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Review: Penghantaran Nanopartikel Berbasis Lipid Dalam Pemanfaatan Senyawa Bahan Alam Yang Mengandung Antioksidan Untuk Dermatologi Panji Bachrudin; Garnadi Jafar; Yani Mulyani
Journal of Pharmascience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.20868

Abstract

Stres oksidatif merupakan faktor penting dalam berbagai penyakit kulit seperti Alopecia areata, dermatitis atopik, dermatitis seboroik, dan jerawat. Penurunan kadar antioksidan enzimatik seperti GPX dan SOD serta antioksidan non-enzimatik seperti vitamin A, C, dan E sering terjadi pada kondisi-kondisi ini, sementara penanda stres oksidatif seperti TBARS dan MDA meningkat. Molekul aktif farmasi yang lipofilik sering menghadapi tantangan dalam pemberian dan penyerapan pada pasien dermatologi. Banyak senyawa aktif alami dari tanaman memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi peran stres oksidatif dalam penyakit kulit dan mengkaji efektivitas Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) dan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) dalam meningkatkan pemberian dan penyerapan molekul aktif farmasi lipofilik dalam pengobatan dermatologi. Metode penelitian mencakup pencarian artikel ilmiah dari sumber nasional dan internasional seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, dan Science Direct dalam kurun waktu 2004-2024 dengan kata kunci Antioksidan, NLC, Dermatologi, dan Senyawa Alami. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa stres oksidatif berperan signifikan dalam penyakit kulit, menekankan pentingnya strategi antioksidan yang efektif. SLN dan NLC terbukti sebagai solusi efektif untuk meningkatkan pemberian dan penyerapan molekul aktif farmasi lipofilik dalam dermatologi. Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC), Senyawa Alami, Nanoteknologi, Dermatologi Oxidative stressed was a key factor in skin diseases such as alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne.  Patients with these conditions often showed decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants liked GPX and SOD, and non-enzymatic antioxidants liked vitamins A, C, and E, while oxidative stressed markers such as TBARS and MDA increase.  In dermatology, the administration and absorption of highly lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules were challenging.  Additionally, many natural plant compounds exhibit significant antioxidant activity.  This studied evaluates the role of oxidative stressed in skin diseases and examines the effectiveness of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in improving the delivery and absorption of lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules for dermatological treatments.  The researched involved a literature review from sources liked PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct over the last 20 years (2004-2024) used keywords such as antioxidants, NLC, dermatology, and natural compounds. Findings highlight the significant role of oxidative stressed in skin diseases, emphasizing the needed for effective antioxidant strategies. SLN and NLC are identified as promising solutions to enhance the delivery and absorption of lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules in dermatology.
Photoprotective lip formulation optimization methods: A systematic review Imelda Matruty; Dzakiyya Nur Dhiya; Garnadi Jafar; Fenti Fatmawati
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 2 (2026): June: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i2.2363

Abstract

Photoprotective lip preparations such as balms and tints containing natural ingredients are increasingly being developed as an alternative protection against ultraviolet radiation. The complexity of the formulation composition requires an appropriate optimization method to produce products with optimal effectiveness and stability. This review aims to analyze and compare optimization of various methods used in photoprotective lip preparations, evaluating their advantages and limitations in determining optimum conditions. This study uses a systematic review approach by searching scientific articles from databases like Google Scholar and other relevant sources within a specific time frame of years. The extracted data includes active ingredient type, optimization method, formulation variables, trial numbers, and response parameters like Sun Protection Factor (SPF), pH, and physical properties. Analysis results show that optimization methods based on experimental design, such as Response Surface Methodology (RSM), provide superior and robust capabilities in evaluating variable interactions and modeling nonlinear relationships to determine optimum conditions simultaneously. In contrast, conventional methods like one factor at a time (OFAT) combined with ANOVA still dominate but have limitations in evaluating variable interactions and generating predictive models. Most studies report that material composition variations, particularly wax bases and active ingredients, significantly influence the formulation's SPF value and physical characteristics. Experimental design-based optimization methods, particularly RSM, are strongly recommended for developing photoprotective lip formulations because they provide more efficient, accurate, and predictive results. However, their practical application is still limited. Therefore, further research is greatly needed to increase the widespread adoption of this advanced method in developing future natural product-based innovative pharmaceutical preparations.
Lipid-based nanoparticle delivery system approach for diabetic wounds: A review Choerrunisa Choerrunisa; Garnadi Jafar; Ika Kurnia Sukmawati
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 5 (2025): December: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i5.2148

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are a chronic complication that is difficult to heal due to impaired blood circulation, oxidative stress, and microbial infection. Conventional therapies are often ineffective due to poor drug penetration into damaged skin tissue and limited bioavailability of active compounds. Lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery technology was developed to overcome these obstacles by increasing stability, skin penetration ability, and controlled drug release. Objective: This article aims to comprehensively review the role of lipid-based nanoparticle delivery systems in improving the effectiveness of diabetic wound healing therapy, including the mechanisms of absorption enhancement, active substance stability, and pharmacological activity. Methods: This study is a systematic literature review of national and international publications over the past ten years (2015–2025). Data sources were obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords “lipid nanoparticles,” “diabetic wound healing,” and “transdermal drug delivery.” Inclusion criteria included experimental studies and review articles discussing lipid nanoparticle formulations and their therapeutic effects on diabetic wounds. Results: Various studies have shown that lipid-based nanoparticle systems, including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), can improve the stability and permeation of active ingredients such as curcumin, asiatic acid, and other herbal extracts through the skin. This improvement contributes to better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, thereby accelerating the healing process of diabetic wounds. Conclusion: Lipid-based nanoparticle technology offers an innovative approach to diabetic wound therapy by improving the stability, bioavailability, and effectiveness of active ingredients. Further development is needed for formulation optimization and clinical validation to ensure the safety and effectiveness of its use in diabetic patients.
Development of a natural nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based delivery system as an antidiabetic and diabetic wound agent: A review Tamia Rizqi Novianti; R. Herni Kusriani; Garnadi Jafar
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 5 (2025): December: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i5.2152

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion. Diabetes often causes serious complications such as diabetic wounds, which are characterized by the appearance of ulcers, infections, or tissue damage in the feet. Conventional therapeutic approaches often show less than optimal effectiveness due to limited drug penetration into damaged skin tissue. The use of natural ingredients with antidiabetic and wound healing activities has been widely studied, but their effectiveness is often hampered by low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. One innovative strategy to overcome these problems is the development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, one of which is Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). NLC is a lipid delivery system that combines solid and liquid lipids to increase stability, drug loading capacity, and control the release of active compounds. Purpose: This article aims to review the development of formulations from natural ingredients that have potential as antidiabetic and diabetic wound healing activities. Methods: This study is a literature review of articles published in the last ten years (2015 – 2025) from the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Based on several studies, it shows that various active compounds such as curcumin (Curcuma longa), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), and other flavonoid compounds have been formulated in the NLC system with significant improvements in stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological effectiveness. Conclusion: The NLC-based drug delivery system from natural ingredients has proven potential in increasing the effectiveness of antidiabetic therapy and diabetic wound healing. Further research is needed to optimize formulation stability, long-term toxicity testing, and clinical validation to support its therapeutic application.
Preliminary study of blood pressure and arterial stiffness monitoring using the niva device (non-invasive vascular analyzer) Reformia Avianningsih; Patonah Hasimun; Garnadi Jafar; Al-fira Putriyanti; Hasballah Zakaria
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 6 (2026): February: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i6.2212

Abstract

Introduction: Measuring vascular parameters using the NIVA (Non-Invasive Vascular Analyzer) is an important step in assessing the health of blood vessels in the community, especially in groups at risk of hypertension. Objective: This study aims to describe the results of baseline blood pressure and vascular parameter examinations in respondents before further intervention. Methods: Respondents underwent an initial screening process including informed consent, anamnesis, and baseline blood pressure measurement. Results: The graph shows a balanced gender distribution and a dominance of the 31-40 and 41-50 age groups, which are age groups at high risk of experiencing increased arterial stiffness. The hand and foot blood pressure graphs show variations in systolic and diastolic values ​​​​in the mild to moderate hypertension range, indicating that the hemodynamic condition of the respondents is stable and safe for NIVA examination. NIVA measurements were performed by attaching a cuff to the upper arm and left ankle to obtain parameters such as baPWV, ABI, MAP, PP, and Vascular Age. Blood pressure variations in the baseline graph support accurate reading of vascular parameters, especially because there was no indication of peripheral stenosis based on the comparison of hand and foot blood pressure. The data recording and validation process was performed by comparing the measurement results to the baseline, which was consistent with the initial graph. Conclusion: The examination results indicate that the respondents' initial condition met the requirements for non-invasive vascular evaluation and provided a representative picture of blood vessel health status prior to clinical intervention.
Nanophytosome delivery model based on a combination of bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) and binahong (anredera cordifolia) extracts in gel formulation as a therapy for diabetic ulcers Arip Saifurrohman; Garnadi Jafar; Entis Sutrisno
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2314

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with various complications, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which may lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death. Natural-based topical therapies have potential to support DFU healing; however, the limited solubility and permeability of active compounds, particularly polar phytochemicals, often reduce their therapeutic effectiveness. Nanophytosomes, a phospholipid–phytoconstituent complex system, are considered capable of enhancing the stability and penetration of herbal compounds. This study aimed to design and develop nanophytosomes containing a combination of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia), characterize the system, incorporate it into a gel formulation, and evaluate its wound-healing activity in a diabetic wound model. The study involved preparation of nanophytosomes from the combined extracts followed by characterization of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and particle morphology. The nanophytosome system was then formulated into a gel and evaluated for physical quality parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. Wound-healing activity was assessed using a diabetic wound model in experimental animals by observing wound closure and histological parameters. The expected results include the formation of nanophytosomes with favorable physicochemical characteristics, a stable gel formulation, and improved diabetic wound healing compared with the control group. It is anticipated that the nanophytosome gel combining S. polyanthum and A. cordifolia extracts may serve as a promising innovative topical therapy for DFU.
Nanophytosome delivery system and in vivo test of combination of binahong leaf extract (Andredera cordifolia) and bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) as a diabetic wound healer Arip Saifurrohman; Garnadi Jafar; Entris Sutrisno; Fathurahman Ari Senjaya
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2326

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanophytosome system containing combined extracts of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia), and to evaluate its wound healing activity through in vivo study. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol and characterized through phytochemical screening and LC-MS/MS analysis. Nanophytosomes were formulated using phospholipid complexes with variations of surfactants, followed by homogenization and sonication. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The results showed that particle size ranged from 16.30 to 927.18 nm, with the smallest size observed in Tween 80-based formulation. The polydispersity index ranged from 0.20 to 0.86, indicating better homogeneity in Tween 80 systems. Zeta potential values ​​were in the range of −6 to −17 mV, suggesting moderate stability. Entrapment efficiency was high in all formulations (92.5–97.3%), with the highest value observed in Cremophor-based formulation. In vivo evaluation demonstrated that the nanophytosome significantly accelerated wound healing compared to control groups, as indicated by faster wound contraction and improved tissue regeneration. In conclusion, the nanophytosome system enhanced the physicochemical properties and delivery of bioactive compounds, showing potential as an effective therapeutic approach for wound healing.
219-13FR Sacha inchi oil-based nanoemulsion of bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (anredera cordifolia) extracts and in vitro release using a dialysis membrane Dudy Agustian Hidayat; Garnadi Jafar; Winasih Rachmawati; Rieztya Aliza; Sulthan Abdul Basith Ratmoko
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2327

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulsion system containing combined extracts of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia) using sacha inchi oil, and to evaluate its in vitro release profile using a dialysis membrane method. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol and characterized through physicochemical and phytochemical analyses. Nanoemulsions were formulated using Cremophor RH40 and PEG 400, followed by homogenization and sonication. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphology. The results showed that the optimized formulation (NEC5) exhibited the smallest particle size (130.06 ± 56.66 nm), acceptable PDI (0.45 ± 0.12), and moderate zeta potential (−14.15 ± 4.88 mV), indicating good stability. Morphological analysis confirmed spherical and uniformly distributed droplets. In vitro release studies demonstrated an initial burst release followed by a more controlled release pattern, with the nanoemulsion showing more stable release compared to the extract. In conclusion, the nanoemulsion system successfully improved the physicochemical properties and controlled release behavior of the plant extracts, indicating its potential as an effective delivery system for plant-derived bioactive compounds.
Formulation and characterization of nanoparticles combination of binahong leaves and bay leaves as a thin oral herbal preparation for diabetes prevention Eka Priana; Garnadi Jafar; R. Herni Kusriani; Intan Meilani; Ranti Fitriani
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2328

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a steadily increasing prevalence globally. Binahong leaves (Anrederacordifolia) and bay leaves (Syzygiumpolyanthum) contains flavonoids, such as kaempferol, which have the potential as antidiabetics, but its use is limited by the low solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the active compounds. This study aims to formulate and characterize a nanoparticle herbal medicine combining the two leaves using PlantCrystal technology, and develop it into an oral thin herbal preparation. The simplicia was processed through sorting, washing, drying, grinding, and sieving, then characterized and screened for phytochemicals. The nanoparticle herbal medicine was evaluated based on particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and particle morphology. The membrane lysis release test showed an increase in the release of active substances compared to the simplicia. Furthermore, the formulation was developed into an oral thin herbal and evaluated for its physical properties, including organoleptic, water content, pH, film thickness, fold resistance, weight uniformity, and disintegration time.
Formulation and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers of curcumin and their development in topical gel preparations for drug delivery systems Garnadi Jafar; Choerrunisa Choerrunisa; Ika Kurnia Sukmawati; Al-fira Putriyanti
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2339

Abstract

Curcumin is a bioactive compound derived from Curcuma longa with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, its topical application is limited due to poor solubility and stability. The development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems such as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) can enhance drug stability and skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate curcumin-loaded NLC, evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, and develop a gel dosage form based on the optimized NLC formulation. The research methods included preliminary solubility testing of curcumin in various lipid and surfactant components, compatibility analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), formulation of five NLC formulations using hot homogenization and probe sonication methods, and characterization including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and morphology using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The selected NLC formulation was subsequently incorporated into a gel system and evaluated for pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The results demonstrated that the curcumin NLC exhibited nanoscale particle size with relatively uniform distribution, stable zeta potential values, and high entrapment efficiency. TEM analysis confirmed spherical particle morphology. The NLC-based gel formulation showed acceptable physicochemical properties, including skin-compatible pH, suitable viscosity, and optimal spreadability. In conclusion, curcumin was successfully formulated into an NLC system and further developed into a topical gel formulation with promising physicochemical characteristics as a lipid-based drug delivery system.
Co-Authors Abdul Mulki Irpani Agung Laksono S, Moch Agus Sulaeman Agus Sulaeman Ahmad Bagus Mindiarto Al-fira Putriyanti Al-fira Putriyanti Al-fira, Putriyanti Aligita, Widhya Aliyya Kurniasih Agustiani Amalia Putri, Amalia Anggraeni, Vina Juliana Ani Anggriani, Ani Arif Rubianto Arip Saifurrohman Ariqa Hidayatun Nisa Bachrudin, Panji Buana Irviana Prita Choerrunisa Choerrunisa Choerrunisa, Choerrunisa Dadih Supriadi Damayanti, Hilda Deden I Dinata Deden Indra Dinata, Deden Indra Deny Puryani Dila Anggraeni Dinayanti, Westi Nur Dini Auliya Azmi Dudy Agustian Hidayat Dwi C, Alya Dzakiyya Nur Dhiya Eka Priana Elis Susilawati Elisabeth Weya Elsa Yunita Septiani Elvano, Deki Rifa Embas Saraswati, Dewa Ayu Emma Emawati, Emma Entis Sutrisno ERISKA AGUSTIN Faisha Farras Kartanagara Fathurahman Ari Senjaya Fatmawati Fenti Fatmawati Karim Fatmawati, Fenti Fenti Fatmawati Fenti Fatmawati Fenti Fatmawati Fenti, Fatmawati Ghea Nadira Shinta Gustana, Erick Kurniawan Halizah, Arin Nur Hanaya, Cicia Rosa Hasballah Zakaria Helen Fitri Novianti Herni Kusriani, R. Iceu Mulyati Iin Siti Aminah, Iin Siti Ika Kurnia Sukmawati Imelda Matruty Intan Meilani Ira Adiyati Irviana Prita, Buana Jajang Japar Sodik Karim, Fatmawati Khiong, Tjia Khie Latifah, Zahra Alfa Mahran A, Ghani Maisyah, Aini Marita Kaniawati Marliani, Lia Mindiarto, Ahmad Bagus Muhamad Reza Pahlevi Muthmainah, Siti Saidah Nadhira Zakiyah Ningrum, Windi Pratama Novianti, Tamia Rizqi Nurfadillah, Rizal Nurfaiza, Putri Nurul Rahmalia Olivia Eka Putri Pahlevi, Muhamad Reza Panji Bachrudin Pasha, ED Yunisa Mega Patonah Hasimun Patonah Patonah Patonah, Patonah Pebriawati, Silpi Pramudiahwardani, Ananda Rota Pratama, Reza Putriyanti Al-fira Putriyanti, Al-fira R Herni Kusriani R. Awaludin Nazal N Rachmat Mauludin Rachmat Mauludin Rahmat Santoso Raisya Salsabila Ramadhoni, M Ayodia Ranti Fitriani Ratu Fania Aprilyanti Reformia Avianningsih Reza Pahlevi, Muhamad Ria Riantini Riantini, Ria Rieztya Aliza Rieztya Aliza Rismawanti, Rusi Roganda Situmorang Rosyana, Nasywa Rusi Rismawanti Sagita, Novaliana Devianti Saleh Wikarsa, Saleh Salsabilla, Syifa Sasanti Tarini Darijono Septianti, Regina Dwi Shelvy E Suherman Siti Jamilah Siti Raeyuni Maulidia Belina Siti Saidah Muthmainah Situmorang, Roganda Sofian, Ryan Soni Muhsinin Sukmawati, ika kurnia Sulthan Abdul Basith Ratmoko Susilawati, Elis Sutiyah, Siti Sutrisno, Entris Syarfa, Ahmad Syerliana Syerliana Tambunan, Irisanna Tamia Rizqi Novianti Wahyu Wijayanti Wijaya, Teguh Pradinata Winasih Rachmawati Winasih Rachmawati Yani Mulyani Yani Mulyani Yani, Mulyani Yolanda Putri Aloenida Yuyun Yuyun Zakiyah, Nadhira Zalfa Dary Pernadi Ziska, Rahma