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All Journal EJIP BIOL BERKALA SAINSTEK Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Kreatif Tadulako Online Kreatif Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat BIOEDUSCIENCE Jurnal Biologi Tropis JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) Jurnal Abdidas Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Media Eksakta Literasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Indonesia Journal of Biology Science and Education Journal of Current Studies in SDGs Journal of Current Studies in SDGs
Fatmah Dhafir
Department Of Biology Education, Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia, 94148
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Identifikasi Ektoparasit Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Suardi, Magfira; Dhafir, Fatmah; Sabran, Moh.; Sutrisnawati, Sutrisnawati; Ramadhan, Achmad; Agni, Raya
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v13i3.16667

Abstract

This study aims is to identify the types of ectoparasites affecting Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research employed a survey method with purposive sampling technique. Fish samples were collected from two different locations, namely a tarpaulin pond and a soil pond in Binangga Village, Marawola District, Sigi Regency. Ten fish were sampled from each location and subsequently identified in the Biology Education Laboratory at Tadulako University. Observations were made on the external parts of the Nile tilapia, including the mucus, gills, fins, and tail. The parameter observed was the type of ectoparasite infecting the Nile tilapia. The results indicated the identification of five ectoparasite species: Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Attheyella sp., Cichlidogyrus sp., and Unitubulotestis sardae in 20 Nile tilapia samples. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites was found in the tarpaulin pond. However, both the tarpaulin and soil ponds shared one common ectoparasite species, Unitubulotestis sardae. The conclusion of this study is that Nile tilapia in both locations are infected by various ectoparasite species, with differences in prevalence between the tarpaulin and soil ponds.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga di Berbagai Lahan Pertanian Kecamatan Basidondo Putri, Adelia; Dhafir, Fatmah; Zainal, Syech; Sabran, Moh.; Agni, Raya; Sutrisnawati, Sutrisnawati
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v13i3.16708

Abstract

This research aims to describe the level of diversity of insect species in various agricultural lands in Basidondo District, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted in January-March 2025 using descriptive methods and quantitative approaches that aim to make a description or descriptive of a situation objectively using numbers. Insect sampling techniques were carried out with four types, namely pitfall trap, light trap, sweeping net, and hand collection. The insects obtained were then identified according to the taxonomic order with the help of insect determination key book, and analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'). The results showed that there were 24 types of insect families that were successfully identified. The value of the diversity index (H') was 3.13, which was classified as high diversity. These results indicate that agricultural land in Basidondo District has environmental conditions that support the diversity of insect communities, which can contribute to the stability of agricultural ecosystems. High diversity indicates a balance between insect pests and natural enemies, as well as the role of insects as pollinators and decomposers.
Density of Clams (Polymesoda sp.) in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Pinotu Village, Toribulu District, Parigi Moutong Regency Nuning Niwana; Masrianih; Moh. Sabran; Sutrisnawati; Syech Zainal; Fatmah Dhafir
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i1.19828

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the density of Polymesoda sp. in the mangrove ecosystem of Pinotu Village, Toribulu District, Parigi Moutong Regency, an area experiencing habitat pressure due to environmental change. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied using purposive sampling across three stations: Station 1 behind the residential area, Station 2 in the central mangrove zone, and Station 3 near shrimp ponds. Sampling was conducted at low tide using a line transect method with zigzag plots. Each station consisted of three 25 m transects spaced 10 m apart, with five 1 m² plots established along each transect, yielding a total of 45 observation plots. Environmental parameters measured included temperature, salinity, and pH. The highest density of Polymesoda sp. was recorded at Station 2 (2.93 ind/m²), followed by Station 1 (1.87 ind/m²), whereas the lowest density was observed at Station 3 (0.87 ind/m²). Differences in density were associated with habitat variation, particularly mangrove vegetation density, substrate characteristics, and environmental physical and chemical conditions. These findings indicate that more stable and better-preserved mangrove habitats support higher densities of Polymesoda sp., highlighting the importance of habitat quality in sustaining its population.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Communities in Bou Village, Sojol District, Donggala Regency Amelia Sry Utami; Fatmah Dhafir; Musdalifah Nurdin; Lestari M. P. Alibasyah; I Made Budiarsa; Vita Indri Febriani
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i1.19891

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and document the medicinal plant species utilized by the community in Bou Village, Sojol District, Donggala Regency, including their methods of preparation, the plant parts used, and the types of diseases treated. This research employed a qualitative descriptive design using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through field observations, unstructured interviews with six informants who possessed traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, and direct documentation. The data were analyzed descriptively using a qualitative approach by describing the medicinal plant species identified, including their local names, scientific names, families, parts used, therapeutic uses, and methods of preparation. The results showed that 24 medicinal plant species belonging to 18 families were used to treat various ailments, most commonly fever, digestive disorders, urinary tract infections, coughs, and others. Leaves were the plant part most frequently used, while boiling was the most common method of preparation. This study highlights the importance of preserving local communities’ traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants as a form of local wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation and should be sustainably maintained.
The Effect of Nutrition Education on Students’ Breakfast Habits and Academic Achievement at SMA Negeri 1 Sausu Ni Luh Indrianti; Lilies; Abd. Hakim Laenggeng; Fatmah Dhafir; Syech Zainal; Musdalifah Nurdin
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i1.19914

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education on students’ breakfast habits and learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Sausu, while also highlighting its role in promoting healthier breakfast behaviors among students. The study employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 23 tenth-grade students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess students’ breakfast habits before and after the intervention, as well as documentation of students’ learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis through mean scores, score improvement, and N-gain values. The results showed that the mean breakfast habit score increased from 40.09 in the pretest to 48.43 in the posttest, with an N-gain of 0.14, which was categorized as low. In addition, the mean learning outcome score increased from 77.30 before the intervention to 80.17 after the intervention, with an N-gain of 0.13, also categorized as low. These findings indicate that nutrition education contributed positively to improvements in students’ breakfast habits and learning outcomes, although the level of effectiveness remained low. Therefore, nutrition education has the potential to serve as a promotive and preventive strategy for fostering healthy breakfast behaviors and supporting academic improvement, provided that it is implemented continuously and supported by both the family and the school environment.
Effects of Red Coconut Tembuluk (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) Extract on Creatinine Level Reduction in Mice (Mus musculus) Amelia A Riuh; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Fatmah Dhafir; I Nengah Kundera
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.699-704

Abstract

Creatinine is a key biochemical indicator of renal function, and elevated creatinine levels reflect impaired kidney performance. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a known nephrotoxic agent that induces oxidative stress and renal damage. This study evaluate the effect of red coconut tembuluk (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) extract on creatinine in CCl4-induced mice (Mus musculus). The study employed an experimental laboratory design using 24 male mice, which were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (CCl4-induced), and four treatment groups administered red coconut tembuluk extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%. Renal damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 at a dose of 1 mL/kg body weight. The extract was administered orally for eight consecutive days following induction. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after treatment. The results showed that CCl4 induction significantly increased creatinine levels in the negative control group compared to the normal control, indicating impaired renal function. Administration of red coconut tembuluk extract resulted in a significant reduction in creatinine levels across all treatment groups, with the most pronounced effect observed at the 80% concentration. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of the extract on creatinine reduction (p < 0.05), followed by a Least Significant Difference (LSD) test confirming differences among treatment groups. The nephroprotective effect of the extract is likely associated with its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, antioxidants, and L-arginine, which contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and support renal tissue recovery. In conclusion, red coconut tembuluk extract effectively reduces serum creatinine levels in CCl4-induced mice, with the 80% concentration showing the greatest protective effect. These findings suggest that red coconut tembuluk has potential as a natural nephroprotective agent.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Sulawesi Endemic Butterfly Papilio blumei Using the COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) Gene Rizkia Khairunnisa; I Made Budiarsa; Isnainar Isnainar; Manap Trianto; Yulia Windarsih; Fatmah Dhafir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.845-852

Abstract

Phylogenetics is a method used to study and analyze evolutionary relationships among living organisms. In phylogenetic studies, organisms that share similar traits or characteristics are considered to have close evolutionary relationships, as they are assumed to have originated from a common ancestor. Papilio blumei is characterized by wings with a bright, iridescent green coloration. This study aimed to describe the phylogenetic relationship of P. blumei based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Sampling was conducted using a roaming (exploratory) method. DNA was isolated using the GS 100gSYNCTM DNA Extraction Kit. DNA amplification was performed using COI primers (LCO1490 forward and HCO2198 reverse) through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA electrophoresis was carried out using 1% agarose gel, a UV transilluminator, and a gel documentation system. Data were analyzed using GeneStudio, DnaSP, BLAST, DNASTAR, and MESQUITE software, and phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods in MEGA 11 with the Kimura 2-parameter model and 10,000 bootstrap replications. The results showed that the DNA samples had a 99.50% identity with the reference sequences in GenBank. Genetic variation analysis revealed two haplotypes with haplotype diversity (hd = 0.600 ± 0.175) and nucleotide diversity (phi = 0.00051 ± 0.00015). Phylogenetic tree reconstruction formed a single monophyletic cluster of P. blumei with bootstrap values ranging from 99% to 100%. A genetic distance of 0.00% among populations from Central Sulawesi (PBPSST.1, PBPSST.2, PBPSST.3), North Sulawesi (JQ982056.1), and South Sulawesi (JQ982058.1) confirms that all P. blumei samples have very close genetic relationships.
Species and Cladystic of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Malonas Village, Dampelas District, Central Sulawesi Devi Devi; Mohammad Jamhari; Manap Trianto; Yulia Windarsih; Rafiqa Rafiqa; Fatmah Dhafir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.763-769

Abstract

Butterflies are a group of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, commonly known as scale-winged insects. This study examines the kinship relationships of butterfly species (Lepidoptera) based on morphological and morphometric characters in Malonas Village, Dampelas District, Central Sulawesi, an area that has not been previously documented. The objectives of this study were to identify butterfly characters through morphological and morphometric analyses and to construct kinship patterns that reflect the level of phylogenetic similarity among butterfly species. The research was conducted using a descriptive exploratory method. Sampling was carried out across all areas of Malonas Village, including residential areas, rivers, forests, and plantations, using a roaming survey method with free collection techniques, resulting in 10 butterfly species with a total of 30 individuals. Morphological and morphometric analyses included measurements of wing dimensions and major body parts. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) to determine kinship patterns. The UPGMA analysis showed that all species had a relatively high level of similarity, with a similarity value of approximately 0.78, indicating close relationships among species. PCA results revealed that two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 67.0% of the total morphological variation, accounting for 45.3% and 21.7%, respectively. Loading plots indicated that morphometric characters related to wing size and proportions were the main contributors to the formation of the principal components. Biplot graphs demonstrated species grouping based on similarities in morphological and morphometric characters, as well as positive correlations among variables within the same quadrant. The results of this study confirm that wing morphometric characters play an important role in explaining morphological variation and phylogenetic relationships of butterflies in Malonas Village.
Butterfly Species (Lepidoptera) in Forest Area of Namo Village, Kulawi District, Sigi Regency Uzaini Nur Rahma; Bustamin Bustamin; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Raya Agni; Abd Rauf
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.499-504

Abstract

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) are one of the insect groups that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance, particularly as pollinators of various flowering plants and as indicators of environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify and describe butterfly species (order: Lepidoptera) found in the forest area of Namo Village, Kulawi District, Sigi Regency. The research employed a descriptive method with an exploratory (survey) technique. Sampling was conducted at three different observation stations. Field data were collected over three days, with two sampling periods per day, from 07:00 to 11:00 and 14:00 to 17:00 local time (WITA). Samples were collected using insect nets and subsequently identified based on morphological characteristics. The results of the study revealed 27 butterfly species belonging to four major families. These families are Nymphalidae (17 species), Papilionidae (6 species), Pieridae (3 species), and Lycaenidae (1 species). The diversity analysis indicated that the family Nymphalidae had the highest number of species. Environmental factors, such as the abundance of host plants in the genus Lantana and host plants of the genus Mangivera, as well as abiotic conditions including an average temperature of 27°C, humidity of 70.33%, and light intensity of 786 cd, were strongly suspected to support the high variation in butterfly species.
Foraging Activity and Potential Forage Plant Resources Surrounding the Nests of Tetragonula laeviceps Ni Kadek Deladarmi Yanti; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Yulia Windarsih; Mursito S Bialangi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.853-859

Abstract

Stingless bees are highly social insects that live in well-organized colonies characterized by a clear division of labor among individuals, including workers, queens, and males. These bees play an important ecological role as pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. One of the most commonly encountered stingless bee species in Indonesia is Tetragonula laeviceps, which is widely distributed and well adapted to various environmental conditions. T. laeviceps relies on flight activity to forage for nectar and pollen from flowering plants located around its nest. Plants that produce nectar, pollen, and resin, which are further processed into honey and propolis, serve as essential food and material resources for sustaining stingless bee colonies. This study aimed to examine the foraging activity patterns of T. laeviceps and to identify potential forage plant resources surrounding its nest. The research employed a descriptive exploratory design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Observations were conducted to record the daily flight activity of bees leaving the nest, returning with pollen, and returning without pollen, as well as to identify plant species that potentially serve as forage sources. The results showed that peak foraging activity occurred between 08:00 and 09:00 WITA, indicated by a high number of bees exiting the nest and returning with or without pollen. Foraging activity gradually declined toward the late afternoon, particularly between 16:00 and 17:00 WITA. This pattern reflects the daily rhythm of stingless bees, which includes an orientation and exploration phase in the morning, an exploitation phase during midday, and a gradual cessation of activity in the late afternoon. Observations of forage resources around the nests of T. laeviceps recorded a total of 13 plant species. Among these, seven species produced both nectar and pollen, three species produced only nectar, and three species produced only pollen. The diversity of forage plants indicates that the environment surrounding the nest provides sufficient and sustainable nutritional resources to support the growth and stability of the T. laeviceps colony.
Co-Authors Aan Febriawan Abd Hakim Laenggeng Abd Hakim Laenggeng, Abd Hakim Abd Rauf Abd Rauf Abd Rauf Abd. Hakim Laenggeng Abd. Hakim Laenggeng Abd. Hakim Laenggeng, Abd. Hakim Abd. Hakim Langgeng Abd. Rauf Abd. Rauf Abdul Ashari Abdul Hakim Achmad - Ramadhan, Achmad - Achmad Ramadhan Achmad Ramadhan Achmad Ramadhan Achmad, Mestawaty As. Adi Fahri Agreista Toripa Agustin Tiwow Amalia Buntu Amelia A Riuh Amelia Sry Utami Amiruddin Kasim Amran Rede Amran Rede Andi Mamas Andi Tanra Tellu Annisa, Rezky Artha, Fandy Ashari, Abdul Ayu Rifka Ramadani Burhan Burhan, Burhan Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin D, Mutiara Datubaringan, Jein David Pebriyanto Tulak Dawa, Linda M Delima, Nur Devi Devi Dewi Tureni Erna, Ni Kadek Estin Nursanti Handayani Fadhilah Fadhilah Faradila, Ratna Febriawan, Aan Felisia Talantu Firga Feliana, Firga Gamar Binti Non Shamdas Hadijah S. Pago Hayyatun Mawaddah Henny Chandra Hj. Musdalifah Nurdin I Ketut Suada I Made Budiarsa I Nengah Kundera Iin B Mantulangi Ika Istadewi Illah, Ininna Nur Isnainar Isnainar Isnainar Isnainar Isninar, Isnainar Kaltisa, Kaltisa Laksono Trisnantoro Latompai, Nismawati I. Lestari M. P. Alibasyah Lestari M.P. Alibasyah Lilies Lilies Lusiana - - Manap Trianto MARIA BINTANG Maria Ulpa Djuanda Masriani . Masriani Masriani Masrianih Masrianih Masrianih Mestawaty As. Achmad Mestawaty Mestawaty Minarni Rama Jura Moh Dhuhri Surya Wirawan Mohammad Jamhari Mudrikah Tus Sa'diah Murnadi, Ni Kade Murni Ammalia Mursito S Bialangi Mursito S. Bialangi Musdalifah Nurdin Musdayanti Musdayanti Muslika Nifatun Umaya Najma AR. Talamoa Ni Kadek Apriyani Ni Kadek Deladarmi Yanti Ni Luh Indrianti Nismawati I. Latompai Novriadi Novriadi Nuning Niwana Nur Hikmah Nuraini Nuraini Nurly Maftukhah Nurrahma Jumaliani Nursam Nursam Nurul Amna Moh Said Nurwahda, Nurwahda Permatasari, Ni Kadek Dewi Puspitasari, Amira Putri, Adelia Putri, Aticha Anata Putu Maharani Rafiqa Rafiqa Rafiqa Rafiqa RAFIQA RAFIQA, RAFIQA Rafiqah Rafiqah Rahmadhani, Lili Ratnawathi, Ni Wayan Raya Agni Rezkiana, Sry Ayu Rifana Lemba Rizkia Khairunnisa Safitri, Gusti Ayu Kadek Yunita Salbia Salbia Samsurizal, M. Sulaeman Silvia Agustin Sinta Sinta Sitti Nur Fadhilah Suardi, Magfira Sukmawati Sukmawati SULFIANTI, SULFIANTI Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Sutrisna Sutrisna Sutrisnawati Mardin Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati Syaifuloh, Syaifullah Syech Zainal Syech Zainal Tulak, David Pebriyanto Uzaini Nur Rahma Vadillah Vadillah Vita Indri Febriani Windarsih, Yulia Yusril Ihza Mahendra Yusril Ihza Mahendra Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti Zulkaidah - -, Zulkaidah -