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All Journal J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) Vegetalika Cakrawala Pendidikan Inersia : Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur Katalogis AGRIKA Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal Theologia Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Rekayasa Mesin JURNAL VARIASI Kodifikasia: Jurnal Penelitian Islam AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Fakultas Pertanian Teras Jurnal Jurnal Akta Adi Widya : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan JURNAL SINEKTIK al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Jurnal Pertanian Agros Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Owner : Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi Logista: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat YUME : Journal of Management BUANA SAINS AMALIAH: JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT Jurnal Didaktika Dwija Indria Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material EduTeach: Jurnal Edukasi dan Teknologi Pembelajaran Quantum Teknika Jurnal Agrinika : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis Jurnal Komposit : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik Sipil Community Empowerment Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education Jurnal Ekonomi Idea Pengabdian Masyarakat Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Jurnal PKM Manajemen Bisnis Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Journal Of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Accounting and Finance Management (JAFM) JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI MARITIM Journal of International Conference Proceedings ASERSI : Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan dan Bisnis Borobudur Engineering Review Journal of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu Indonesian Journal of Islamic Elementary Education Jagur: Jurnal Agroteknologi Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Ilmu Pendidikan Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism Life Science and Biotechnology Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Teknik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) SNTE
Sutoyo Sutoyo
Biology Dept., Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, The University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121
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Kajian Kebutuhan Irigasi Sawah di Lapangan Daerah Irigasi Cihea Kabupaten Cianjur Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Purwanto, M. Y. J.; Arif, Chusnul; Saptomo, S. K.; Heryansyah, Arien
Jurnal Komposit: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Teknik Sipil Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ibn Khaldun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32832/komposit.v9i1.17264

Abstract

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country because most of its people cultivate rice in rice fields. BPS through the area survey framework (KSA) stated that the total harvest area in 2022 was 10.45 million hectares. This large area is very likely to cause inefficient water use in rice cultivation considering that most of the cultivation is carried out by inundation. Measurement of irrigation water needs in rice fields has been carried out mostly in the analysis stage, no detailed measurements have been found in evaluating irrigation water needs in rice fields. Evaluating the need for irrigation water in rice fields can easily be done with a water balance approach that considers all aspects of both incoming and outgoing water. This study aims to examine the components of irrigation water needs in the land preparation period. The study was conducted on rice plots equipped with several measuring instruments. Measuring water discharge in and out using CTF, weather data using AWS, and percolation measurements in the field. Measurement of water demand in rice fields on the plot resulted in a total inflow value of 195.38 mm and rainfall of 40.40mm. The total value of evapotranspiration occurred was 104.11 mm, the percolation value was 54.00 mm and the discharge out value was 29.59 mm, so the water loss was 48.08 mm (24.61%)
Analisis Tingkat Risiko Banjir dan Tanah Longsor di Jalur Kereta Api Makassar-Parepare Putri Zafira, Aura; Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah; Murdiono, Jatmiko; Arief Nugroho, Danang
Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Teknik Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): (JGIT) Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Teknik (Agustus - Oktober 2024)
Publisher : Greenation Publisher & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jgit.v2i3.74

Abstract

Transportasi umum merupakan kebutuhan utama bagi masyarakat di kota-kota dan kabupaten besar di Sulawesi Selatan, seperti Kota Makassar, Kabupaten Maros, Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan, Kabupaten Barru, serta Kota Parepare. Kelancaran operasional kereta api Makassar-Parepare oleh PT Celebes Railway Indonesia menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengelolaan sistem transportasi massal. Beberapa kendala, seperti bencana banjir dan longsor, dapat mengancam operasional kereta api tersebut. Daerah yang berisiko mengalami banjir dan longsor di sepanjang jalur kereta api Makassar-Parepare dapat diidentifikasi melalui analisis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko banjir dan tanah longsor di sepanjang jalur operasional kereta api Makassar-Parepare dengan menggunakan metode scoring dan overlay yang terintegrasi dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) menggunakan parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap banjir dan longsor meliputi kemiringan lahan, ketinggian lahan, curah hujan, jenis tanah, geologi, dan tekstur tanah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di sepanjang jalur kereta api Makassar-Parepare, terdapat area seluas 4459,445 Ha yang masuk pada kelas banjir risiko tinggi, 93555,26 Ha kelas banjir risiko sedang, 28538,32 Ha kelas banjir risiko rendah dan 37190,67 Ha termasuk kelas banjir aman. Jalur kereta api dari Stasiun Parangloe (13+900) hingga Stasiun Palanro (115+800) melalui daerah dengan kelas banjir “Risiko tinggi” dan “Risiko sedang”. Sementara itu, terdapat area seluas 13880,72 Ha yang masuk pada kelas longsor risiko tinggi, 69296,58 Ha kelas longsor risiko sedang, 54344,16 Ha kelas longsor risiko rendah, dan 26222,07 Ha termasuk kelas longsor aman. Jalur kereta api dari Stasiun Parangloe (13+900) hingga Stasiun Mandalle (67+857) melalui daerah dengan kelas longsor “Aman” dan “Risiko rendah”. Jalur kereta api dari Stasiun Mandalle (67+857) hingga Stasiun Palanro (115+800) melalui daerah dengan kelas longsor “Risiko sedang” dan “Risiko tinggi”.
Keragaman Karakteristik Pembungaan dan Hasil Beberapa Hibrida Semangka (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Matsum. & Nakai) Hasil Persilangan Puncak Aswat, Amarilla; Dewi Hayati, PK; Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Gustian, Gustian; Hidayat, Cecep Taupik; Kuswandi, Kuswandi
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.102596

Abstract

Varietas semangka hibrida memiliki produktivitas dan keseragaman yang tinggi sehingga diminati oleh konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi beberapa hibrida hasil persilangan antara galur inbrida dengan varietas Serif Saga Agrihorti (SSA) sebagai tetua jantan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan, melibatkan 12 hibrida hasil topcross dan Serif Saga Agrihorti (SSA) sebagai satu varietas pembanding. Semua genotipe ditanam di lapangan dengan mengikuti praktik agronomi semangka yang standar. Karakteristik yang diamati meliputi waktu berbunga jantan dan betina, umur panen, serta diameter dan bobot buah, ketebalan kulit buah, tingkat kemanisan, dan jumlah biji fertil dan biji steril. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Variabilitas genotipik dan fenotipik, heritabilitas dan koefisien korelasi genotipik dan fenotipik  karakter, diestimasi berdasarkan partisi nilai ragam dari ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabilitas genetik yang luas pada karakter umur berbunga jantan dan betina, serta bobot buah. Nilai duga heritabilitas yang tinggi diperoleh pada karakter umur berbunga jantan dan betina, bobot buah, diameter buah dan jumlah biji fertil. Empat genotipe hibrida yaitu G1, G6, G8, dan G10, menunjukkan bobot buah dan tingkat kemanisan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas SSA. Berdasarkan heritabilitas yang tinggi pada karakter bobot buah, maka keempat hibrida ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi varietas semangka hibrida baru atau dimanfaatkan sebagai populasi dasar untuk perakitan varietas bersari bebas. 
SUBSTITUTION OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER WITH LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF RICE PLANTS SRI METHOD Rozen, Nalwida; Kasim, Musliar; Dwipa, Indra; Syarif, Auzar; Sutoyo, Sutoyo
Agros Journal of Agriculture Science Vol 26, No 1 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Janabadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37159/jpa.v26i1.3990

Abstract

Increasing rice production has been carried out in various ways. One method that has been implemented is the SRI method which can increase yields up to two times or more, but this method has not been adopted optimally by farmers because of the difficulty in cultivating practices in the field. Apart from that, farmers still use inorganic fertilizers without balancing them with organic fertilizers. One alternative that can be applied is to use organic materials that are available in the rice field environment, namely using liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from banana stems and coconut fiber which are very easy for farmers to obtain in the field. Apart from the difficulty of getting fertilizer, due to high prices, fertile land has changed its function so that the area for rice cultivation is starting to decrease, but the land that is still widely available is marginal (suboptimal) land with low soil nutrient content and low pH. The aim of this research is to obtain the interaction between the type of LOF and the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer as a substitute. The research location was carried out in Pasar Ambacang Village, Kuranji District, Padang City from May to November 2023. The research was carried out using a 2-factor factorial design in a Completely Randomized Design (RAL), where the first factor was the type of LOF (banana stem and coconut fiber) and the second factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizer TSP and KCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) % recommendation. The results obtained are that providing LOF types with inorganic fertilizers with different recommendations showed an interaction with the leaf area index. The number of stomata is influenced by the type of LOF and inorganic fertilizer, where LOF coconut fiber with 100% inorganic fertilizer gives the best results. Key words: banana stems, yield, fertilizer, coconut fiber, substitution
Peningkatan Keterampilan Komunikasi dan Tanggung Jawab Lingkungan melalui Pelatihan MC dan Lomba Recycle Ardiansyah, Bagas Raka; Salman, Salwa Nabila; Dewi, Amanda Kusuma; Cahyarani, Elvina; Novita, Vivi Tria; Rahim, Abdur; Riduansyah, Muhammad Iqbal; Arimbi, Vina; Rafi Aji, Prihandoko Rizqi; Hasdifa, Abu Rizal; Sutoyo, Sutoyo
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Rekonstruksi Pendidikan di Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/ppm.81.1359

Abstract

Community Service (PKM) in Padukuhan Kangkung B, Ngeposari Village, Semanu Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency, aims to empower the community through communication skills training and waste management initiatives. Several underlying community issues in Padukuhan Kangkung B highlight the need for this PKM program. These issues include a lack of effective communication skills among residents, which hinders social interaction and collaboration within the community. Additionally, inadequate waste management has led to environmental problems such as pollution and waste accumulation, negatively affecting public health. The objective of this program is to provide mentoring and training in communication skills for children and teenagers, as well as guidance on innovative and creative waste management strategies to motivate community members. The method employed in this program involves stages of socialization, mentoring, and evaluation. The target groups are children and teenagers for the communication skills program, and mothers from each neighborhood unit (RT) for the waste management innovation activities. Program success is evaluated through competitions. The outcomes of the program include Master of Ceremony (MC) training for children, which successfully increased their self-confidence and public speaking abilities, and a recycling competition that fostered creativity and raised community awareness of the importance of recycling. The activities were carried out over one month, from January 30 to February 28, 2025, using various methods including observation, socialization, and hands-on practice. The evaluation results show a positive impact on participants, as evidenced by 11 children joining the MC training and 8 of them successfully applying public speaking skills, along with 6 creative recycled products. Despite challenges in time management and group coordination, this initiative is expected to lay the foundation for future development and encourage active community participation in environmental preservation and quality of life improvement
Effectiveness of Concrete Crack Repair Using Bacillus subtilis and Calcium Lactate Rahmawan, Rama Zaky; Erizal, Erizal; Putra, Heriansyah; Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh; Sutoyo, Sutoyo
INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/inersia.v21i1.71313

Abstract

Cracks facilitate aggressive substances entering the steel easily and cause corrosion of the reinforcement. There are several innovative methods for dealing with cracks in concrete, one of which is using bacteria. The purpose of using bacteria and CaL is to find out the role and effectiveness of repairing cracks in concrete. In outline, several methods and tests are carried out, including bacterial culture, test tube, concrete sample making, concrete curing, compressive strength testing, permeability testing, absorption testing, image processing testing, and microscopic testing. The test tube results showed that the highest mass of calcite was found in a solution of 2 ml of bacteria and CaL with a concentration of 65.4 g/L. The cracks appeared closed visually at 28 days of age. Through imageJ software, the crack repair rate in concrete reaches 95.94%. The effect of adding B. subtilis and CaL was proven to be able to close concrete cracks and increase the compressive strength of cracked concrete by 13.16%, reduce permeability by 53.12%, and absorption by 22.20%. This was confirmed by SEM testing and VHX-7000 observations which showed the presence of calcite crystals in the concrete pores and filled the concrete crack areas. This study elucidated that using bacillus subtilis bacteria and calcium Lactate in self-healing concrete is an effective technique to repair the concrete crack.
PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP GAME EDUKASI “KARISMA” DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MERDEKA BELAJAR PADA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 18 SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2024 / 2025 Nur Oktavia, Bella; Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Trisiana, Anita
Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol 14 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Prodi PPKn Universitas Slamet Riyadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33061/jgz.v14i1.12242

Abstract

  Tujuan penelitian ini: 1) Untuk menganalisis game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembentukan karakter Merdeka Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2024 / 2025. 2)  Untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta dalam penggunaan game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembelajaran pada tahun ajaran  tahun ajaran 2024 / 2025. Bentuk  penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan guru PPKn kelas VIII dan siswa kelas VIII. Sumber data yang digunakan sumber primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskripsif kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: 1) Game edukasi "KARISMA" memiliki kontribusi positif terhadap pembentukan karakter Merdeka Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Game ini dirancang untuk menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter sesuai dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. 2)  Persepsi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta terhadap penggunaan game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembelajaran cenderung positif. Persepsi siswa pada game ini sebagai media pembelajaran yang inovatif, menarik, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan siswa. Game "KARISMA" tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran, tetapi juga memotivasi mereka untuk lebih aktif, kreatif, dan mandiri dalam belajar. Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Game Edukasi, “KARISMA”     The objectives of this study were: 1) To analyze the educational game "KARISMA" in the developing Merdeka Belajar characters in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the 2024/2025 academic year. 2) To describe the perceptions of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the use of the educational game "KARISMA" in the 2024/2025 academic year. This research method is qualitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were civics teachers in grade and students in grade VIII. The data sources used are primary sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used were through observation, interviews, documentation. Data validity testing was carried out using source triangulation and methods triangulation. The data in this study were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques with an interactive analysis model. The results of this study  could be e concluded: 1) The educational game "KARISMA" has a positive contribution to the development of the Merdeka Belajar character in students in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the 2024/2025 academic year. This game is designed to apply  character values ​​in accordance with the Profil Pelajar Pancasila which was in accordance  with the principles of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. 2) The perception of students in class VIII towards the use of the educational game "KARISMA" in tended to be positive. The Students' perceptions of this game as an innovative, interesting, and relevant learning media to students' needs. The "KARISMA" game not only improves students' understanding of the learning material, but also motivates them to be more active, creative, and independent in learning. Keywords: Perception, Educational Game, "KARISMA"
PERSEPSI LEMBAGA KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL ANAK TERHADAP PROGRAM BANTUAN YAPI MELALUI APLIKASI SIKS-GIS PADA DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN KARANANYAR Ishak, Yanuar; Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Farida Sari, Ama
Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol 14 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Prodi PPKn Universitas Slamet Riyadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33061/jgz.v14i1.12276

Abstract

This study aims to explore the perceptions of Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA) regarding the Orphan Assistance Program (YAPI), implemented through the SIKS-GIS application. A qualitative approach was employed, involving subjects such as Social Service officials, LKSA administrators, and children who benefit from the program. The focus of the research is on LKSA's perceptions of the SIKS-GIS application, with data collected through interviews and observations, and validated using source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that the YAPI program is well-received by orphaned children in Karanganyar, positively impacting their emotional well-being and daily needs. While the application facilitates access, challenges such as data overlap and technical issues persist. Keywords: Orphan Assistance, SIKS-GIS, Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA), Communication, Efficiency, Limitations, Ongoing Support
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP-PRINSIP MANAJEMEN STRATEGI PADA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MADRASAH YANG BERMUTU Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Sangad, Sangad; Patimah, Siti Patimah; Wazin, Wazin
EduTeach : Jurnal Edukasi dan Teknologi Pembelajaran Vol. 6 No. 02 (2025): EduTeach | Jurnal Edukasi dan Teknologi Pembelajaran
Publisher : Unit Pelaksana Praktik Kependidikan Terpadu Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37859/eduteach.v6i02.9082

Abstract

This study aims to explore the application of strategic management principles in improving the quality of education in junior high schools. The background of the study is the problem of the quality of education in several junior high schools is still relatively low due to minimal institutional management. The location of this study was a junior high school in South OKU Regency. The informants of this study were the head of the school and the vice head of curriculum. The research method used was a qualitative method. Data were collected using interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis used qualitative analysis. The results of the study showed that the principles of strategic management had been applied to the school, but had not been carried out optimally. For example, the principle of planning had been applied well, but in its implementation it was more often not in accordance with the plan. In addition, there were plans that were prepared without using strategic principles so that the education process was only routine and learning evaluation focused on the cognitive domain. Of the three strategic principles, implementation and evaluation are the best strategic management principles applied, while the principle of compiling a strategic plan has not been optimally applied.
Karakterisasi Besi Oksida Hasil Korosi Alami vs Elektrolisis dan Analisa Kelayakan sebagai Iron Fuel Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Haikal Akhmad, Fadel; Haikal Muhammad, Arsya
Borobudur Engineering Review Vol 5 No 01 (2025): Sistem Proses Industri
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/benr.v5i01.13457

Abstract

Besi oksida dapat dikategorikan dalam beberapa jenis dan terbentuk melalui berbagai metode. Tiga prosedur umum untuk memperoleh oksida besi yaitu proses korosi, proses kimia basah, dan proses elektrolisis. Proses elektrolisis secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh tegangan dan arus listrik yang diterapkan. Oleh karena itu memahami sifat-sifat oksida besi yang dihasilkan selama elektrolisis sangat penting. Pengaruh kuantitas listrik pada laju oksidasi memerlukan penyelidikan untuk menentukan parameter yang sesuai. Namun demikian, karakteristiknya harus dievaluasi menggunakan beberapa metode, termasuk pengujian XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) yang merupakan teknik analisis untuk menentukan komposisi unsur dari sampel. Untuk menentukan jenis oksida besi, perbandingan sifat fisik setiap sampel sangat penting. Bentuk alami Fe2O3 disebut sebagai hematit, sedangkan Fe3O4 dikenal sebagai magnetit. Keduanya adalah oksida besi dengan warna berbeda; Fe2O3 biasanya berwarna coklat muda atau coklat kemerahan. Fe3O4 biasanya menunjukkan rona gelap atau coklat kehitaman. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa sampel yang dielektrolisis termasuk dalam kategori hematit berdasarkan warnanya, sedangkan sampel yang dihasilkan dari korosi alami lebih mirip dengan magnetit. Data uji XRF menunjukkan konsentrasi oksida 27,8% berat dalam sampel yang dielektrolisis. Fluktuasi tegangan dan arus selama proses elektrolisis hampir tidak mempengaruhi kandungan oksida yang dihasilkan.
Co-Authors A. F., Elisabeth Aan Eko Widiarto Ababil, Alfin Abdur Rahim, Abdur Adi Prayoga Adindo, Apri Winge Agi Ginanjar Agnes Putri Astuti Agustian Agustian Agustina Nurhayati Aimmann J, Revaldy Alexandrea Tasia Benita Widyasari Ama, Karolus Asan Boli Amir Hamzah Anak Agung Istri Sri Wahyuni Anang Priyanto Anesa Surya Anita Trisiana, Anita Aprilia, Miftah Aprizal Zainal Ardiansyah, Bagas Raka Arief Nugroho, Danang Arien Heryansyah Arimbi, Vina Astri Sumiati Astutik Astutik Astutik, Astuttik Aswat, Amarilla Auzar Syarif Ayuningtyas, Tantri Raras Azhar Azhar Azifah, Nur Bambang Siswanto Bambang Widiyatmoko Barus, Robertus Cahyarani, Elvina Chusnul Arif Damayanti, Elok dedi irawan Demus, Niko Devara, Muhammad Ryan DEWI SARTIKA Dewi Yustiana Dewi, Amanda Kusuma Dhone, Emiliyani Meo Diah, Muhammad Dora Kusumastuti Duka, Ngailu Beko Dwi Hanto Edyson Indawan Effendy, Fauzan Ema Butsi Prihastari Ratna Widyaningrum, Ema Butsi Prihastari Erizal Erizal Esti Utarti Etti Swasti Fahrur Rozi Farida Sari, Ama FARIDA, AMA Farij Ibadil Maula Fatimah Zuhra Faustina, Grace Safara Fazero Siregar, Mario Ferriawan Yudhanto, Ferriawan Ferry Ardiansyah Firdaus, Muhamad Imam Firmansyah, Denny Ghudi, Enos Magho Gustian Gustian Haikal Akhmad, Fadel Haikal Muhammad, Arsya Halimah, Noer Handari, Linda Wahyu Hasdifa, Abu Rizal Hasmiandy Hamid Hasugian, Sereati Hayati, PK Dewi Hidayat, Arif Wahyu Hidayat, Cecep Taupik Hidayat, Febrian R Hidayati Karamina I Made Indra Agastya IBNUL QAYIM Indra Dwipa Indri Kusumaningrum, Fitria Irfan, Dhia Kamal Ishak, Yanuar Jalil, Muhamad Jamhari Jamhari Jehani, Hironimus Jelita, Marhama Jenny Indrastoeti Siti Poerwanti, Jenny Indrastoeti Siti Jumadi Jumadi Kamaruddin Kamaruddin Kanangahu, Mercy M Kleor, Fransesko Rudianto Koen Irianto Uripan Koeswayono, Imam Kurniawan Kurniawan Kusharyanti Kusharyanti Kusumawati, Elly Kuswandi Kuswandi Lado, Oldiana Umbu Laksono Trisnantoro Lalo, Yakub Didimus Liong, Octafiandy Christian Listyo Yudha Irawan Lubis, Arul Anwar Lukmanul Hakim M Yusuf Manang, Aleksius Pongu Lima marwoto marwoto Maryanti, Siti Nur Matheus Kamdiono, Matheus Maulana Ibrahim Rau, Maulana Ibrahim Maulana, Eko Maulana, Rizkha Megawati, Rina Mentari, Sekar Miftah Tedy gautama, Miftah Tedy Gautama Mualiffien, Darin M. Mudjijana, Mudjijana Muhammad Nurdin Muhammad Sahal Mukhlis Mustofa Murdiono, Jatmiko Musliar Kasim Muzakki, M Harir Nalwida Rozen Nanda Putri Miefthawati Nanda Rossy Pratiwi Nasdeko, Gandha Ndjurumana, Erlon Nefa, Atikah Julia Nilmawati Nilmawati Nirwana, Nirwana Nofiyanti, Fifi Nome, Erton Nora H. Pandjaitan Novita, Vivi Tria Nur Oktavia, Bella Nurmalasari, Putri Nurul Aisyah Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh Patimah, Siti Patimah Prakoso, Dwi Bangkit Prasetio, Januar Eko Pribawanto, Achmad Yopi Suyitno Purwanto, M. Y. J. Putra, Heriansyah Putri Zafira, Aura Putri, Zenia Dwi Qintana, Muhammad Raka R. Moeljono, R. Rafi Aji, Prihandoko Rizqi Rahmawan, Rama Zaky Rahmawati, Maulidiah Ramadan, Gibran Hadri Ramadhanis, Zainab Rasyid, Syarifuddin Ricky Indri Hapsari Riduansyah, Muhammad Iqbal Ridzal, Nining Asniar Rika Puspita Sari Rita Alfin Ritonga, Zuriani Rizal Ibrahim, Muhammad Rizky Maulana, Rizky Rudiyanto Rudiyanto, Rudiyanto S Siswanto Sadewo, Titon Safri, Hayanuddin Sagita, Wilda Nurfi Dera Sahbandi, Juman Saifudin Saifudin Saktioto Saktioto Salman, Salwa Nabila SANGAD, SANGAD Santika, Cut Santoso, Apri Saptomo, S. K. Sattya Arimurti Setiawan, Ariyono Sholikha, Devita Eka Zulfiatus Simanjorang, Bernando Agung Saputra Siti Supeni Slamet, Alim S Sobang, Adrianus Janga Son Maria, Putut Sri Astuti Sri Hastuti Sri Hidayati Sri Mulyani Sri Murniyanti Sri Suryaningrum Sri Suryaningsum Sri Umi Lestari Sugiaryo, Sugiaryo Suharyono Suharyono Sujatmika, Sujatmika Sumiati, Astri Sumiati, Astri Sundari, Jualian Susilo Ribut Anggarbeni Sutomo Sutomo Sutralinda, Dety Suyani, Ida Sugeng Syahbani, Toha Syahruddin Syahruddin Teguh Budi Prasetyo Theresia Sumei, Theresia Titiek Islami Titis Adisarwanto, Titis Tri Haryanto Tri Satyaning Prabu, Dewanta Firdaus Tri Sudibyo Tridaryanto, Anto Uripan, Koen Irianto Utami, Anisa D Utomo, Tri Rizki Uyun, Nur Rohmatul Vera Nurcahyati, Manggi Vincent Vincent, Vincent WAZIN WAZIN, WAZIN Widada, Heru Widi Ariyawan, Krisna Widowati Wilhelmina Medho Kota, Wilhelmina Medho Winata, Widya Wisnujati, Andika Zuhrotun, Zuhrotun Zulfatri Aini