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Problems faced and strategies applied by test-takers in completing the TOEFL iBT Test Imam Wahyudi Karimullah; Nur Mukminatien
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 9, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

The present study aimed at exploring strategies applied and the problems test-takers faced before, during, and after working on an integrated reading-listening-writing (IRLW) task. This narrative inquiry research employed 23 students taking a TOEFL iBT test in the Indonesian context using the purposive sampling technique. The respondents answered a questionnaire and written questions related to the problems they faced during the test and their strategies to solve the problems. The test-takers’ responses from the interview were used to confirm the data from the responses to written questions. The researchers used an in-depth interview protocol to explore the test-takers’ strategies to solve the problems they faced when doing the test. The interview process was conducted right after they finished the test. The data from the questionnaire, written questions, and interviews were further analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that the test-takers encountered internal and external problems in completing the IRLW of the TOEFL iBT test. They used different integrated writing strategies, depending on their learning styles, cognitive levels, experiences, abilities, levels of anxiety of each test-taker, and the environment of the test. The affective, cognitive, metacognitive, and test-wiseness strategies were all used in their own way to solve their problems. It implies that future test-takers need to learn and apply all positive strategies based on their learning styles. English teachers, therefore, should teach positive strategies of IRLW because students might not know the importance of the strategies and how to use them in the test.

Strategies employed by EFL doctoral candidates in dissertation writing completion Saiful Marhaban; Nur Mukminatien; Utami Widiati; Teguh Sulistyo; Wardani Dwi Suhastyanang; Yunita Puspitasari; Asnawi Muslem
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

This research study aimed at revealing the strategies employed by successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) doctoral candidates in accomplishing their dissertation writing and their perspectives in association with the stages of research report writing. This is a narrative qualitative inquiry, and the data were collected through an in-depth interview with ten successful EFL fresh graduates who had completed their dissertation writing within six and seven semesters. Using a retrospective technique, the respondents were asked to recall their experiences and activities during the process of writing their dissertation. The results reveal that the successful doctoral candidates used four main strategies of dissertation writing: cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. In completing each of the dissertation stages, the doctoral candidates spent much time reading a huge collection of research articles, writing their dissertation on a daily basis, and having intensive consultation with their advisors. This study would be useful for EFL doctoral students to avoid delay in completing their studies and to meet their academic timeline so that they can face their challenging dissertation writing to complete their study on time.

Exploring self-regulated writing strategies: A comparison between paragraphs and essays Ratih Novita Sari; Atik Umamah; Merliyani Putri Anggraini; M. Affandi Arianto; Kurniasih Kurniasih; Nur Mukminatien
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v10i2.26146

Writing requires a complex skill, and thus students need to regulate themselves in employing the appropriate strategies to achieve good writing performance. The present research investigated Self-Regulated Writing (SRW) strategies used by EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students. It contrasted the students' strategies related to the complex structure of the texts (i.e., paragraphs and essays) and students’ writing performance. The data information came from two separate sets of self-regulated learning strategy questionnaire, as well as writing outcomes of the students. Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test were utilized to evaluate the data. The six dimensions of SRW strategies were extensively utilized in paragraph and essay writings. The six dimensions include motive, method, time, performance, physical environment, and social environment. Interestingly, the social environment dimension had the highest mean score, showing that the students needed assistance from their peers and available learning resources. Meanwhile, the motive dimension obtained the lowest mean in both paragraph and essay writings. Furthermore, the analysis showed no significant statistical difference in using SRW strategies in writing paragraphs and essays except in the method dimension. The difference in strategy use based on achievement was also not significant. The results indicate that the students applied similar SRW strategies in paragraph and essay writings regardless of their proficiency levels. Pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research are also further discussed in the article.

Problems faced and strategies applied by test-takers in completing the TOEFL iBT Test Imam Wahyudi Karimullah; Nur Mukminatien
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 9, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v9i2.23129

The present study aimed at exploring strategies applied and the problems test-takers faced before, during, and after working on an integrated reading-listening-writing (IRLW) task. This narrative inquiry research employed 23 students taking a TOEFL iBT test in the Indonesian context using the purposive sampling technique. The respondents answered a questionnaire and written questions related to the problems they faced during the test and their strategies to solve the problems. The test-takers’ responses from the interview were used to confirm the data from the responses to written questions. The researchers used an in-depth interview protocol to explore the test-takers’ strategies to solve the problems they faced when doing the test. The interview process was conducted right after they finished the test. The data from the questionnaire, written questions, and interviews were further analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that the test-takers encountered internal and external problems in completing the IRLW of the TOEFL iBT test. They used different integrated writing strategies, depending on their learning styles, cognitive levels, experiences, abilities, levels of anxiety of each test-taker, and the environment of the test. The affective, cognitive, metacognitive, and test-wiseness strategies were all used in their own way to solve their problems. It implies that future test-takers need to learn and apply all positive strategies based on their learning styles. English teachers, therefore, should teach positive strategies of IRLW because students might not know the importance of the strategies and how to use them in the test.

Strategies employed by EFL doctoral candidates in dissertation writing completion Saiful Marhaban; Nur Mukminatien; Utami Widiati; Teguh Sulistyo; Wardani Dwi Suhastyanang; Yunita Puspitasari; Asnawi Muslem
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v8i2.17694

This research study aimed at revealing the strategies employed by successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) doctoral candidates in accomplishing their dissertation writing and their perspectives in association with the stages of research report writing. This is a narrative qualitative inquiry, and the data were collected through an in-depth interview with ten successful EFL fresh graduates who had completed their dissertation writing within six and seven semesters. Using a retrospective technique, the respondents were asked to recall their experiences and activities during the process of writing their dissertation. The results reveal that the successful doctoral candidates used four main strategies of dissertation writing: cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. In completing each of the dissertation stages, the doctoral candidates spent much time reading a huge collection of research articles, writing their dissertation on a daily basis, and having intensive consultation with their advisors. This study would be useful for EFL doctoral students to avoid delay in completing their studies and to meet their academic timeline so that they can face their challenging dissertation writing to complete their study on time.

Exploring self-regulated writing strategies: A comparison between paragraphs and essays Sari, Ratih Novita; Umamah, Atik; Anggraini, Merliyani Putri; Arianto, M. Affandi; Kurniasih, Kurniasih; Mukminatien, Nur
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v10i2.26146

Writing requires a complex skill, and thus students need to regulate themselves in employing the appropriate strategies to achieve good writing performance. The present research investigated Self-Regulated Writing (SRW) strategies used by EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students. It contrasted the students' strategies related to the complex structure of the texts (i.e., paragraphs and essays) and students writing performance. The data information came from two separate sets of self-regulated learning strategy questionnaire, as well as writing outcomes of the students. Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test were utilized to evaluate the data. The six dimensions of SRW strategies were extensively utilized in paragraph and essay writings. The six dimensions include motive, method, time, performance, physical environment, and social environment. Interestingly, the social environment dimension had the highest mean score, showing that the students needed assistance from their peers and available learning resources. Meanwhile, the motive dimension obtained the lowest mean in both paragraph and essay writings. Furthermore, the analysis showed no significant statistical difference in using SRW strategies in writing paragraphs and essays except in the method dimension. The difference in strategy use based on achievement was also not significant. The results indicate that the students applied similar SRW strategies in paragraph and essay writings regardless of their proficiency levels. Pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research are also further discussed in the article.

Teachers made writing assessment instrument: Pedagogical insight from process to product Khotimah, Khusnul; Batunan, Deisyi Anna; Mukminatien, Nur
Studies in English Language and Education Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/siele.v11i1.26774

Despite the urgency of assessment instruments in teaching foreign language writing, evidence regarding how teachers develop assessment instruments and maintain their quality, particularly for comparison and contrast essay writing based on a genre-based approach to teachers classroom practices, is scantily reported. To address this empirical need, this article showcases how a set of teacher-made assessment instruments for a comparison and contrast essay based on a genre-based approach in a writing essay course at a public university in East Java was carefully and deliberately developed. To attain the research objective, this research enacted design-based research (DBR) inspired by Cavallaro and Sembiante (2021). In addition to content validity, face validity and inter-rater reliability were ensured by involving ten students, three fellow writing teachers, and two trained raters. This assessment instrument development project produces a set of valid formative assessment instruments, comprising a writing prompt and scoring rubric. The inter-rater reliability shows a high degree of positive correlation with a reliability coefficient of 0.862 from a correlational analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficient. This in-practice assessment instrument development can be used as a reference, contributing to the teachers assessment literacy development. It also serves as a valuable model for future researchers to develop and expand nested classroom assessment scholarship. A well-structured validity and reliability process of assessment instrument development will practically enhance the teaching practices in the essay writing course in particular and EFL teaching in general.

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