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TRANSLATING ENGLISH -ED REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES INTO INDONESIAN: CORPUS EVIDENCE AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Sutrisno, Adi; Denistia, Karlina
LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching Vol 28, No 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : English Education Study Programme of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/llt.v28i2.9141

Abstract

The translation of reduced relative clauses from English to Indonesian is problematic because this construction exists in English but lacks a direct equivalent in Indonesian. This study investigates how -ed reduced relative clauses (RRCs) are realised in English and rendered into Indonesian by Google Translate, focusing on structural change, syntactic function, and modifier type. Using CQPWeb with the query “_NN +ed_VVN,” we extracted 285 sentences containing -ed RRCs from the Present-day English corpus. Results show that Indonesian translations consistently re-expand English RRCs into full clauses introduced by the obligatory relativiser yang, regardless of syntactic position (SS, OS, iOS, OPS, CS). This re-expansion preserves the syntactic role of the head noun but sometimes shifts modifier type due to lexical or predicate differences. These findings extend prior descriptions of Indonesian relativisation with corpus-based evidence from MT output and highlight typological constraints influencing how neural MT systems handle clause reduction. From the pedagogical perspective, the results highlight the need for explicit instruction on structural differences between English and Indonesian relative clauses, particularly the non-optional use of yang, in EFL learning. Integrating corpus-based MT examples into teaching could help learners process texts and improve translation accuracy.
Engagement Markers in Indonesian Scholars’ Academic Writing to Establish Rapport with Readers Afandi, Titah; Sutrisno, Adi
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v13i2.6292

Abstract

This study presents a corpus-based analysis of engagement markers in applied linguistics research articles (RAs) authored by Indonesian scholars. While previous research has explored metadiscourse broadly, this investigation focuses specifically on the strategic use of interpersonal features to build reader rapport. A specialized corpus of 20 RAs (104,110 words) from four Scopus-indexed journals (2020–2024) was compiled and analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The analysis, conducted with the Sketch Engine tool, applied a modified version of Hyland and Jiang’s (2016) model of engagement markers. The results indicate a strong preference for knowledge-oriented engagement, with knowledge appeals being the most frequent strategy (1.59 per 1,000 words), predominantly realized through explicit markers of routine conditions. Notably, rhetorical questions were absent from the corpus. Pronominal choice revealed a distinct use of first-person plural pronouns (we, us, our) to foster solidarity and direct reader interpretation, while personal asides were employed to clarify arguments. In terms of directives, references to physical acts (e.g., “see Table 3”) were markedly more common than cognitive or textual acts. These findings suggest a stylistic convention in Indonesian academic writing that prioritizes formality and collective objectivity, potentially at the expense of more direct dialogic interaction. The study concludes by offering practical pedagogical implications for academic writing instruction, suggesting that Indonesian scholars can enhance the persuasive impact and international visibility of their work by strategically diversifying their engagement strategies to foster a more involved reader dialogue.
PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN PETA JALAN TRANSFER ANGGARAN BERBASIS EKOLOGI (TAKE) 2025-2029 SEBAGAI UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KABUPATEN BULUNGAN HIJAU Syaprillah, Aditia; Sutrisno, Adi; Ahmad Zein, Yahya; Wahyuni, Ety; Rohman, Arif; Husin Ali, Muhammad
Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 8, No 10 (2025): MARTABE : JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jpm.v8i10.4051-4059

Abstract

Degradasi lingkungan, eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang tidak berkelanjutan, dan perubahan iklim menjadi tantangan serius dalam pembangunan. Salah satu kebijakan yang dikembangkan untuk menjawab isu tersebut adalah Transfer Anggaran Berbasis Ekologi (TAKE) sebagai mekanisme insentif fiskal berbasis kinerja pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun peta jalan (roadmap) implementasi TAKE Bulungan Hijau 2025–2029 sebagai instrumen penguatan komitmen pemerintah daerah terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian menggunakan mixed methods dengan desain studi kebijakan dan studi kasus di Kabupaten Bulungan, melibatkan analisis dokumen, wawancara, FGD, observasi lapangan, survei desa, serta analisis kuantitatif melalui pembobotan indikator, skenario formula, dan analisis spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa roadmap TAKE Bulungan Hijau dirancang dalam lima tahapan utama: (1) penguatan kelembagaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ramah lingkungan (2025), (2) pengembangan inovasi pengelolaan lingkungan (2026), (3) peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat desa berbasis inovasi (2027), (4) pemantapan kualitas hidup masyarakat desa berbasis inovasi (2028), dan (5) perwujudan kemandirian masyarakat desa dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya ramah lingkungan (2029). Roadmap ini diharapkan mampu menjadikan TAKE sebagai instrumen efektif dalam mendorong komitmen daerah terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan, menciptakan keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kelestarian lingkungan, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa
AN ANALYSIS OF TANSLATION QUALITY OF NOUN GROUP IN THE NOVEL THE BODY IN THE LIBRARY BY AGATHA CHRISTIE Mahbub, Moh. Tarojjil; Sutrisno, Adi
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 2 No 2 (2023): Linguistics and Social Life
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v2i2.1784

Abstract

This research focuses on the Tanslation Quality of Noun Group in the Novel “The Body in the Library” by Agatha Christie to provide an explanation of the quality of the translation and find the noun groups contained in the novel. This research is important to do, because the quality of translations currently available cannot be measured for accuracy, so it can cause differences in the meaning that is conveyed from the source language to the target language. The theory used in this research is Halliday's systemic functional linguistic theory. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method. This method was chosen because we wanted to describe the quality of the translation in the noun group found in the novel The Body in the Library. the data in this study using the indirect observation and transcribing technique. indirect observationis done by reading novels. While note-taking technique is a data collection technique whose data source is written data. transcribing techniqueis used to write clauses containing noun groups in the novel the body in the library by Agatha Christie. This study uses the Spradley ethnographic method in analyzing the data Based on research conducted, The results of the noun group study are found 226 data and 11 contruction. D+T noun contruction 77 (34.07%) data. The next construction is D+C+T, 42 (18.58%) Data. The following are D+E+T and D+T+Q noun group contruction. Each of them is found 28 (12.23 %) Data. D+C+T+Q noun group contruction is found 15 (6.63%) data. The T+Q construction is found 9 data (3.93%). E+T construction is found 8 (3.53%) data. The D+E+C+T and D+E+T+Q noun group constructions have the same data. Each of the is 6 (2.65%) data. Furthermore, there are constructions D+E+C+T+Q and T+T which have only 1 (0.44%) data of each. Based on quality of noun group translation viewed from Systemic Functional Linguistics, 147 ( 83%) data are accurate. 79 (17%) data are not accurate.
FLOUTING MAXIMS BY INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES IN THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE Imansyah, Ananda Adil; Maharani, Reriskha; Afkarina, Fika Sofiah; Sutrisno, Adi
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Language and Political Phenomenon
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v3i1.1931

Abstract

This research specifically examines the non-observance of conversational maxims in the third presidential debate on defense, geopolitics, and international relations. It observes that there are fewer instances where presidential candidates flout the Maxim of Quantity and the Maxim of Relevance compared to the Maxim of Manner. The analysis concludes that Grice’s Cooperative Principle, which emphasizes cooperation in communication, is often contravened by candidates. The findings suggest that presidential candidates are more likely to flout the Maxim of Quantity and the Maxim of Relevance to persuade the audience of their position’s validity, as these maxims relate to their reputation. This study provides insights into political communication during debates and how the public perceives candidates’ strategies. Additionally, the study identifies intentional breaches of conversational maxims by candidates to manipulate public opinion, which can be advantageous for them. This research highlights the variability of communication strategies depending on the audience and circumstances. It has significant implications for understanding the impact of political communication strategies on public opinion and election outcomes.
A LEXICAL COHESION ANALYSIS USED IN JOKO WIDODO’S SPEECH “PELUNCURAN INDONESIA EMAS 2045” Maftuha, Rofiah Ulil; Tjahyadi, Indra; Sutrisno, Adi; Wafa, Hosnol
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Language and Political Phenomenon
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v3i1.2128

Abstract

This study analyzes the types of lexical cohesion in Joko Widodo’s speech. The research has two main objectives: first, to describe the types of lexical cohesion in Joko Widodo’s speech “Peluncuran Indonesia Emas 2045”. The second, is to describe the functions of lexical cohesion in the same speech. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method is employed to describe the analysis and findings, which focus on analyzing types of lexical cohesion such as repetition, synonymy, superordinate, general words, and collocation. The data classification and analysis are conducted based on the theory of lexical cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976), who classify lexical cohesion into two main groups: reiteration and collocation. The result of the analysis shows that 63 data contained repetition (87,5%), 3 data contained synonymy (4,2%), 2 data contained superordinate (2,8%), 4 data contained collocation (5,6%), and no general words were found in this data. After analyzing the results, repetition was identified as the most dominant type of lexical cohesion, accounting for 87.5% of the instances. However, one type of lexical cohesion, namely general words, was not found in the speech text.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES AT FIRST GRADE SDN PAKISTAJI 2 PROBOLINGGO CITY Yani, Yani; Wafa, Hosnol; Sutrisno, Adi; Tjahyadi, Indra
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Language and Political Phenomenon
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v3i1.2253

Abstract

The research results is this research was conducted to find out what types of politeness strategies exist in conversations between teachers and students in first grade at SDN Pakistaji 2 during Indonesian language class hours. SDN Pakistaji 2 is a formal school that is unique in terms of communication where students who are predominantly used to using Madurese in communicating are required to be able to use Indonesian properly and correctly when in class. This research uses pragmatic studies, namely the theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). In pragmatic studies there is a theory about politeness which focuses on politeness strategies. There are 5 types of Brown and Levinson theory in this research, namely positive face, negative face, off record, on record and avoidance. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with recording and transcript techniques to collect and analyze data. The data source comes from audio recordings resulting from observations of conversations between teachers and students in first grade during learning hours. There were 120 data from politeness strategies found in the analysis of audio recordings resulting from observations of conversations between teachers and first grade students at SDN Pakistaji 2 Probolinggo City into 5 types, namely: positive face, negative face, off record, on record, and avoidance. Off record is a type of politeness strategies that is more often found in conversations between Mrs. Ninik and her students with a total of 38 data (31.67%), the second dominant type is on record with a total of 34 data (2.33%), the third type The dominant type is negative face with a total of 33 data (27.5%), the fourth dominant type is a positive face with a total of 12 data (10%), and the last type which is found the least is avoidance with a total of 3 data (2.5 %)..
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY CINTA LAURA “TANGGAPAN CINTA LAURA KALO DI TAWARIN MASUK PARTAI POLITIK” AT METRO TV YOUTUBE CHANNEL Islamia, Hikmatul; Wafa, Hosnol; Sutrisno, Adi; Andayani, Sri
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Language Phenomena
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v3i2.2269

Abstract

This study found the phenomenon of code mixing in Cinta Laura's conversational interactions on one of the TV stations uploaded on the Metro TV YouTube channel. The phenomenon of code mixing not only occurs in direct interactions but also often occurs in communication on social media. This happens because the dynamics of language continue to change in the social and technological context. Communication is common on social media such as Instagram, WhatsApp, TikTok, and YouTube. YouTube is a means of communicating with many people, and this has a significant impact on its users, both positive and negative. This study aims to describe the forms of code mixing types in Cinta Laura's conversation. This study uses Hoffman's code-mixing theory as the main basis for analyzing the collected data. The research design uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques through observation and recording. The data source is all of Cinta Laura's conversations that contain code-mixing. The data was analyzed from one video with a duration of 42 minutes and 34 seconds, which was found in 97 code-mixing events. The analysis results show that 80 data were found that included intra-sentence code-mixing 7 data included intra-lexical code-mixing and 6 data included Involving Change of Pronunciation. This study also found a combination of two types of code mixing, mixing between intra-sentence and intra-lexical, in 4 data. This finding shows that the dynamics of language use in social media and digital communication are very complex and influenced by various social and technological factors. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of how code mixing occurs in everyday communication.
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ARABIC AND ENGLISH AFFIXATION Astutik, Lidia; Andayani, Sri; Sutrisno, Adi; Tjahyadi, Indra
JURNAL LITERASI Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Language Phenomena
Publisher : Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/literasi.v3i2.2276

Abstract

This research comparative between Arabic and English affixation. This research was raised because of the assumption that when students have learned and know about one of the two languages, the students assume that the other language is difficult to understand. This research has two main objectives there are to find the differences and similarities of Arabic and English affixation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method is employed to describe the analysis and findings, which focus on analyzing comparative between Arabic and English affixation. The data analysis mehod this research uses Metode Agih (distributional method). Metode Agih (distributional method) is a method whose determining tool is precisely part of the languge concerned, namely Arabic and English. This research gets the result, There are six differences of Arabic and English in affixation In Arabic, the addition of verbs to nouns has three affixes, namely prefix, infix and confix. While English according to katamba theory, the addition of verbs to nouns only has suffixes. The similarities there are three, In general both languages have affixed words. Both language have additional letters and meaning changes. While specifically Arabic and English can changed from verb into noun.
The Use of English Relative Clauses by Indonesian Authors: A Case Study in Business, Engineering, and Science Journal Articles Sutrisno, Adi; Denistia, Karlina
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 24, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v24i2.9097

Abstract

The ability to effectively use relative clauses is pivotal in English journal articles, as it allows authors the flexibility to modify various noun phrases within sentences to convey clearer and more precise writing. This research explores the strategies employed by Indonesian authors from three distinct disciplines - business, engineering, and science. To accomplish this, we analyzed thirty papers published in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Makara Journal of Science, and Gadjahmada International Journal of Business. In total, 1453 relative clauses were collected and analyzed. A cross-classification analysis was performed to examine the distribution of relative clauses. The findings of the study indicate a preference among Indonesian writers to use non-reduced relative clauses, specifically those that serve as restrictive modifiers for objects. We also observe that the past participle is employed with greater frequency than the present participle. The results reveal that Indonesian authors prefer non-reduced relative clauses over reduced ones, opt for restrictive clauses over non-restrictive ones, and consistently favor relativizing the subject (S-form) in their relative clauses over the object (O-form). Our results also show that the choice of relative clauses is subject-specific, influenced by the distinct communicative requirements and preferences within each field. Our examination of relative clauses has provided insights into the syntactic choices, including their reduction status, restrictiveness, the use of participles, connectors, and the syntactic category modified by the clause.