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Suwardji
Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
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Journal : Empiricism Journal

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Interaksi Antara Pestisida dan Mikroorganisme Tanah: Degradasi Menggunakan Pendekatan Molekuler Fibriyani, Eka; Suwardji, Suwardji; Susilowati, Lolita Endang
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/wrf5b524

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji interaksi antara pestisida dan mikroorganisme tanah serta mekanisme biodegradasi yang terjadi melalui pendekatan molekuler. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan analisis kualitatif deskriptif terhadap 35 artikel utama yang dipilih melalui prosedur PRISMA dari berbagai basis data ilmiah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pestisida dapat menurunkan keragaman mikroba tanah, menghambat aktivitas enzim, serta memicu pergeseran struktur komunitas mikroba, namun sejumlah bakteri dan fungi seperti Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Flavobacterium, Aspergillus, dan Penicillium yang mampu mendegradasinya melalui enzim kunci yang dikode oleh gen seperti opd, mpd, dan phnJ. Efektivitas degradasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH, suhu, bahan organik, dan tekstur tanah. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa pemahaman biodegradasi pestisida memerlukan integrasi antara analisis molekuler dan faktor ekologi, sehingga pengelolaan tanah berkelanjutan harus mempertimbangkan kedua aspek tersebut secara bersamaan. Interaction Between Pesticides and Soil Microorganisms: Degradation Using a Molecular Approach Abstract This study aims to examine the interaction between pesticides and soil microorganisms and the biodegradation mechanisms that occur through a molecular approach. The method used is a literature review with descriptive qualitative analysis of 35 primary articles selected using the PRISMA procedure from various scientific databases. The results of the study indicate that pesticides can reduce soil microbial diversity, inhibit enzyme activity, and trigger shifts in microbial community structure. However, several bacteria and fungi such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Flavobacterium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium are capable of degrading them through key enzymes encoded by genes such as opd, mpd, and phnJ. The effectiveness of this degradation is strongly influenced by pH, temperature, organic matter, and soil texture. Overall, this study confirms that understanding pesticide biodegradation requires an integration of molecular analysis and ecological factors, so that sustainable soil management must consider both aspects simultaneously.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Air Pada Lahan Kering Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Pendekatan Prinsip Agroekologi Suwardji, Suwardji; Sandhiyana, Alifkha Bagus; Suwardji , Suwardji; Susilowati, Lolita Endang
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/esq9jt38

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi optimalisasi pengelolaan air pada lahan kering dengan menerapkan tiga prinsip agroekologi: daur ulang nutrisi dan air, integrasi tanaman-ternak, serta peningkatan produktivitas sistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR), dengan analisis terhadap 30 artikel dari jurnal internasional dan nasional yang terindeks Scopus dan Web of Science, yang diterbitkan antara 2020-2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan prinsip daur ulang air, seperti pemanenan air hujan, penggunaan mulsa organik, dan konservasi in-situ, dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air sebesar 45-65% serta mengurangi evapotranspirasi hingga 25-40%. Integrasi tanaman-ternak terbukti meningkatkan retensi air tanah melalui penambahan bahan organik, yang memperbaiki struktur tanah hingga 50%. Fokus pada produktivitas sistem, seperti diversifikasi tanaman tahan kekeringan, agroforestri, dan pengelolaan holistik, dapat meningkatkan produktivitas air sebesar 35-55% serta meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap variabilitas iklim. Implementasi terintegrasi dari ketiga prinsip ini dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian sebesar 40-60%, mengurangi degradasi lahan, dan meningkatkan sekuestrasi karbon hingga 2-4 ton C/ha/tahun. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi agroekologi yang terintegrasi dapat mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan dan meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian di lahan kering. Water Management Optimization in Dryland Agriculture to Enhance Sustainable Agricultural Productivity: Agroecological Principles Approach Abstract This study aims to analyze strategies for optimizing water management in dryland areas by applying three agroecological principles: nutrient and water recycling, crop-livestock integration, and system productivity enhancement. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing 30 articles from international and national journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2020-2025. The findings indicate that the application of water recycling principles, such as rainwater harvesting, organic mulching, and in-situ conservation, can increase water use efficiency by 45-65% and reduce evapotranspiration by 25-40%. Crop-livestock integration has been shown to improve soil water retention through the addition of organic matter, enhancing soil structure by up to 50%. Focusing on system productivity, such as the diversification of drought-tolerant crops, agroforestry, and holistic management, can increase water productivity by 35-55% and improve system resilience to climate variability. The integrated implementation of these three principles can increase agricultural productivity by 40-60%, reduce land degradation, and enhance carbon sequestration by 2-4 tons C/ha/year. This study demonstrates that the application of integrated agroecological strategies can support environmental sustainability and improve agricultural productivity in dryland areas.
Pendekatan Integrasi Rotasi Tumpangsari dan Amandemen Organik dalam Upaya Keberlanjutan Sistem Pertanian Lahan Kering Wardani, Agustina Ayu; Susilowati, Lolita Endang; Mulyati, Mulyati; Suwardji, Suwardji
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/beywdj59

Abstract

Lahan kering memiliki keterbatasan air dan kesuburan tanah, sehingga membutuhkan strategi pengelolaan yang meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya dan menjaga kesehatan ekosistem. Studi ini bertujuan mengkaji integrasi rotasi–tumpangsari dengan amandemen organik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara dan air dalam mendukung pertanian lahan kering berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review terhadap 20 artikel yang lolos seleksi akhir, terdiri atas 4 artikel dari MDPI, 2 dari SpringerLink, 3 dari Frontiers, dan 11 dari Google Scholar (jurnal internasional maupun nasional terindeks SINTA). Literatur yang direview berfokus pada analisis pola tanam rotasi–tumpangsari yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan organik seperti kompos dan pupuk kandang, serta evaluasi dampaknya terhadap kualitas tanah dan pengelolaan hara–air. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik dan sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi rotasi–tumpangsari dan amandemen organik meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah, memperbaiki struktur tanah, serta meningkatkan kemampuan tanah menahan air dan menyediakan hara bagi tanaman. Pendekatan ini juga menekan erosi, mengurangi ketergantungan pada pestisida sintetik, memperpanjang masa produktif lahan, dan menurunkan risiko kegagalan panen akibat perubahan iklim ekstrem. Studi merekomendasikan model agroekologi yang mengintegrasikan diversifikasi tanaman dan amandemen organik sebagai strategi jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menjaga keberlanjutan, dengan implikasi positif bagi ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan petani. An Integration Approach of Intercropping Rotation and Organic Amendments in Efforts to Sustain Dryland Farming Systems Abstract Drylands are characterized by limited water availability and low soil fertility, requiring management strategies that improve resource use efficiency while sustaining ecosystem health. This study reviews the integration of crop rotation–intercropping with organic amendments to enhance nutrient and water use efficiency in support of sustainable dryland agriculture. A systematic literature review was conducted on 20 articles that passed the final screening, comprising 4 articles from MDPI, 2 from SpringerLink, 3 from Frontiers, and 11 from Google Scholar (including international journals and nationally indexed SINTA journals). The reviewed literature focused on rotation–intercropping configurations combined with organic inputs such as compost and manure, and evaluated their effects on soil quality and nutrient–water management. Data were examined through thematic analysis and narrative synthesis. The synthesis indicates that integrating rotation–intercropping with organic amendments increases soil organic matter, improves soil structure, and enhances the soil’s capacity to retain water and supply nutrients to crops. This approach also reduces soil erosion, decreases reliance on synthetic pesticides, prolongs the productive lifespan of dryland fields, and lowers the risk of crop failure under extreme climate change and variability. The study recommends an agroecological model that integrates crop diversification with organic amendments as an effective long-term strategy to increase productivity while safeguarding dryland system sustainability, with positive implications for food security and smallholder farmer welfare.
Hubungan Antar Pengelolaan Lahan dan Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati Nusa Tenggara Barat Syafitri, Nur; Susilowati, Lolita Endang; Mulyati, Mulyati; Suwardji, Suwardji
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/s1zvb063

Abstract

Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) memiliki 70-80% wilayah berupa lahan kering dengan curah hujan tahunan 1.000-1.500 mm dan musim kemarau panjang (6-8 bulan). Kondisi ini menciptakan ekosistem lahan kering yang unik dengan keanekaragaman hayati tinggi namun rentan terhadap degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman flora dan fauna di wilayah lahan kering NTB serta mengkaji tantangan dan strategi pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi survei tinjauan jurnal sistematis atau literature review yang bersifat deskriptif-analitik dengan fokus pada keanekaragaman hayati lahan kering dan pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan 87 spesies flora dari 45 famili, didominasi spesies tahan kekeringan seperti lontar (Borassus flabellifer), gebang (Corypha utan), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica), dan berbagai legum penutup tanah. Keragaman fauna mencakup mamalia (rusa timor, monyet ekor panjang), burung, reptil, hingga serangga penyerbuk dan pengurai. Kemarau panjang menyebabkan krisis air bersih, gagal panen, peningkatan serangan hama, kebakaran lahan, dan ancaman kesehatan masyarakat. Degradasi lahan >400.000 ha (2020) diperparah oleh praktik pertanian tidak berkelanjutan dan perubahan iklim. Pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan memerlukan integrasi konservasi tanah-air, diversifikasi tanaman tahan kekeringan, agroforestri, pemberdayaan varietas lokal, dan penguatan kawasan konservasi laut dan darat. Keanekaragaman hayati lahan kering NTB merupakan aset strategis untuk ketahanan pangan, pendapatan masyarakat, dan identitas budaya yang harus dilindungi melalui pendekatan ekologis, ekonomis, dan sosial-budaya terintegrasi. The Relationship Between Land Management and Biodiversity Levels in West Nusa Tenggara Abstract West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) covers 70-80% of its territory, consisting of drylands, with annual rainfall of 1,000-1,500 mm and a long dry season (6-8 months). These conditions create a unique dryland ecosystem with high biodiversity but are vulnerable to land degradation. This research aims to identify the diversity of flora and fauna in the dryland areas of NTB and to examine the challenges and strategies for sustainable land management. This research method is a systematic journal review survey study or literature review which is descriptive-analytical in nature with a focus on dryland biodiversity and sustainable land management in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The study revealed 87 floral species from 45 families, dominated by drought-tolerant species such as the lontar palm (Borassus flabellifer), gebang (Corypha utan), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), and various groundcover legumes. Fauna diversity includes mammals (Timor deer, long-tailed macaques), birds, reptiles, and even pollinating and decomposing insects. Fauna diversity includes mammals (Timor deer, long-tailed macaques), birds, reptiles, and even pollinating and decomposing insects. Prolonged droughts have led to clean water shortages, crop failures, increased pest infestations, land fires, and public health threats. Land degradation of >400,000 ha (2020) is exacerbated by unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change. Sustainable land management requires the integration of soil-water conservation, drought-resistant crop diversification, agroforestry, the empowerment of local varieties, and the strengthening of marine and terrestrial conservation areas. The biodiversity of NTB's drylands is a strategic asset for food security, community income, and cultural identity that must be protected through an integrated ecological, economic, and socio-cultural approach.
Peran Amelioran dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah di Lahan Kering Aulia, Firda; Suwardji, Suwardji; Mulyati, Mulyati; Endang Susilowati, Lolita
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/11ay8v58

Abstract

Lahan kering di Indonesia mencakup sekitar 76% dari luas daratan dan sebagian besar mengalami degradasi sedang hingga berat akibat keterbatasan air, rendahnya bahan organik, serta pengelolaan tanah yang tidak berkelanjutan. Kondisi ini menurunkan produktivitas tanaman hingga 30–50% dan memperburuk ketahanan pangan nasional. Meskipun kajian tentang amelioran telah berkembang, masih terdapat kekurangan sintesis komprehensif antara efektivitas amelioran organik yang berorientasi jangka panjang dan amelioran anorganik yang bereaksi cepat, khususnya pada tanah Ultisol dan Inceptisol di Nusa Tenggara dan Sulawesi, serta minimnya integrasi faktor sosial-ekonomi petani kecil dengan implikasi kebijakan rehabilitasi lahan kritis. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau peran amelioran dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah lahan kering di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi faktor kontekstual yang memengaruhi efektivitasnya, serta merumuskan rekomendasi praktis dan kebijakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif terhadap 18 artikel jurnal terakreditasi, prosiding, dan laporan lembaga resmi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk kandang meningkatkan kapasitas menahan air sebesar 22% dan N-total 0,15%, biochar meningkatkan porositas tanah 18% serta ketersediaan fosfor 25%, sedangkan dolomit dan kapur pertanian mampu menetralkan keasaman tanah dengan kenaikan pH 1,75–2,05 unit. Kombinasi organik-anorganik terbukti paling efektif, dengan peningkatan hasil tanaman mencapai 50–100% dibandingkan aplikasi tunggal. Keberhasilan penerapan amelioran dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanah, dosis, ketersediaan air, serta kondisi sosial-ekonomi petani, sehingga penerapan terpadu dan berkelanjutan berpotensi menjadi strategi penting dalam rehabilitasi lahan kering dan peningkatan produktivitas pertanian di Indonesia. The Role of Ameliorants in Soil Quality Improvement in Drylands Abstract Dryland areas in Indonesia cover approximately 76% of the total land area, with most experiencing moderate to severe degradation due to water scarcity, low organic matter, and unsustainable land management practices. These conditions reduce crop productivity by 30–50% and exacerbate national food security challenges. Although studies on soil ameliorants have expanded, there remains a significant gap in synthesizing the long-term effectiveness of organic ameliorants versus the rapid effects of inorganic ones, particularly on Ultisol and Inceptisol soils in Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi. Moreover, limited integration of smallholder socio-economic factors into land rehabilitation policies further constrains practical application. This review aims to examine the role of ameliorants in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of dryland soils in Indonesia, identify contextual factors influencing their effectiveness, and provide practical recommendations and policy implications. The study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review of 18 peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and official reports. Findings indicate that organic ameliorants such as manure increase water-holding capacity by 22% and total nitrogen by 0.15%, while biochar enhances soil porosity by 18% and phosphorus availability by 25%. Inorganic ameliorants such as dolomite and agricultural lime raise soil pH by 1.75–2.05 units and improve calcium and magnesium availability. The combination of organic and inorganic inputs produces synergistic effects, boosting crop yields by 50–100% compared to single applications. Successful implementation depends on soil type, dosage, water availability, and farmer socio-economic conditions, highlighting the need for integrated and sustainable strategies in dryland rehabilitation and agricultural productivity improvement in Indonesia.
Co-Authors A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan A. Farid Hemon 2) A.A Sudharmawan A.A. Ketut Sudharmawan AA Sudharmawan, AA AB, Baharuddin Abda Abda Abdul Syukur Abdus Syakur Assopi Agil Al Idrus Agus Suroso Ahmad Raksun Ahmad Suriadi Al Majid, Aqshaldi Azayaka Alkhairi, Muhammad Alvin Janitera Amri, Amarrusli Ali Amuddin -, Amuddin Amuddin Amuddin, Amuddin Anbary, Yasmin Afra Anggereni, Tara Gita Anggreny Dewatary, Dhea Anisah Resty U Annisa Suryanti Apriadi, Apriadi Aprianti, Irma Ardianti, Risma Arum Dewi, Pervitara Aryabakti, Lalu Arifin AULIA, FIRDA Auliya Safitri Aziz, Muhamad Darul Amimi Azizah, Isnaniar Rahmatul Baharuddin Baharuddin Baharuddin Baharuddin Bakti, Lalu Arifin Aria Bambang Dipo Kusumo Bambang Hari Kusumo Bangkit Maulana, Bangkit Caesario Susmadi M Diah Miftahul Aini Dita Apliza Dori Kusuma Jaya Edwin, Pratama Eko Basuki, Eko Endah - Herlina Eviani, Sri Fadli Fadli fahrudin Fahrudin Fahrudin Fahrudin Fahrudin Fajriani, Nurdani Fauzi, M Taufik Fauzi, Taufik Febriana Sri Wahyuni Feby Umaroh I Fibriyani, Eka Firda Salzabilla Syehan Firda Widya Sari Firman Abadi Saputra Hadromy Hawari Hamkary Salam, Riza Hanipah Hapsari Hurum, Puji Huda, Ahlul Fikri Amrul Husni Idris Husni, Ika Rauhul I Dewa Gede Jaya Negara I Gusti Made Kusnarta I Gusti Putu Muliarta Aryana I Made Sudantha I Wayan Sudika Ibrahim Ilmi , Lalu Bahrul Ilwati, Uun Irmayani Irmayani Irniatun Hasanah Irwin Aryadi Irwin Aryadi Ismail Yasin Isnaniar Rahmatul Azizah Iswara , Baiq Sagia Febrina Izomil Fathoni Jayus Kharisma Hendra Joko Priyono Joko Sumarsono Kusman, Hardi Kusnarta, IGM. Lalu Arifin Aria Bakti Lalu Kurniawan Larassaty Octaprama Lestari Ujianto, Lestari Lolita Endang Susilowati Lukmanul Hakim Luxanti, Sifa Rajasmin M Thoriq Panji A M Zul Qurnain M. Fahed Ramadhan M. Sarjan, M. M. Taufik Fauzi M. Taufik Fauzi M. Taufik Fauzi, M. Taufik Mahardhika, Baiq Eliza Prizma Mansur Ma’shum Mariani Mariani Mariani Mariatul Quro Maulidyasari Maya Rizki A Mimi Atiatun R Muh Hayatullah Muhammad Dinul Islami Muhammad Dinul Islami Muhammad Khiorul A Muhammad Sarjan Muhammad Syaihul Ahzami Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati mulyati mulyati Nadira Nani Herawati Nggolo, Baghdad Cahyo Nisa, Khaerun Nopiana Fitri Nurfaizah Nurlina Nurrachman Nurul Putri P Padusung Padusung Padusung Parta Tanaya Pramadya Sudantha Pramesthi, Ardi Yoga Puji Hapsari Hurum Putri Yunita Wahyuti Putri, Fadila Rahmatika Putri, Mega Utami Regina Rachmat Agumdhana Raodatul Putri Rengga Astrada Ria Rustiana Rida Olina C Ridha Ayumnuazmi Riezka Zuhriatika Rasyda Riezka Zuhriatika Rasyda Rinda Astri Vianti Rindu Salsabila Ulayya Rindu Salsabila Ulayya Rismawati Sudarsih Rudy Fermana Rusdiani, Rusdiani Sabaniartha, Ni Nengah Anatasya Sabariyah Sadmaka 1) Safira Mawaddah Safitri, Rifani Aulia Safta, Laila Salta, Legina Aldaeska Sandhiyana, Alifkha Bagus Saputra, Andika Nellsen Sartika, Luwy Satya, M. Erik Panji Dwi Selvia, Siska Ita Siska Ita Selvia Siti Raihanun Siti Rohmaniati, Baiq Sofia Dianti Y Sopia Hidayati Sri Tejowulan Sudarmawan, AA Ketut Sudharmawan, A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan, A.A. Ketut Sukartno Sukartono Sukartono Sukartono Sukartono Sukartono Sukartono Sulfaida Pratami Suparman Suwardji , Suwardji Syafitri, Nur Tamimi, M. Harjiman Taslim Sjah Taufik Fauzi Tejo Wulan Tejo Wulan Tribhuana Tungga Dewi U’ul Efriyanti Prayoba Verina Januati Wargadalam W.H. Utomo Wardani, Agustina Ayu Wayan Wangiyana Welmy Soumena Yudi Apriyan Yunita, Mira Yusrisal Nahendra Yusrisal Nahendra Zaenal Arifin Zahratul Aeni Zakaria, Abdul Wahid Zubaidi, Akhmad Zuhdiyah Matienatul Iemaaniah