agbeko Bobie Shitta Nasisi Namuma Simon Teza Zinas Solomon Chuanu Solomon Godiya Marvelous Solomon O. Asare Solomon Ossom Asare Steve Osagie Asuelimen Sukyakma Manu Sulaiman Abubakar Aliyu Sule John Ugbedeojo Tahmina Maqbool Tensaba Andes Akafa Tongle Nanle John Tsokwa Punarimam Rebecca Tyem Lawal Danjuma Ubur Terzulum Wilson Ugwuala Chimaobi Melvin Ugwuoke Kenneth C Umme Laila Urooj Rehman Usenobong Morgan Akpan Usman Ikira Usman Lukman Adamu Victor Duniya Sheneni Victor Makanjuola Victoria Ifeoluwa Ayo Vika Tensaba Akafa Williams Oche Ujah Wisdom L. Benjamin Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh Zainab Bello Dambazau Zephaniah Hananiah Shenia