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Heru Kurniawan
Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Journal : Jurnal Legalitas

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Death Penalty Reform in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Comparative Study of Indonesia’s New Criminal Code and Malaysian Law Djatmika, Prija; Kurniawan, Heru
JURNAL LEGALITAS Vol 19, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jelta.v19i1.37772

Abstract

Capital punishment regulation in Southeast Asia is undergoing significant transformation, particularly in jurisdictions that seek to recalibrate punitive severity while retaining capital sentencing. Indonesia and Malaysia provide two notable yet conceptually distinct models of death penalty reform that remain insufficiently examined in comparative legal scholarship. This article analyzes the reformulation of capital punishment under Indonesia’s Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code and Malaysia’s post-mandatory death penalty reforms to assess their underlying penal rationales and legal implications. Using normative juridical research with statutory and comparative approaches, the study finds that Indonesia retains capital punishment as a special principal penalty subject to a ten-year probationary mechanism, thereby embedding conditionality within its sentencing structure without eliminating the death penalty itself. In contrast, Malaysia does not reclassify capital punishment but abolishes its mandatory imposition, restoring judicial discretion to impose non-capital sentences in qualifying cases. The article argues that these reforms represent divergent trajectories of capital punishment moderation: Indonesia adopts a conditional retention model, whereas Malaysia embraces a discretionary sentencing model. This comparison demonstrates that similar reformist trends may reflect fundamentally different penal philosophies in the governance of capital punishment.
Co-Authors A. Husen, A. Abdullah, Imam Abdussalam, Hasan Agustia Dwi Pamujiati Agustin, Bunga Veronika Milania Alfarisi, Maziz Ali, Musyafa Amelia, Mislaha Elmi Andi Zainal Anwar, M. Khoiril Apriani, Aisya Ariwibisono, F.X Ariyansyah, Oni Arrosyid, M. Arwin Asep Nugraha, Asep Aswaldi, Haikal Azkiyah, Lailatul Bagaskoro, Ladito Risang Bambang Priyo Darminto Bayu Dharma Putra, Eko Bramlie, Andian Budi Darmono, Prasetiyo Chamro', Wardatul Dany, Dany Eko Nurcahyanto Deyanti Deyanti, Deyanti Dharmawan, Moch. Marwan Dita Yuzianah Dona Alfina Effiyaldi, Effiyaldi Erlyananda, Moch. Fadilah Fachrizal Afandi Fadilah, Nurmilah Faidah, Alifiya Nur Fakhrudin, Asef Umar Fatoni, Khoirol Imam Felix Felix Firnanda, Arya Bagus Gunawan Gunawan Hanafie, Achsanuddin Haq, Indana Nurain Hasanul Arifin Hayati Hayati Hidayat, Moch. Ainul Ilyasa, Bani Imam Koeswahyono Irmanasari, Rofika Istiani, Diah Istifarriana, Deva Mega Istiqomah, Muyasarotul Janah, Sinta MIftakhul Kasmiati Kasmiati Kelvin Kelvin Kelvin Kristian Telaumbanua Kristiana, Irene Ika Kurniawan, Endro S. Kusuma, Ilham Jaya Larasati, Falasifa M. Fajri, M. Mahardhika, Rashita M. P. Manurung, Juliana Damayanti Mayda, Trika Ma’arif, Moh. Syamsul Milda Istiqomah Mulyadi, Dikdik Satria Mursin, Chairul M Ngilmiyah, Rofikoh Niar, Maria Ulfah Septadi Nila Kurniasih Nina Lisanty Noor Eddy, Noor Nurmantias, Faizal Pradilla, Febry Aji Pranata, Muhammad Yoga Pranitamotik, Dewi Prasetyani, Ikom Prija Djatmika, Prija Puji Nugraheni PURWANTI PURWANTI Putra, Eko Bayu Dharma Putra, I Wayan Sumardana E. Putra, Iska Putri Islami, Gadis Tiara Putri, Dinda Rahmat Hidayat Ramadan, Muhammad Anugrah Ramsito, Ramsito Raynaldo Raynaldo, Raynaldo Retoliah Retoliah Riche Riche Rinto Noviantoro, Rinto Riskiah Ronsen Purba Ropi’ah, Eva Siti Rusli, Hazmi Samsu Somadayo, Samsu Saragih, Yuni Marlina Sarwiji Suwandi Sepriano Sepriano Setyawan, Imron Sholeh, Dwi Rohman Sinaga, Frans Mikael Sio Jurnalis Pipin Sitorus, Yeremy Frederick Hizkia Somadayo, Samsu Rohman SRI RAHAYU Sudirman, Rendy SUKENDRO SUKENDRO, SUKENDRO Sulisti Afriani, Sulisti SUMARNI Sumarni Sumarni Supriyono Supriyono Suryo Wibowo, Mochamad Agus Suta Wardianto, Bayu Sutardi Sutardi Sutardi Sutardi Syahputri, Hamidah Tanti Triadi, Albet Waluyo, Herman J. Wardianto, Bayu Suta Winardi, Sunaryo Yundari, Yundari Yurmanita, Elsa Yusra Dinafi