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All Journal EJIP BIOL BERKALA SAINSTEK Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Kreatif Tadulako Online Kreatif Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat BIOEDUSCIENCE Jurnal Biologi Tropis JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) Jurnal Abdidas Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Media Eksakta Literasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Indonesia Journal of Biology Science and Education Journal of Current Studies in SDGs Journal of Current Studies in SDGs
Fatmah Dhafir
Department Of Biology Education, Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education, Tadulako University, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia, 94148
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Analysis of Flavonoid and Tannin Contents in Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) Extract Adi Fahri; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti; Fatmah Dhafir; Masrianih Masrianih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1003-1009

Abstract

Pumpkin is one of the herbal plants that possesses various medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its seeds. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in pumpkin seed extract using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Qualitative analysis was conducted through color reaction tests using several specific reagents to identify the presence of flavonoid and tannin compounds. Quantitative analysis was performed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method based on standard solution calibration curves to determine the concentration of each compound. The qualitative test results indicated that the pumpkin seed extract positively contained flavonoids and tannins, as evidenced by the formation of specific color changes in each test. The quantitative analysis showed that the average flavonoid content was 9.34 mg/g, while the average tannin content was 9.42 mg/g. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that pumpkin seed extract contains high levels of flavonoid and tannin compounds, indicating its potential as a natural source of antioxidants. This study is expected to serve as a basis for further development regarding the potential utilization of pumpkin seeds with pharmacological effects.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Sulawesi Endemic Butterfly Cethosia myrina Using the COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) Gene Iin B Mantulangi; Masrianih Masrianih; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti; Amalia Buntu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1055-1063

Abstract

Cethosia myrina is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae and is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. The phylogenetic relationships of this species were investigated through molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetics is a method used to examine the evolutionary relationships among living organisms. This study aimed to describe the phylogenetic relationships of C. myrina based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. Samples were collected using an exploratory survey method. Genomic DNA was isolated using the GS 100gSYNC™ DNA Extraction Kit. DNA amplification was performed using COI primers (LCO1490 forward and HCO2198 reverse) through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Amplified DNA fragments were visualized using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, a UV transilluminator, and a gel documentation system. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses were conducted using Gene Studio, DnaSP, BLAST, DNASTAR, and MESQUITE software. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods in MEGA version 11, applying the Kimura 2-parameter model with 10,000 bootstrap replicates. The results demonstrated that both the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods produced phylogenetic trees that clearly illustrated the evolutionary relationships among the analyzed samples. Genetic variation analysis revealed the presence of two haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.603 ± 0.165 and a nucleotide diversity (?) of 0.00053 ± 0.00013. Phylogenetic reconstruction formed a single monophyletic clade of C. myrina supported by a 99% bootstrap value. A genetic distance of 0.00% was observed among populations from Central Sulawesi (CMST1.1, CMST1.2, and CMST1.3), Central Sulawesi (EU275514.1), and South Sulawesi (HM998338.1), indicating an extremely close genetic relationship among these populations.
Analysis of Daily Behavioral Patterns of Purebred Cats Before and After Sterilization Henny Chandra; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Syech Zainal; Fatmah Dhafir; Masrianih Masrianih; Manap Trianto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1183-1192

Abstract

Male domestic cats tend to exhibit different behaviors influenced by reproductive hormones, such as aggression, territorial instincts, and relatively high levels of exploratory activity. Sterilization (castration) has been shown to reduce the production of these hormones, which may consequently affect cats' daily behavioral patterns. This study aimed to examine changes in the daily behavior of domestic male cats before and after sterilization (castration). Observations were conducted on 15 cats (A–O), with variables including feeding frequency, sleeping patterns, grooming behavior, play activity, aggressive behavior, social interactions, and physical health. The method employed was direct observation of cat behavior before and after the sterilization procedure. The findings revealed significant behavioral changes following sterilization, including reduced aggression, decreased roaming activity, increased resting time, and more regular feeding patterns. In addition, social interactions with humans and other cats increased, while the cats’ physical condition became more stable. The degree of behavioral change varied among individual cats and was influenced by factors such as breed, age, individual temperament, and the environment in which they were kept. Therefore, sterilization not only plays an important role in population control but also contributes to improved behavioral stability and overall welfare in domestic male cats.
Habitat Characteristics of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) Nesting Sites in Bukit Jaya Village, Banggai Regency, Indonesia Nuraini Nuraini; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Rafiqa Rafiqa; Masrianih Masrianih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1011-1019

Abstract

The Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is an endemic bird species found in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This species belongs to the order Galliformes and is distinguished by a prominent black, hard casque on its head, an orange beak, predominantly black plumage, and yellowish facial skin. The Maleo exhibits a unique reproductive strategy, as it does not incubate its eggs directly. Instead, it buries them in loose sandy soil that is naturally heated by geothermal activity. According to the 2021 assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Maleo is classified as Critically Endangered under criteria A2cd+4cd (Version 3.1) of the IUCN Red List. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of Maleo nesting habitats in Bukit Jaya Village, Banggai Regency, in order to support the conservation of suitable in situ breeding and nesting environments. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on direct field observations and literature review. Sampling stations were determined using an exploratory survey method, in which sites were purposively selected based on habitat characteristics to observe Maleo nesting conditions and the surrounding vegetation. Data collected included nesting-hole depth and width, temperatures inside and outside the nesting holes, sand surface temperature, and humidity. Measurements were conducted three times daily at 08:00, 13:00, and 17:00. The results showed that: (1) nesting-hole depth ranged from 43 to 46 cm, with an average of 44.4 cm; (2) nesting-hole width ranged from 47 to 53 cm, with an average of 50 cm; (3) between 08:00 and 17:00, the average temperature inside the nesting holes was 31°C, the average temperature outside the holes was 35.74°C, the average sand surface temperature was 36.2°C, and the average relative humidity was 72.62%; and (4) the nesting habitat in Bukit Jaya Village was characterized by diverse vegetation growth forms, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbing plants (lianas). A total of 16 plant species belonging to 12 families were identified within the nesting habitat. The protection of nesting habitats should be continuously strengthened to help prevent the extinction of this valuable and iconic bird species.
Microplastics in the Digestive Tract of Eels (Anguilla sp.) from Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, and Their Use as Educational Media Felisia Talantu; Fatmah Dhafir; Masrianih; Abd. Hakim Laenggeng; Rafiqa; Amalia Buntu
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20701

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the occurrence and abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of eels (Anguilla sp.) from Lake Poso and to implement the findings as an educational poster-based learning medium. A quantitative descriptive method was employed using six eel samples collected from the Pamona area. Microplastic analysis was conducted through organic matter digestion using 10% KOH solution, filtration with Whatman No. 42 filter paper, and microscopic particle identification. The results showed that all samples (100%) were contaminated with microplastics, with a total of 221 particles and an average abundance of 36.8 particles per individual. The identified microplastic types consisted of fibers (56.56%), fragments (23.53%), and films (19.91%), while pellets were not detected. The dominance of fibers suggests that the main sources of contamination were likely domestic and fishing activities around Lake Poso. The research findings were subsequently developed into an educational poster, which obtained an average feasibility score of 84% and was categorized as highly feasible. These findings contribute to scientific knowledge on microplastic contamination in freshwater eels and demonstrate the potential of local research findings to serve as contextual learning resources for improving students’ environmental literacy and awareness.
Microplastics in Lake Poso Sediments and Their Use as Educational Media Agreista Toripa; Fatmah Dhafir; Musdalifah Nurdin; Masrianih; Abd. Hakim Langgeng; Syech Zainal
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20727

Abstract

Microplastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern because these particles can accumulate in aquatic ecosystems but are difficult to detect visually. This study aimed to identify the morphological types and determine the density of microplastics in sediments from Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and to develop an educational poster based on the findings. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied. Sediment samples were collected from three categories of sites: an area with minimal human activity, a tourism area, and a residential area. Two sampling points were established at each site, yielding six sediment samples. At each sampling point, 200 mL of sediment was collected using the hand-collection method and analyzed at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University. Organic matter was digested using a 10% KOH solution, after which the samples were filtered and examined microscopically. Suspected microplastic particles were classified as fibers, fragments, films, or pellets. Microplastics were detected in all sediment samples, although their density varied among sites. Fragments were the most abundant type, followed by fibers, films, and pellets. Microplastic densities were 170 particles/100 g of dry sediment at the site with minimal human activity, 281 particles/100 g at the tourism site, and 218.5 particles/100 g at the residential site. The educational poster developed from these findings was evaluated by content, design, and media experts, as well as student users, and was categorized as highly suitable for educational use. These findings indicate that Lake Poso sediments are contaminated with microplastics, potentially associated with tourism, fisheries, residential activities, and other anthropogenic inputs. Improved waste management and environmental monitoring are therefore needed to reduce microplastic contamination in the lake.
Microplastic Analysis in the Digestive Tract of Squid (Loligo sp.) Sold at a Traditional Market in Palu City and Its Application as an Educational Medium Ni Kadek Apriyani; Fatmah Dhafir; Abd. Rauf; Achmad Ramadhan; Moh. Sabran; Masrianih
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20735

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the morphological types of microplastics present in the digestive tracts of squid (Loligo sp.) sold at a traditional market in Palu City. A descriptive approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses was employed. A total of 10 fresh squid specimens were randomly selected from a single vendor at Lasowani Traditional Market. The digestive tracts were isolated, digested using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), and incubated at 40°C for 96 h. The recovered particles were subsequently classified and counted, and microplastic abundance was calculated. Three morphological types of microplastics—fibers, films, and fragments—were detected in the digestive tracts of the 10 squid specimens. A total of 948 particles were recorded, corresponding to a mean abundance of 94.8 particles per individual. Films were the most prevalent type, accounting for 48.4% of the total particles, followed by fragments at 26.7% and fibers at 24.9%. These findings indicate that film-type microplastics were dominant in the digestive tracts of the examined squid. Based on the research findings, an educational poster was also developed and subjected to expert validation. The poster achieved a feasibility score of 82.23%, indicating that it was highly suitable, based on the validation results, for use as a learning resource in biology education.
Analisis Kesiapan Guru Dalam Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri Bungku Timur Estin Nursanti Handayani; Mohammad Jamhari; Fatmah Dhafir; Lestari M.P. Alibasyah; Hayyatun Mawaddah; Musdalifah Nurdin
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v13i4.18646

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the level of teacher readiness in teaching science at Bungku Timur Public Junior High School. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Research data were collected through observation of learning tools, observation of the learning process, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects involved science teachers from four public junior high schools in the Bungku Timur area. The results showed that (1) the readiness of learning tools, including the education calendar, annual program, semester program, teaching modules, and teaching materials, was in the Ready to Very Ready category, with an achievement percentage ranging from 81.25% to 100%; (2) it was found that two schools had fulfilled all the tools completely, while the other two schools still needed improvement in several components; (3) for the readiness of the learning process, the aspects of teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and skills showed excellent results; (4) Teachers have a strong understanding of science material, learning strategies, and student characteristics; (5) Teachers demonstrate high motivation to teach, a positive attitude towards innovation, and good work discipline. In terms of skills, teachers are considered quite skilled in developing learning tools, managing media, and implementing active learning, with a rating of “Ready”.
Edukasi Partisipatif Tentang Ancaman dan Kerentanan Mikroplastik terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat di Pesisir Pantai Banawa Selatan Fatmah Dhafir; Hayyatun Mawaddah; Abd Rauf; Ika Istadewi; Putu Maharani
Jurnal Abdidas Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/abdidas.v7i1.1301

Abstract

Kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat di desa Tanamea akan bahaya dari cemaran mikroplastik masih rendah, yang ditunjukkan dari cara pengolahan sampah oleh masyarakat, yaitu dengan membakar ataupun menguburkan dalam tanah tanpa memisahkan antara sampah plastik dengan sampah lainnya. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membangun kesadaran, pemahaman dan literasi masyarakat desa Tanamea akan bahaya mikroplastik bagi kesehatan, agar masyarakat lebih bijak dalam penggunaan produk berbahan plastik, serta melakukan pengolahan sampah plastik dengan benar. Kegiatan PkM ini dilaksanakan di desa Tanamea, Banawa Selatan, dengan jumlah warga selaku partisipan sebanyak 28 orang. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM ini mengadopsi pendekatan metode PkM Partisipatory Action Research (PAR). Dari kegiatan PkM ini, antusias masyarakat terlihat dari beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan, meliputi cara mengatasi/mengendalikan cemaran mikroplastik, khsusunya yang masuk pada tubuh manusia, cara mengurangi bahaya penggunaan produk perlengkapan rumah tangga berbahan plastik. Selain itu, masyarakat juga meminta penjelasan terkait cara penanganan sampah plastik yang terdapat di area pesisir pantai desa Tanamea, yang pada dasarnya adalah sampah plastik yang terbawa arus laut. Dari kegiatan pengabdian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu adanya upaya berkelanjutan dalam membangun kesadaran masyarakat terkait penanganan sampah plastik
Analysis of Vitamin C Content in Ruku-Ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Leaves Salbia Salbia; Fatmah Dhafir; Abdul Ashari; Musdalifah Nurdin; Amalia Buntu; Manap Trianto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1475-1480

Abstract

Ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) is widely recognized as a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The leaves are the most commonly utilized part of the plant, particularly for treating various health conditions such as fever, cough, joint and nerve pain, oral ulcers, tinea versicolor, nausea, and vomiting. Ruku-ruku leaves contain various essential nutrients, including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the vitamin C content of ruku-ruku leaves. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method using the iodimetric titration technique. The samples consisted of young, mature, and old leaves collected from Tulo Village, Sigi Regency, Indonesia. Vitamin C content was measured with three replications for each sample. The results showed that the highest vitamin C content was found in young leaves, with an average value of 70.89 mg/100 g, followed by mature leaves at 54.18 mg/100 g and old leaves at 33.80 mg/100 g. Differences in vitamin C content were influenced by the level of leaf maturity, with younger leaves containing higher concentrations of vitamin C than older leaves.
Co-Authors Aan Febriawan Abd Hakim Laenggeng Abd Hakim Laenggeng, Abd Hakim Abd Rauf Abd Rauf Abd Rauf Abd. Hakim Laenggeng Abd. Hakim Laenggeng Abd. Hakim Laenggeng, Abd. Hakim Abd. Hakim Langgeng Abd. Rauf Abd. Rauf Abdul Ashari Abdul Hakim Achmad - Ramadhan, Achmad - Achmad Ramadhan Achmad Ramadhan Achmad Ramadhan Achmad, Mestawaty As. Adi Fahri Agreista Toripa Agustin Tiwow Amalia Buntu Amelia A Riuh Amelia Sry Utami Amiruddin Kasim Amran Rede Amran Rede Andi Mamas Andi Tanra Tellu Annisa, Rezky Artha, Fandy Ashari, Abdul Ayu Rifka Ramadani Burhan Burhan, Burhan Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin D, Mutiara Datubaringan, Jein David Pebriyanto Tulak Dawa, Linda M Delima, Nur Devi Devi Dewi Tureni Erna, Ni Kadek Estin Nursanti Handayani Fadhilah Fadhilah Faradila, Ratna Febriawan, Aan Felisia Talantu Firga Feliana, Firga Gamar Binti Non Shamdas Hadijah S. Pago Hayyatun Mawaddah Henny Chandra Hj. Musdalifah Nurdin I Ketut Suada I Made Budiarsa I Nengah Kundera Iin B Mantulangi Ika Istadewi Illah, Ininna Nur Isnainar Isnainar Isnainar Isnainar Isninar, Isnainar Kaltisa, Kaltisa Laksono Trisnantoro Latompai, Nismawati I. Lestari M. P. Alibasyah Lestari M.P. Alibasyah Lilies Lilies Lusiana - - Manap Trianto MARIA BINTANG Maria Ulpa Djuanda Masriani . Masriani Masriani Masrianih Masrianih Masrianih Mestawaty As. Achmad Mestawaty Mestawaty Minarni Rama Jura Moh Dhuhri Surya Wirawan Mohammad Jamhari Mudrikah Tus Sa'diah Murnadi, Ni Kade Murni Ammalia Mursito S Bialangi Mursito S. Bialangi Musdalifah Nurdin Musdayanti Musdayanti Muslika Nifatun Umaya Najma AR. Talamoa Ni Kadek Apriyani Ni Kadek Deladarmi Yanti Ni Luh Indrianti Nismawati I. Latompai Novriadi Novriadi Nuning Niwana Nur Hikmah Nuraini Nuraini Nurly Maftukhah Nurrahma Jumaliani Nursam Nursam Nurul Amna Moh Said Nurwahda, Nurwahda Permatasari, Ni Kadek Dewi Puspitasari, Amira Putri, Adelia Putri, Aticha Anata Putu Maharani Rafiqa Rafiqa Rafiqa Rafiqa RAFIQA RAFIQA, RAFIQA Rafiqah Rafiqah Rahmadhani, Lili Ratnawathi, Ni Wayan Raya Agni Rezkiana, Sry Ayu Rifana Lemba Rizkia Khairunnisa Safitri, Gusti Ayu Kadek Yunita Salbia Salbia Samsurizal, M. Sulaeman Silvia Agustin Sinta Sinta Sitti Nur Fadhilah Suardi, Magfira Sukmawati Sukmawati SULFIANTI, SULFIANTI Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Suprianto Sutrisna Sutrisna Sutrisnawati Mardin Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati Syaifuloh, Syaifullah Syech Zainal Syech Zainal Tulak, David Pebriyanto Uzaini Nur Rahma Vadillah Vadillah Vita Indri Febriani Windarsih, Yulia Yusril Ihza Mahendra Yusril Ihza Mahendra Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti Zulkaidah - -, Zulkaidah -