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All Journal International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum JURNAL ILMIAH MAKSITEK Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences LEGAL BRIEF Yayasan Cita Cendikiawan Al Khwarizmi Collegium Studiosum Journal JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi) al-fikrah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Jurnal Medika: Medika Cakrawala: Journal of Citizenship Teaching and Learning Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat SAPANGAMBEI MANOKTOK HITEI Jurnal Moralita : Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan
Imman Yusuf Sitinjak
FKIP PPKn, University Of Simalungun, Indonesia
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CONSUMER LEGAL PROTECTION IN STANDARD AGREEMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CIVIL LAW RESEARCH IN INDONESIA Christian Daniel Hermes; Imman Yusuf Sitinjak
CAKRAWALA: Journal of Citizenship Teaching and Learning Vol 3 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Academic Solution Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70489/bhq25684

Abstract

Standard-form contracts are contractual instruments widely used in relationships between business actors and consumers because they provide efficiency and legal certainty. However, the practice of standard-form contracts often raises issues of legal protection due to the imbalance of bargaining power between the parties. This article aims to systematically analyze the development of studies on consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts based on civil law research in Indonesia. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining national journal articles published during the period 2015–2024 and indexed in Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases. The literature selection process followed the PRISMA principles and was analyzed using a thematic approach. The findings indicate that research on consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts has increased, yet remains dominated by normative juridical approaches. The most frequently discussed themes include the imbalance of bargaining power, standard clauses that disadvantage consumers, and the limitation of the principle of freedom of contract. Meanwhile, empirical studies and discussions concerning standard-form contracts in digital transactions remain relatively limited. This study concludes that consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts constitutes a structural issue in civil law, requiring the strengthening of empirical approaches and the adaptation of legal frameworks to the dynamics of modern transactions.
Co-Authors Ambarita, Lenny Mutiara Apriliani, Rizka Aris Suhendar Aris Suhendar Arvita Netti Sihaloho Arvita Netti Sihaloho, Arvita Netti Berliana Hutajulu Bismar Sibuea DAMANIK, INDRA JAYANTI Damanik, Jendriswandi Damanik, Juliardi Damanik, Mesi Sarivani Dearmina Purba Dewi Rabiah Diawati, Prety Elmas Dwi Ainsyiyah Elmas Dwi Ainsyiyah, Elmas Dwi Fajar, Rosma Farid Wajdi Gultom , Sariaman GULTOM, SARIAMAN Hermans Gavin Hermes , Christian Daniel Hermes, Christian Daniel Hotman Tuah HOTMAN TUAH PURBA Humala Sitinjak Humala Sitinjak Humala Sitinjak Humala Sitinjak Humala Sitinjak Humala Sitinjak Hutajulu, Berliana Ida Nadirah Idris Saleh Ika Rosenta Ika Rosenta Purba Iuska Roito Sirait Januari Rizky Januari Rizky Jenriswandi Damanik Jhonson Marbun Johan Alfred Sarades Silalahi Jumpa Ukur Jumpa Ukur Junaidi Junaidi Krissi Wahyuni Krissi Wahyuni Saragih Krissi Wahyuni Saragih Laros Tuhuteru Lenny Mutiara Ambarita Linda Reni Linda Reni Mahasiswa Universitas Simalungun Malau, Pasu Manat Hutapea Marbun, Jhonson Mardin Silalahi Marhaeni K D. Matondang Mariah S M. Purba Mariah S M. Purba Mariah SM Purba Marini, Netty Martua Siadari Masdin Saragih Matondang, Marhaeni K D. Mohamad Trio Febriyantoro Muhammad Arya Ananda Muhammad Arya Ananda Mustafa, Fahrina Nainggolan, Rosita Nasution, Annio Indah Lestari Nayla Anshari Nenny Wida Simaremare Nenny Wida Simaremare Netty Elvan Safitri Simbolon Netty Elvan Safitri Simbolon Netty Marini Netty Mewahaty Simbolon Nita, Rhyka Jessya Novelina Mutiara Sariati Hutapea Novi Silvia Novi Silvia Nur Aini Nur Aini Pandapotan Damanik Pasu Malau Perdana, Surya Pransisto, Johamran Purba, Dearmina PURBA, IKA ROSENTA Purba, Mariah SM Purba, Van Lodewijk Rabiah, Dewi Rhyka Jessya Nita Rizka Apriliani rohani, aceng asnawi Romauli Simanjuntak Rony Andre CH Naldo Rony Andre CH Naldo Rosita Nainggolan Rosita Nainggolan Rosita Nainggolan Rosita Nainggolan Rosma Fajar Saragih, Krissi Wahyuni Saragih, Sinta Rahayu Sariaman Gultom Sariaman Gultom Siadari, Martua Silalahi, Johan Alfred Sarades Silalahi, Mardin SILALAHI, TIODORA FERMISKA Simanjuntak, Romauli Simbolon, Netty Mewahaty Simbolon, Theresia Oktarani Sinaga, Roeskani Sirait, Iuska Roito Sitanggang, Udin Freddy Sitinjak, Humala Sitinjak, Wahyunita Suandy Predy Saputra Rumahorbo Suandy Predy Saputra Rumahorbo Suhendar, Aris Sulfansa Almiza Sulfansa Almiza suroso, amat Thio, Ricky TIODORA FERMISKA SILALAHI Tukiyo Tukiyo Van Lodewijk Purba Wahyuni, Krissi Wahyunita Sitinjak