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Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Jalan Ir. Sutami 36 A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, 57126, Indonesia
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PEMBERDAYAAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN DALAM RANGKA MELINDUNGI KEPENTINGAN KONSUMEN KURANG MAMPU Suraji, Suraji; Pranoto, Pranoto
Yustisia Vol 2, No 3: December 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v2i3.10144

Abstract

AbstractThis research proposed to identify consumer weakness in solving of dispute with businessman; identify and describe consumer effort in solving of dispute with businessman. It was empirical research which used qualitatively and descriptively method. This research used primary data perceived from interview result and secondary data perceived from act, literature, document and Lp2K’s brochure. Data collection was done by field observation and bibliography. And then, the datum would analyzed by qualitatively and interactively model. The result of the research showed some conditions influenced consumer weakness when faced businessman. Firstly, when faced businessman from State-Owned corporation and Local corporation: (1) because State-Owned corporation stronger than consumer; (2) State-Owned corporation and Local corporation always dodged to give compensation to consumer when they were loss out; (3) businessman was represented by their staff and could not make direct decision; (4) businessman always prolonged time to construct team for compensation investigation; (5) businessman usually recovery, continue and live on without give compensation according the agreement. Secondly, when faced private businessman: (1) businessman compensated lowest amount only; (2) businessman said that only their rule was obedient. consumer endeavor could run by two sides: Firstly, from consumer themselves: (1) improvement of legal communication among consumer; (2) improvement of legal understanding generally; (3) understanding of Consumerism Law. Secondly, influence of outsider: (1) legal extension; (2) talk show; (3) letters from readers; (4) consumer education; (5) seminar about consumerism law; and (6) press broadcast.Keywords: consumer endeavor, solving of dispute.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketidakberdayaan konsumen dalam menyelesaikan sengketa dengan pelaku usaha serta mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan upaya-upaya yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen dalam rangka penyelesaian sengketa dengan pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan informan, maupun data sekunder yang diperoleh dari peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, dokumen-dokumen dan brosur-brosur dari LP2K. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penelitian lapangan dan kepustakaan. Selanjutnya data akan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat beberapa kondisi yang menyebabkan konsumen tidak berdaya ketika berhadapan dengan pelaku usaha. pertama, ketika berhadapan dengan pelaku usaha BUMN dan Perusahaan Daerah : (1) karena posisi BUMN lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan konsumen, (2) BUMN dan Perusda selalu berkelit untuk memberi ganti rugi kepada konsumen apabila terjadi kerugian yang menimpa konsumen, (3) pelaku usaha hanya diwakili oleh stafnya sehingga tidak berani memutus secara langsung, (4) pelaku usaha selalu mengulur waktu bahwa ia akan membentuk tim pengkaji ganti rugi, (5) pelaku usaha biasanya hanya sanggup memperbaiki, menyambung atau menghidupkan lagi tanpa mau mengganti sesuai perjanjian. Kedua, ketika berhadapan dengan pelaku usaha swasta : (1) pelaku usaha hanya mau mengganti kerugian sekecil mungkin, (2) pelaku usaha berdalih bahwa aturan yang dibuatnya itulah yang harus dipatuhi. Upaya pemberdayaan konsumen dapat ditempuh melalui dua sisi, pertama, dari diri konsumen : (1) perlunya peningkatan komunikasi hukum konsumen, (2) peningkatan pemahaman hukum secara umum, (3) pemahaman Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Kedua, pengaruh pihak luar : (1) penyuluhan hukum, (2) acara dengar pendapat (talkshow), (3) surat pembaca, (4) pendidikan konsumen, (5) seminar hukum perlindungan konsumen, dan (6) siaran pers.Kata Kunci : pemberdayaan konsumen, penyelesaian sengketa.
REFORMASI BIROKRASI PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI USAHA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN NEGARA DARI SEKTOR PAJAK Pranoto, Pranoto; Kusumo, Ayub Torry Satriyo
Yustisia Vol 5, No 2: August 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v5i2.8756

Abstract

Abstractof the Community Compliance of Paying Taxes. Taxes, based on Act no. 28 Year 2007 are compulsory contributions to the State which are indebted by individual or organization body, obliged based on Act, without any direct compensation, and spent by the state for the most prosperity of the community. There are a lot of the tax functions, such as infrastructure maintenance and education management. Thus, the augmentation of awareness in paying taxes can be done through the formal education. This research was an empirical research, using the primary and secondary data. The result showed that the State revenue can be increased from the taxes as one of it means. To be more effective, a bureaucratic reform on and contact center are made available. There is also a need to improve the awareness and willingness to pay taxes from the very beginning. It is proposed to elaborate the material of taxation in formal education curriculum to inculcate the awareness of paying taxes from the early stage. AbstrakPerhatian utama dari artikel ini adalah , Pertama , menggambarkan modernisasi pajak ; dan Kedua, membangun model Kepatuhan Komunitas Membayar Pajak . Pajak , berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2007 adalah pungutan wajib kepada negara yang terhutang oleh individu atau organisasi badan hukum , wajib berdasarkan Undang-Undang , tanpa kompensasi langsung , dan menghabiskan oleh negara untuk sebagian besar kesejahteraan masyarakat . Ada banyak fungsi pajak , seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur dan operasi pendidikan . Dengan demikian , augmentasi kesadaran dalam membayar pajak dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan formal. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris , dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa praktik modernisasi dan reformasi di bidang perpajakan. Hal ini didukung dengan pembangunan kurikulum yang meliputi soal perpajakan untuk pendidikan dasar dan menengah . Realisasi kesadaran untuk membayar pajak adalah tugas kolektif dari pemerintah , masyarakat , serta pemangku kepentingan terkait. 
Karakterisasi dan Uji Efektivitas Allophane-Like untuk Adsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu) Pranoto Pranoto; Tri Martini; Deta Agustin Rachmawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 14, No 2 (2018): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.14.2.18538.202-218

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian karakterisasi dan uji efektivitas allophane-like untuk adsorpsi ion logam tembaga (Cu). Allophane-like dibuat dengan mencampurkan larutan Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) dan Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] dengan perbandingan 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25 dan 1,5. Proses pencampuran dilakukan penambahan NaOH secara bertahap dan dilakukan pengadukan serta pemanasan. Penambahan NaOH dilakukan dengan membuat perbandingan NaOH dan Campuran TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O 3:1. pH campuran larutan yang diperoleh diukur dan pH larutan dibuat menjadi asam (pH 3-4). Allophane-like dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR), XRD, keasaman, dan luas permukaan. Uji adsorpsi terhadap ion logam tembaga (Cu) dilakukan pada variasi perbandingan TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25 dan 1,5, pH larutan tembaga (Cu) 3-7 serta waktu kontak 30-120 menit dengan sistem batch. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa allophane-like memiliki gugus fungsi yang sama dengan allophane-alam yang ditunjukkan dengan data FTIR yaitu memiliki puncak yang sama pada 3431-3252; 1631; 1071; 785; dan 562-457 cm-1. Hasil analisa XRD, keasaman dan luas permukaan menunjukkan karakteristik yang berbeda. Kondisi adsorpsi ion logam tembaga (Cu) terjadi pada variasi perbandingan TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O 1,5, pH 6, waktu kontak 120 menit, persentase penyerapan 41,79% dan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,97865 mg/g.Characterization and Effectivity of Allophane-Like in the Adsorption of Metal Ion of Copper (Cu). The characterization and effectivity testing of allophane-like for adsorption copper (Cu) metal ion has been studied. Allophane-like was prepared by mixing a solution of Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and Aluminum Nitrate nonahydrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] using ratio of 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25 and 1.5. The mixing process was done gradually adding NaOH and stirring and heating. The addition of NaOH was done by making a comparison between NaOH and mixture of TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O in 3:1. The pH of the mixture solution was measured and made acidic solution (pH 3-4). Allophane-like was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD, acidity, and surface area. The adsorption evaluation of copper (Cu) metal ion was done on the variation of the composition of TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O in 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25 and 1.5, the pH of a solution of copper (Cu) 3-7 and contact time of 30-120 minutes in batch system. The results revealed that the allophane-like has the same functional group with nature allophane indicated by the FTIR data that has the same peak at 3431-3252; 1631; 1071; 785; and 562-457 cm-1. XRD analysis results, acidity and surface area showed different characteristics. The best conditions adsorption of copper (Cu) metal ion occured at the composition of TEOS dan Al(NO3)3.9H2O in 1.5, pH 6, the contact time of 120 minutes, the absorption percentage of 41.79% and adsorption capacity of 0.97865 mg/g.
Sinergisme Campuran Tanah Andisol dan Pasir Foundry sebagai Adsorben Ion Cu (II) pada Limbah Industri Pelapisan Logam Pranoto, Pranoto; Masykur, Abu; Prihanandya, Rania Satwika Putri
ENVIRO: Journal of Tropical Environmental Research Vol 24, No 1 (2022): Maret
Publisher : Center for Environmental Research, LPPM, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/enviro.v24i1.65039

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the synergism of a mixture of andisol soil and foundry sand as Cu(II) ion adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing andisol soil and foundry sand on the absorption of Cu (II) ions and to study the type of isotherm and its adsorption kinetics model. The adsorbent was activated with 3 M NaOH. The acidity of the adsorbent was analyzed using the specific total acidity test method. The final concentration of Cu (II) ions was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained based on variations in composition, pH, and contact time. The adsorbent was made with variations in the composition of andisol: foundry sand 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (w/w). The effect of adsorption conditions was carried out by varying the pH of the copper (Cu) solution from 3-7. The effect of contact time was varied at 15-135 minutes with 15 Minute intervals.
Uji Efektivitas dan Karakterisasi Komposit Tanah Andisol/Arang Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Adsorpsi Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pranoto Pranoto; Tri Martini; Winda Maharditya
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 1 (2020): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (638.574 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.1.33286.50-66

Abstract

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa sebagai adsorben logam berat besi (Fe) berdasarkan pada kondisi komposisi, pH dan waktu kontak yang optimum. Tanah andisol diaktivasi dengan larutan NaOH 3 M dan arang tempurung kelapa diaktivasi menggunakan larutan HCl 4 M. Komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa dibuat dengan mencampurkan tanah andisol dan arang tempurung kelapa pada variasi komposisi 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 dan 0:100 (b/b) Uji adsorpsi terhadap logam besi (Fe) dilakukan pada variasi pH larutan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6 serta waktu kontak 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 60 menit dengan sistem batch. Pengukuran konsentrasi akhir pada saat kesetimbangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  Hasil karakterisasi adanya proses aktivasi dan pengompositan ditunjukkan pada spektra Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) yang mengalami pergeseran bilangan gelombang. Karakterisasi pola difraksi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) yang menunjukkan adanya puncak baru. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) komposit menunjukkan bahwa permukaan adsorben telah ditutupi logam besi (Fe). Pembentukan komposit juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan luas permukaan dan nilai keasaman komposit. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa proses adsorpsi terjadi pada kondisi optimum komposisi komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa 75:25 (b/b), pH larutan besi (Fe) 5 dan waktu kontak selama 30 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,54 mg/g dan presentase adsorpsi 91,57%. Isoterm adsorpsi mengikuti isoterm Freundlich dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9456.Effectiveness Test and Characterization of Andisol Soil/Coconut Shell Charcoal for Adsorption of Iron (Fe). This research aims to determine the adsorption capacity composite of andisol soil and coconut shell charcoal as the adsorbent of iron (Fe) metal based on the composition condition, pH, and optimum contact time. Andisol soil was activated with NaOH 3 M solution, and coconut shell charcoal was activated with HCl 4 M solution. The composites were made under various composition of andisol soil/coconut shell charcoal of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (w/w). The adsorption test was done on the pH variation of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and used the contact time variation of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 60 minutes in a batch method. The concentration analysis of iron (Fe) metal was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The characterization result of the activation process can be shown on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra with the shifting peak. Characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram showed the emergence of a new peak in andisol soil and coconut shell charcoal. The result of scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization analysis showed that the surface of the adsorbent was covered in iron. The composite formation also showed an increase in surface area and composite acidity value. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the adsorption process happens in the optimum condition in andisol soil/coconut shell charcoal composition of 75:25 (w/w), pH solution iron (Fe) metal of 5 and contact time of 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity was 0.54 mg/g and 91.57% for adsorption percentage. The isotherm adsorption followed Freundlich isotherm with R2 values 0.9456.
Co-Authors Abu Masykur Abu Masykur Adabi, Chesta Ricky Adi Saputra, Fuad Afriadi, Fiqih Aji Suraji AL. SENTOT SUDARWANTO Ali Akbar Amilla, Agustin Kinthan Anang Ansyori Andyko, Mohammad Ari Handono Ramelan Arifin, Achmad Saiful Ashadi Atmanto Heru Wibowo Aulia, Ahmad Asfar Ayub Torry Satriyo Kusumo Bambang Djatmiko Bambang Revantoro, Nemesius Bambang Supriyanto Boedi Rahardjo Boedya Djatmika Calvin Oktaviano Adinugraha, Calvin Oktaviano Candra Purnawan Chanel Tri Handoko Chyntia Damayanti Darmanijati, MRS Desi Suci Handayani Deta Agustin Rachmawati Devi Asriani Dian Endah Kusuma Astuti, Dian Endah Dilyan Sasaqi Dwijaningtyas, Srinata Edi Pramono Evi Widowati Galih Syahdandi, Alviando GULO, Sokhimano Haniek Listyorini Harlita Harlita HARRIS, Erna Haryono Haryono Hendrik Jimmyanto Henri Siswanto Hilda Yuwafi Nikmah Ibnu Rois Ika Salsabila Nurahida Ilham Tri Utomo Inayati Inayati ITOK DWI KURNIAWAN Jamal Wiwoho Kukuh Tejomurti, Kukuh Kundori Kurniawan, Eka Yudha Kurniawaty, Erlita Kusnul Khotimah LAHAGU, Agusman Lahagu, Aristo LEDEWARA, Kornelia Esyi Livansyah, Angel MAULIDHIYA, Adisti Muhadisin, Muhadisin Muhammad Aris Ichwanto Mulyanto Mulyanto Mundilarno Mundilarno, Mundilarno Najib Imanullah, Najib Najmuddin, Najmuddin Nina Mistriani Novina Eky Dianti Nur Amin Solikhah, Nur Amin Nurdina prasetyo Ozi Adi Saputra Pati, Umi Khaerah Prabang Setyono Prabowo Prabowo Prabowo, Setyo Prabowo, Setyo Pramesty, Dihar Alfian Pratama, Anugrah Muhtarom Prihanandya, Rania Satwika Putri Pujiyono Pujiyono Putri, Lailvie Cahyaning Robi'atul Adawiyah Saputra, Jumadil SARUMAHA, Kasdim Sauzan Vidya Rastratama Mitra Setyo Prabowo Setyo Prabowo Sidabutar, Perez Eben Ezer Siswahyudi, Dwi Siti Khoiriyah Slamet Santosa Soehari, Hartoyo Sri Budiastuti Sri Budiastuti Sri Budiastuti Sri Hastuti Sri Wahyono SUBARA, Ari Sukrisno, Sukrisno Sunarto Sunarto Supriyanto, Sapto suraji suraji Syahwan, Firman Laili Tri Martini Tri Martini Triana Kusumaningsih Trisnanda, Raviendo Venty Suryanti Viola Malta Ramadhani Vita Ayu Kusuma Dewi Waruwu, Agustinus Wicaksono, Mochammad Hendy Widodo Aribowo WIDYA MUDYANTINI Wijanarko, Yudistiar Winda Maharditya Wintara, Jane Ayu Wuntu, Gana Yulianti, Monica Zakki Adhliyati, Zakki Zamzami, R. Mohd.