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All Journal Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syariah dan Masyarakat Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora Awang Long Law Review JISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Jurnal Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling Surakarta Law and Society Journal Qiyas : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Peradilan Madani Legal Review JIIP (Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan) Discovery : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia Fundamental : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum IBLAM Law Review JIPMukjt:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Djati Joong-Ki : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Journal Evidence Of Law Jurnal Penyuuhan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (JPPM) Jurnal Hukum Pelita Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Joong-Ki Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia Humaniorum Journal Fundamental : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Joong-Ki Qiyas : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Peradilan Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Policies On Regulatory Reform Law Journal (PRLJ)

Miharja, Marjan

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum IBLAM

Author-ID : 1054840

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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The Impact of Legal Policies on the Enforcement of Human Rights in Indonesia Baan, Bram B; Ginting, Grenaldo; Putra, Irman; Lubis, Arief Fahmi; Miharja, Marjan
Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): October-January
Publisher : Inovasi Pratama Internasional. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/jsh.v3i2.1116

The realisation of human rights constitutes a crucial element in the establishment of social justice and the safeguarding of individual dignity. In Indonesia, legal policies pertaining to human rights have evolved since the advent of the reform era, with the advent of numerous regulations and the establishment of institutions dedicated to the protection of human rights. This research employs a literature study method to analyze the impact of legal policies on human rights enforcement in Indonesia. The study analyzes relevant regulations, legal precedents, and academic literature to identify challenges and opportunities in the implementation of human rights policies. The findings reveal that, although Indonesia has witnessed significant advancements in the legislative realm, persistent challenges persist in ensuring consistent policy implementation. These obstacles encompass deficiencies in law enforcement, shortcomings in institutional competence, and the influence of political dynamics upon policy implementation. Hence, enhancements in legal governance and the fortification of human rights institutions are indispensable to guarantee the effective enforcement of human rights in Indonesia.

Analysis of the Role of Law in Environmental Dispute Resolution: A Case Study in Urban Areas Karina, Ica; Polii, Johanis L. S. S.; Putra, Irman; Lubis, Arief Fahmi; Miharja, Marjan
Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): October-January
Publisher : Inovasi Pratama Internasional. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/jsh.v3i2.1117

The objective of this research project is to conduct an in-depth examination of the role of law in environmental dispute resolution within the context of urban Yogyakarta. By employing a qualitative methodology, this study examines the factors affecting the implementation of environmental legislation and the efficacy of legal instruments in addressing disputes. This study seeks to elucidate the role of law in environmental dispute resolution in Yogyakarta, examine the obstacles and impediments encountered in the implementation of environmental law, and analyse the efficaciousness of the existing dispute resolution mechanisms. To this end, it employs qualitative methods, with a particular focus on primary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings demonstrate that, despite an adequate legal framework, the efficacy of environmental dispute resolution is constrained by challenges inherent in law enforcement, public awareness, and economic considerations.

Tinjauan Hukum Atas Wewenang Pemerintah Dalam Pencegahan Penghindaran Pajak Syafari, Herdin; Miharja, Marjan
FOCUS Vol 6 No 2 (2025): FOCUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2030

The provisions in Article 32 and Article 43 of Government Regulation No. 55 of 2022 are to provide an authority to the Minister of Finance in determining expenses that cannot be deducted from gross income (non-deductible expenses), which are considered to exceed the limits of authority regulated in Article 18 of the HPP Law. Article 18 of the HPP Law has expressly regulated the mechanism for preventing tax evasion, but does not include the authority as formulated in the PP, especially related to the imposition of fees on payments to foreign taxpayers whose receipts are not subject to income tax in their country of domicile. This research aims to examine the excesses of authority that have been delegated in Article 18 of Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its implications. This study uses normative legal research with a literature study on laws and regulations in Indonesia. The results of the study show that Articles 32 and 43 of Government Regulation Number 55 of 2022 have significant legal implications because they are considered to exceed the authority delegated in Article 18 of Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations. The provisions in this Government Regulation, especially related to the application of the substance over form doctrine and guidelines for the prevention of tax evasion, are not explicitly regulated in the HPP Law, thus creating potential conflicts in the regulatory hierarchy, legal uncertainty, and the risk of abuse of authority by tax authorities. In addition, the unclear limitation of authority in the guidelines set by the Minister of Finance also has the potential to increase legal disputes between taxpayers and the government. While it aims to improve tax compliance and prevent tax avoidance, it requires more detailed adjustments and guidelines to ensure its implementation is in line with the principles of legal certainty and regulatory hierarchy.

JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PARTICULAR TIME AGREEMENT BASED ON LAW NUMBER 13 OF 2003 CONCERNING MANPOWER Bunadi, Bunadi; Miharja , Marjan
IBLAM LAW REVIEW Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): IBLAM LAW REVIEW
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM IBLAM)

Industrial relations disputes are common in many companies. The dismissal process is often not in accordance with the provisions of labor regulations, one of which is regarding the dismissal of PKWT / contract workers. The formulation of the problems that the author discusses in this thesis are (1) What is the role of trade unions in fighting for dismissal disputes with PKWT / Contract workers? (2) Is the Application of a Fixed Time Work Agreement (PKWT) in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower? The research method used in this research is juridical normative, namely looking at the law as a written norm made and promulgated by an authorized official or institution, the nature of descriptive analytical research is a study to obtain an overview of the main object of the problem being researched. The results showed that, the role of trade unions in companies in fighting for dismissal disputes against PKWT / Contract workers in accordance with Law no. 2 of 2004 concerning PPHI article 6 in conjunction with article 8 in conjunction with article 81, namely by conducting a bipartite effort between the labor union and the company, because the bipartite effort failed, then submitted a mediation request to the Manpower Office. The mediation attempt still failed and subsequently filed a lawsuit for dismissal disputes at the Industrial Relations Court, although it was unsuccessful. The application of a fixed-term employment agreement (PKWT) is contrary to the provisions of Law number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower Article 59 paragraphs (1), (2), and (7). In addition, the PHI Judge in deciding the case did not reflect a sense of justice and ignored the evidence presented by the plaintiff (the worker). This problem should not have occurred, if the company obeyed and understood the labor regulations regarding workers who could be promised under a non-permanent contract or PKWTT.

The Role of Constitutional Law in Achieving Political Stability and Social Justice in Indonesia Marjan Miharja; Sulis Setyowati; Suhendar; Achmad Zahruddin
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i1.5839

Ahmad, A. (2024). Analysis of the Legal Outputs of State Institutions: The Case of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Enigma in Law, 1(2), 36–40. https://doi.org/10.61996/law.v1i2.35 Annisa Salsabila, Tria Noviantika, & Ahmad Yani. (2024). Initiating Constitutional Morality: Political Intervention, Ethical Reinforcement, and Constitutional Court Decisions in Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 10(2), 505–537. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev1028 Anogara, S., Ferdiansyah, M., Esfandiari, F., & . S. (2024). Analysis of the Mechanism for Dismissal of Judges of the Constitutional Court by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i21.14765 Aprilia, H. N., & Fartini, A. (2024). Human Rights Guarantees for People with Mental Disorders in The Indonesian Constitution. Jurnal Mahasiswa Hukum Islam, 1(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.37035/jurhis.v1i2.9524 Baik, J. (Sophia), & Sridharan, H. (2024). Civil rights audits as counterpublic strategy: articulating the responsibility and failure to care for marginalized communities in platform governance. Information, Communication & Society, 27(5), 836–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2227685 Daswanto, D. (2024). Legal Policy of Pretrial Arrangements in Criminal Procedure Law in Indonesia by the Constitutional Court. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY), 3(11), 755–767. https://doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v3i11.1309 Dollu, D. Y., & Fatima, R. N. (2024). Problem from mk powerful number 90/Puu- Xii/2023 related to article 169 letter Q number 7 Year 2017 about general election (Election Law). Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(3), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i3.2245 Fadrial, R., Sujianto, S., Tua Ricky Freddy Simanjuntak, H., Wirman, W., & Setiawan Wibowo, W. (2024). Fostering Trust Through Bytes: Unravelling the Impact of E-Government on Public Trust in Indonesian Local Government. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 19, 015. https://doi.org/10.28945/5317 Farid, A. M. F., & Nanik, N. P. (2023). Legal Reasoning of the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 25/PUU-XX/2022 on the State Capital Law According to Social Justice Value. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 12(2), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i2.1285 Hidayat, A. (2024). The Impact of Globalization on the Dynamics of the Constitutional Law System in Indonesia: An Analytical Review. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum, 23(3), 2009–2020. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i3.4332 Hidayat, R. N., & Novrizal, M.-. (2024). Strengthening the Constitutional Court’s Authority to Adjudicate on Disputes Regarding the Result of Regional Head Election In Indonesia: an Urgency to Clarify the Constitutional Framework. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum, 23(1), 373. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i1.4022 Ihza Ibrahim. (2024). ANALISIS LEGAL STANDING PEMOHON DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Khuluqiyya: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Studi Islam. https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v6i2.135 Lutfi, F., Pramono, S. E., & Masrukhi, M. (2024). The Role of BPIP in Indonesia’s Legal Reform: Navigating Social Transformation and Ideology Education Challenges. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i4.18921 Moh. Thohir, & Didik Sukriono. (2024). IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SYSTEM. Awang Long Law Review, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.56301/awl.v6i2.1112 Mukherjee, A. (2024). Efficacy of Legal Aid: Bridging the Justice Gap. Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities, 8(3), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20240304 Rahaditya, R., Rachmat, L. I., Sari, R. A. D. 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Akibat Hukum Poligami yang Dilakukan dengan Nikah Siri dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan Sebagaimana Diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 1548/Pdt.G/2019/PA.JB) Budi, Leman Setia; Miharja, Marjan
QIYAS: JURNAL HUKUM ISLAM DAN PERADILAN Vol 7, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/qys.v7i2.2966

Abstract: Marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the One Godhead. Every marriage event must be recorded in an official institution, namely the Office of Religious Affairs so that it has legal force as evidenced by a Marriage Book. The fact that occurs in society, many marriages are not registered at the Office of Religious Affairs, because they carry out the marriage by means of unregistered marriage, especially in the practice of polygamy. The method used in this study is a normative juridical method with a law approach. The results of the study indicate that the legal position of polygamy carried out with unregistered marriage according to Law Number 1 of 1974 as amended by Law No. 16 of 2019 is illegal in the eyes of the law, because it is not in accordance with applicable regulations in the State of Indonesia so it does not have legal force and not registered with the Office of Religious Affairs. So Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage only recognizes polygamy registered at the KUA with permission from the Religious Courts. The legal consequence of the practice of polygamy by means of unregistered marriage is that the second wife who is married in an unregistered manner cannot demand her husband to provide physical and spiritual support if the husband leaves her, because the marriage is not considered valid by the State, the child of a wife who is married siri is also considered an illegitimate child who is not legally married. there is a civil relationship with his father, so it is difficult to go to school because there is no birth certificate and this shows the administrative arrangements that are not smooth. Keywords: Legal Consequences, Polygamy, Siri Marriage. Abstrak: Perkawinan ialah ikatan lahir bathin antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Setiap peristiwa perkawinan harus dicatat di lembaga yang resmi yakni Kantor Urusan Agama agar memiliki kekuatan hukum yang dibuktikan dengan Buku Nikah. Fakta yang terjadi di masyarakat, banyak perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan di Kantor Urusan Agama, karena mereka melakukan perkawinan itu dengan cara nikah siri khususnya dalam praktik poligami. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan hukum poligami yang dilakukan dengan nikah siri menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nonor 16 Tahun 2019 adalah ilegal di mata hukum, karena tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di Negara Indonesia sehingga tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum dan tidak tercatat di Kantor Urusan Agama. Maka Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkwinan hanya mengakui poligami yang tercatat di KUA dengan melalui izin dari Pengadilan Agama. Akibat hukum dari praktik poligami dengan cara nikah siri adalah istri kedua yang dinikahi secara siri tidak dapat menuntut suami untuk memberikan nafkah lahir dan bathin jika suami meninggalkannya, karena pernikahannya tidak dianggap sah oleh Negara, anak dari istri yang dinikahi siri juga dianggap anak haram yang tidak ada hubungan keperdataan terhadap ayahnya, sehingga sulit untuk masuk sekolah karena tidak ada akta kelahiran dan ini menunjukkan pada pengurusan administrasi yang tidak lancar. Kata kunci: Akibat Hukum, Poligami, Nikah Siri.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Distribusi Benih Bening Lobster (Panulirus Homarus) Secara Ilegal Ke Luar Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Indonesia Djajadisastra, Arip Nugraha; Miharja, Marjan
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2198

Penelitian ini berlandaskan pada teori pemidanaan dan penegakan hukum. Teori pemidanaan digunakan untuk menilai proporsionalitas dan efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam perkara penyelundupan benih bening lobster (BBL), sementara grand theory penegakan hukum memberikan kerangka analitis mengenai hubungan antara substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan kultur hukum dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, serta analisis putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan hakim yang menjatuhkan pidana 11 bulan penjara dan denda Rp.50 juta terhadap pelaku penyelundupan BBL masih tergolong ringan bila dibandingkan dengan ancaman pidana maksimal. Kondisi ini menunjukkan belum terwujudnya keselarasan antara teori pemidanaan, tujuan penegakan hukum, dan praktik peradilan. Selain itu, putusan tersebut belum mencerminkan efektivitas hukum sebagai instrumen perlindungan ekologis dan pencegahan pelanggaran berulang dalam pengelolaan sumber daya lobster di Indonesia

Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pelanggaran Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut Prasetyo, Dwi Aji; Miharja, Marjan
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2199

The growing intensity of human activities in marine areas increases the risk of conflicts and violations of marine spatial planning, making strong regulation and effective law enforcement essential for sustainable management. This study examines the legal framework governing violations of marine space utilization in Indonesia and explores efforts to strengthen legal norms and the effectiveness of criminal sanctions. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that Indonesia has established a comprehensive system of administrative and criminal sanctions for marine space utilization violations, as regulated under the Job Creation Law and its implementing regulations. Parties utilizing marine space without a Marine Space Utilization Suitability Permit (KKPRL) may face administrative sanctions such as warnings, suspension of activities, permit revocation, fines, and criminal penalties if their actions result in changes to marine spatial functions. However, this study identifies a normative gap, particularly the absence of clear technical criteria for determining changes in marine space functions. This gap creates legal uncertainty and underscores the need for more detailed technical guidelines to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and sustainability in marine spatial management.

Implementasi S-MART Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Republik Indonesia Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Marjan Miharja; Wiend Sakti Myharto; Yasmin Noor Hanan Rusma; Fahim Achmad Rizaldi; Sandi Nugraha
Yuriska: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021): August
Publisher : Law Department, University of Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/yrs.v13i2.1895

Background In Indonesian Law, number 20 at 2003 subsection 3 about National Education System stated that the functions of national education are to develop competence, also shape the character of people. Thus, develop among students’ competence to become religious people, clever, capable, creative, independent, also responsible for the country is also possible. After their parents, children learned at elementary school as a next step to the world. They will get everything that their need, such as culture and behaviour as the progress of learning and provision for their future life. The “S-MART” concept is the initial basis that must be applied to elementary schools, to build children's mental and behaviour in the future. Muhammadiyah 4 Kramat Jati Elementary School is one of the elementary schools that applies the “S-MART” concept to educating its students, it is hoped that the next generation will improve both in terms of morals and behaviour. The application of this concept also aims to learn children in an orderly manner. This is also in line with the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system so that every school increases the improvement of its students, to create a generation that is healthy and active in learning. Research methods This research method uses normative juridical research methods. The normative juridical research method is research on positive legal principles written in the legislation. Findings The results of this study are the initial data support obtained related to the optimization of staffing regulations to improve employee welfare in the Muhammadiyah Kramatjati environment after obtained. The researchers perform hypotheses and design R&D procedures in the form of roadmaps and research flow diagrams as well as the methodology that will be carried out in this study. Conclusion School as an educational institution should have a positive school culture to continuously improve its quality. A positive school culture will sow the values of life and humanity so that schools can truly become agents of change to make Indonesian people who are complete, faithful and devoted to God Almighty and have a noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent. and become a democratic and responsible citizen. School culture must be built based on the vision, mission and goals of the school by implementing participatory and open management so that it can truly be reached and internalized by all school members and stakeholders so that it can be implemented sincerely and consistently to achieve the goals set in the vision. and school goals. If implemented properly and consistently, school culture can improve its quality in an integrated manner for customer satisfaction, both internal and external customers.

Perlindungan Hukum dalam Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Transaksi Bisnis Internasional dengan Prinsip Kebebasan Bersepakatan dan Supremasi Regulasi Nasional Michael Aquila Pinandhita; Marjan Miharja
Policies On Regulatory Reform Law Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Policies on Regulatory Reform Law Journal
Publisher : CV Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/prlj.v1i2.904

Lalu lintas perdagangan internasional yang berkembang pesat telah memberikan kebebasan yang lebih besar kepada khalayak internasional dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Dalam era globalisasi ini, perdagangan menjadi elemen kunci dalam pemenuhan barang dan jasa. Namun, perbedaan geografis, ekonomi, dan regulasi antarnegara menciptakan kompleksitas dalam perdagangan bisnis internasional. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan mekanisme pembayaran dan pemahaman tentang regulasi yang berlaku di negara-negara yang terlibat menjadi penting.Eksplorasi ini memakai mekanisme pendekatan kualitatif dengan penekanan pada eksplorasi regulasi normatif. Data yang diperoleh adalah deskriptif, melalui wawancara dan pengamatan perilaku. Selain itu, eksplorasi menggabungkan mekanisme studi kepustakaan untuk mengumpulkan sumber-sumber regulasi yang relevan dengan isu regulasi yang sedang diteliti.Hasil eksplorasi mengungkapkan bahwa perdagangan bisnis internasional melibatkan prinsip kebebasan bersepakatan dan pemilihan regulasi nasional. Regulasi internasional mengatur berbagai aspek transaksi, termasuk tarif pajak, ketentuan asuransi, dan mekanisme transaksi. Prinsip-prinsip regulasi bisnis internasional ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber regulasi akad internasional, seperti regulasi nasional, dokumen kontrak, prinsip-prinsip regulasi umum, putusan pengadilan, doktrin, dan perjanjian internasional.Dalam konteks perdagangan bisnis internasional, penting untuk memahami peraturan yang berlaku di tingkat internasional dan nasional. Prinsip-prinsip regulasi berdasarkan kebebasan bersepakatan dan pemilihan regulasi nasional adalah landasan utama pembentukan akad bisnis internasional. Perlindungan regulasi memiliki dua jenis, yaitu preventif dan represif, yang bertujuan untuk mencegah pelanggaran dan menegakkan sanksi terhadap pelanggaran hukum. Kepastian regulasi dalam akad bisnis internasional memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang berbagai sumber regulasi internasional dan nasional yang mengatur perdagangan bisnis internasional.

Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdillah Umar Lubis Achmad Zahruddin Adam Mahdi Elrahma Rosyady Adi Prasetiyo, Ricky Affandi, Sodri Afif, Abrar Agung Ardiansyah Ahmad Ahmad Akbar, Sultan Akmal Ridho AL-Qamar S. Sangadji Ali Aridi Amanda Lestari Putri Lubis Andri Sutrisno Anggoro Hendrawan Anggoro Hendrawan Arby Hermawan Arief Fahmi Lubis Arif Awangga Beato Dionisius L. Bionda Johan Anggara Bram B Baan Budi, Arrum Budi, Leman Setia Bunadi Bunadi Chabib Susanto Dadang Herli Deden Adith Fauzan Dezonda R. Pattipawae Dian Arifni, Esa Didik Suhariyanto Dimas Widya Pradana Djajadisastra, Arip Nugraha Dolfries Jakop Neununy Eko Agus S. Emil Salim Emil Salim Emilio Raynaldi Porwayla Esa Dian Arifni Fahim Achmad Rizaldi Fahim Achmad Rizaldi Fahim Achmad Rizaldi Fakhlur , Fakhlur Fandy Lucky S. Faoso F. Telaumbanua Farah Januati Fatih Fauzan Zulfa R. Ferdinanto, Tonny Fitryantica, Agnes Gerry Lesmana Grenaldo Ginting Gugus Atmoko Gunawan Gunawan Gunawan Nachrawi Gunawan Nachrawi Gunawan Nahrawi H. Pesik, Hendrio H.E. Rakhmat Jazuli Hadi R, Luqman Hafidzun Sat Febrian Hamka, Vinoti Hardian Hardian Hasan Hasan Hendrikus Lermatin Henny Saida Flora Heri Setiawan Heru Mahendra Ica Karina Irsan Irsan Jamiatur Robekha Jean Magtel Pah Jean Magtel Pah Johan Johan Johanis L.S.S. Polii Joni Sudarso Juwita S Katarina Salona Kemala, Ratih Kurnia S, Satriya Leman Setia Budi Lilis Purba Linda Agustina Lisda Purwanti Lubis, Amanda Lestari Putri Lucy Lidiawati Santioso M. Khoerul Anam M. Kholilurrahman Manullang, Sihol Mariana Harahap Mayang Maharani Yahya B. Mayang Maharani Yahya Bayan Meydi Nabillah Michael Aquila Pinandhita Misbahul Huda Misbahul Huda Mugiyono Mugiyono Muhammad Mursid Muhammad Sofyan Hidayat Mustajab, Wahyu myharto, Wiend Sakti Neununy, Dolfries Jakop Ngurah Agung, I Gusti Agung Nimbrod Henukh Ningrum Ambarsari Novariyadi Putra Ardhana Noviyanto, Tri Arief Nugraha, Sandi Nur Alam B. Nurul Hasanah Nurwijayanti Panji Adela Paternus Alvian L. Paternus Ndruru Prasetiyo, Wahyu Prasetyo, Dwi Aji Pujantini Pujantini Putra, Irman Rachmat Dwi Putranto Rahmat Dwi Putranto Rahmawati, Dyah Rani Yuwafi Yuwafi Ridho, Akmal Riki Andreas S. Riyanta Riyanta Rizal Apriyanto Rizaldi, Fahim Achmad Robekha, Jamiatur Ronal Saut Rosiyati Rosiyati Rosiyati, Rosiyati Ruben Alexander Hutagalung Rusma, Yasmin Noor Hanan Rusnandi Rusnandi Ryan Hidayat Ryan Hidayat Salamat Martua Sandi Nugraha Sandi Nugraha Sandi Nugraha Sanjaya M, Andy Saparuli Saparuli Sardjana Orba Manullang Sari, Asmila Septya Rizky Sihotang, Rismauli Dahliana Sitompul , Michael Sonia Yekti H. Sonia Yolla Viqwan Sri Setiawati Sri Setiawati, Sri Sri Sudono Saliro Suhendar Sulis Setyowati Sultan Akbar Suparmin, Entol Syafari, Herdin Syahruddin, Erwin Tamrin Muchsin Tanjung, Bitus Taufik Tri Alpiansyah Tunggal, Agung Valentino Brostito Veni Florence Lakie Viktor Agung Pratama Wiend Sakti Myharto Wiend Sakti Myharto Wiend Sakti Myharto Windyastuti, Feny Wira Agustian Tri H. Yasmin Noor Hanan Yasmin Noor Hanan Rusma Yasmin Noor Hanan Rusmana Yastuty Handalya Yastuty Handalya Yudianto Yudianto Yudianto Yudianto Yulius Alfredo Yuwafi, Rani Zaini, Abdullah Zaka Mubarok Zuhdi, M

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