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Legal and governance issues of donations based crowdfunding: an appraisal Nor, Mohd Zakhiri Md; Azhar, Alias; Rachmawati, Irma; Sumadikara, T. Subarsyah; Turmantar, Firman; Sumantry, Deden; Mulyadi, Leni Wini; Santika, Tisni; Septianita, Hesti; Saba, Irum
International Journal of Latin Notary Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Internasional Journal of Latin Notary, September 2023
Publisher : Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61968/journal.v4i1.54

Abstract

Donation-based crowdfunding is now common in many countries in the world. It has been increasingly important, particularly during Covid-19, and is viewed as one of the strategies for addressing financial challenges in some segments of society. Government and non-governmental organizations. However, the scammer activities via crowdfunding are increasing and Malaysian laws are only regulated the Equity Crowdfunding (ECF) and Peer to Peer Financing (P2P) This paper will focus the discussion of Malaysia's legal framework for crowdfunding. The paper investigates the issues surrounding donation-based crowdfunding in Malaysia. This paper employs qualitative methodology and phenomenology as a case design. Data will be gathered from statues, journals, and other written materials. Thematic and content analysis will be used to analyse the data. This paper discovered that there are issues with donation-based crowdfunding conducted by individuals or non-governmental organizations. This paper concludes thatthere is a pressing need to regulate donation-based crowdfunding in Malaysia in order for it to achieve the donor goals and Maqasid Syariah.
Security in islamic finance shariah compliance and the new civil court's approach to dispute resolution Mohamad, Ani Munirah; Md Nor, Mohd Zakhiri; Rachmawati, Irma
International Journal of Latin Notary Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Internasional Journal of Latin Notary, September 2023
Publisher : Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61968/journal.v4i1.61

Abstract

Malaysia has a dual financial system that includes both conventional banking and Islamic banking. Over time, Islamic banking has evolved to the point where it has enticed traditional banks to offer Shariah-compliant products as well. However, even though conventional banks have provided Shariah-compliant products, the Islamic bank's obligation to provide Islamic banking services remains. The goal of this article is to look at the measures in the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 that assure Shariah-compliance security for Islamic banks. This paper also investigates the current approach of civil courts in resolving disputes. The qualitative research methodology was used in this paper. The phenomenology method was used in the research design. Data will be gathered from journals, statutes, and case law. The data will be analyzed using the content analysis method. This paper concludes that it is a heavy-duty of every Islamic bank to ensure Shariah compliance security, and the current civil court approach is that the Islamic banking agreement is still enforceable even if it does not comply with Shariah law. Islamic banking agreements that are in accordance with Shariah law or are not perfectly in accordance with Shariah law are both valid and legal
Evaluating The Impact And Legal Framework Of The Cabotage Principle In Coastal State Shipping Abdullah, Kamarulnizam; Rachmawati, Irma; Septianita, Hesti
International Journal of Latin Notary Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Internasional Journal of Latin Notary, March 2024
Publisher : Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61968/journal.v4i2.78

Abstract

The Cabotage Principle grants coastal states the authority to exclusively regulate domestic shipping within their waters. This principle allows coastal nations to prohibit foreign vessels from navigating and trading along their coastlines without permission and for clear, justified reasons. In Indonesia, foreign vessels are restricted from entering its waters unless expressly authorized. The study aims to evaluate the impact on indigenous and foreign coastal shipping firms and explore how the policy can be leveraged to enhance business opportunities for local ship operators in the coastal shipping sector. Data was collected on the charter fees for numerous regional and foreign cabotage vessels for each year within the scope of this study, assuming comparable charter rates for ships from both groups. The resulting model proposes a legal framework for the cabotage principle that involves key stakeholders, including ports, local governments, legislatures, and academic institutions. The specific goal of this research is to inform policy-making, regional studies, and international law.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN DI BIDANG KEHUTANAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN HUKUM KLINIS DI KESATUAN PEMANGKU HUTAN BANTEN Rachmawati, Irma; Tedjabuwana, Rosa; Ibnu Shina, Km; Rochman, Noor
Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 5, No 9 (2022): Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jpm.v5i9.3503-3508

Abstract

Perhatian terhadap hutan sebagai unsur penting bagi sumber daya alam nasional, memiliki arti dan peranan yang sangat besar pengaruhnya pada aspek kehidupan sosial, lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan. Melalui Konsep Kawasan hutan dengan Pengelolaan Khusus (KHDPK) memungkinkan pengelolaan dengan inisiatif masyakarat dan kerjasana dalam bidang pangan dengan badan usaha. Hal ini dikhawatirkan menimbulkan konflik mengingat banyak pihak yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan Hutan. Perjanjian merupakan salah satu upaya preventif dalam pencegahan konflik dalam pengelolaan hutan berdasarkan KHDPK. Pola Investor dalam KHDPK membuka peluang tercerabutnya hak rakyat terhadap hutan. Pola kemitraan di Perhutani mempunyai tujuan untuk memberikan ruang kepada masyarakat dan investor secara seimbang yang dituangkan dalam perjanjian tiga pihak. Tatacara yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan hukum kepada masyarakat dalam pembuatan dan Analisa perjanjian melalui pendekatan hukum klinis. Sasaran yang diharapkan mitra sanggup mengetahui anatomi perjanjian   dan menganalisis perjanjian sederhana dalam bidang kehutanan. 
New model of maritime law enforcement for the empowerment of Indonesian marine agent security Irma Rachmawati Maruf; Kamarulnizam Abdullah
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i1.2245

Abstract

Law enforcement is very crucial for Indonesian safety in sea maritime. In many countries, the agency enforces maritime law. Mostly of legal international trade moves by seas and is illegally used by smugglers transporting prohibited substances or illegal migrant workers.   Ships are also vulnerable to violence. Ships are robbed or hijacked, raising concerns that such attacks could finance terrorism or result in seized vessels being used as floating bombs to attack essential ports. The Indonesian Government may also have a strategic policy to prevent such illegal carriage by sea. It must have harmonies of the regulations state competing interest in exploiting and regulating maritime activities. This article will seek agencies to implement law, security, and safety at sea and review marine agencies. The agents are expected to avoid law enforcement in the sea, which is currently ineffective, causing competition between authority institutions or interests, all of which are detrimental to implementing the rule of law itself. In Indonesian shipping law, law enforcement of marine law is not only be handled by one department. Some regulations give different authority to any department to force the direction. So, there is no integration system to move the marine law if the law separates the sectoral approach that caused many law problems; one of them is an overlap in authority which tends to be a conflict of interest among them. Law enforcement at sea has particular characteristics and extraordinary scopes under the applicable legal regime in the sea area
Legal aspect of Governing Electronic Transport Document in Indonesian Port Irma Rachmawati Maruf; Putrì Mety Zalinda; Maman Budiman; Tuti Rastuti; Yogi Yogaswara; Dzulfiqar Rizqan Agistra
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 19 No. 1 (2020): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v19i1.2432

Abstract

This paper aims to discover an appropriate port management model so that Indonesian ports can export technology while also supporting managerial and functionally international trade.   The blockchain chain model can help Indonesian ports compete with ports in neighboring countries.   The study also explores whether managing shipping workflows and documents can adopt the Blockchain of existing maritime ports. This study employs qualitative research methods.   The research used secondary data from international regulations and conventions while supporting information with depth interview data; Current studies build a conceptual framework through a systematic project review conducted in conjunction with scientific literature published in journals and conference processes, random sampling, and observation over the past decade. The results showed that the project under review could be compiled into three main conceptual areas: document workflow management, financial processes, and device connectivity. However, having a clear linkage, no project under review considered all three places at once. Concepts related to maritime document workflows receive broad support among the projects under consideration. In addition, the project under review inadvertently followed similar goals set out in the port management scientific project before the introduction of blockchain technology.
Liability Of A Carrier Based On Sea Carriage Document In Indonesia (A Way Forward To E-Document) Irma Rachmawati Maruf; T. Subarsyah; Ahmad Ridwan Tentowi; Valda Zahira Sidqy
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v19i2.2999

Abstract

Maritime Document tin Indonesian law refers to the regulations of the Indonesian Commercial Code and International Conventions such as The Hague Rules in 1928 and The Hague Visby Rules of 1968. As an essential document in international trade, the conventions are also very influential. One of the latest conventions is the U.N. Convention on Contract for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, which was signed in Rotterdam in 2009 (Rotterdam Rules).  The problem arises when until now Indonesian Government is not a party nor ratified of those Convention and for the e-document Indonesia only apply e-Bill of Lading (e-B/L).  The research method is a legal analysis of the key provision of the relevant law upon Maritime Law.  The findings indicated that   Maritime Documents in Indonesia, are divided into charter agreement and bill of lading agreement. It also find that E-B/L Bill is not suitable   in Common nor Civil law jurisdiction.
Enhancing self-care in hypertensive pregnant women through WhatsApp application Rachmawati, Irma; Yanti Hermayanti; Ermiati, Ermiati
Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Aisyiyah Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31101/jkk.4097

Abstract

Hypertension in pregnancy is currently the leading cause of maternal mortality. Self-care strategies, delivered via media adjusted to technological progress, accessibility, and pregnant women's needs, offer a practical means to manage this condition. represent a feasible option for the management of this condition. Because of its widespread use, WhatsApp could be used to improve self-care in hypertensive pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effect of WhatsApp on self-care in pregnant women with hypertension. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 42 respondents were recruited by consecutive sampling from six community health centers, 21 respondents were in the intervention group and 21 respondents were in the control group. The outcomes were evaluated using the Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP) questionnaire, which was adapted for the Indonesian context and validated (r=0.517–0.957) and reliable (α=0.935) both before and after health education. Data analysis used nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs and Mann-Whitney tests. In the intervention group, self-care scores improved significantly post-intervention (p<0.05), unlike the control group (p>0.05). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05).WhatsApp education boosted self-care scores, utilizing its accessibility and closed-group features for uniform information delivery. These findings advocate integrating such media into community health center protocols, bolstering health professional educational roles. Randomized trials on long-term adherence to WhatsApp-guided self-care protocols and studies comparing these to traditional in-person counseling recommended for future research.
Regulatory Framework, Contractual Structures, and Legal Challenges of Conventional and Sharia Equity Crowdfunding (ECS) for MSME Financing in Indonesia: Comparative Analysis with Malaysia MD NOR, Mohd Zakhiri; Noor, Nadiya Salsabila; Maruf, Irma Rachmawati
International Journal of Latin Notary Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Internasional Journal of Latin Notary, September 2025
Publisher : Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61968/journal.v6i1.194

Abstract

This study examines the regulatory framework, contractual structures, and legal challenges of conventional and sharia equity crowdfunding as alternative financing mechanisms for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia, with comparative insights from Malaysia. The research employs a normative legal methodology analyzing primary legal instruments including Indonesian Finance Authority Regulation, and related regulations, supplemented by empirical literature examining crowdfunding implementation in both jurisdictions. The findings reveal that Indonesia operates a dual regulatory framework combining securities regulations with Islamic jurisprudential guidance, while Malaysia pioneered ECS licensing in 2015 with ongoing debates regarding Sharia governance depth. Conventional equity crowdfunding employs standard share subscription agreements under corporate law, whereas sharia equity crowdfunding utilizes Islamic contracts including musharakah, mudharabah, qardh hasan, and ijarah to ensure compliance with prohibitions against riba, gharar, and maysir. The study identifies three significant legal issues: regulatory gaps particularly concerning sharia share offering provisions and Sharia Supervisory Board responsibilities, cybercrime vulnerabilities affecting unregistered platforms comprising approximately ninety percent of sharia operators, and money laundering risks through electronic payment mechanisms. The research further demonstrates that religious investors significantly influence crowdfunding success, with Islamic campaigns attracting 37.1 percent higher funding based on empirical evidence from comparable markets. The study concludes that effective sharia crowdfunding development requires statutory-level legislation, enhanced Indonesian Finance Authority Regulation supervision of unregistered platforms, mandatory cybersecurity standards, comprehensive Sharia governance frameworks with separate review, audit and risk functions, and targeted financial literacy programs. These recommendations aim to bridge the gap between sharia principles and positive law while expanding MSME access to equity-based financing aligned with maqasid al-Shariah objectives.
LEGAL STUDY ON ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LEGAL DECISIONS: CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW Hanafi, Imam; Syah, Kaharuddin; Judijanto, Loso; Rachmawati Maruf, Irma; Subihat, Ihat
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.4659

Abstract

This comprehensive research embarks on meticulously exploring the intricate ethical nuances at the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and legal decision-making. Through an exhaustive literature review, the study meticulously navigates the complexities woven into algorithmic bias, the multifaceted dimensions of data privacy concerns, the profound implications on human agency, imperatives surrounding transparency, the socio-economic impacts stemming from the integration of AI, and the global perspectives that cast a profound influence on this intricate landscape. The synthesis of these insights reveals a dynamic interplay between the rapid evolution of technological capabilities and the intricate ethical considerations that underpin responsible AI integration into legal frameworks. The study underscores the need for ongoing interdisciplinary discourse, urging scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to engage in a continuous dialogue to ensure that ethical frameworks evolve in tandem with the relentless progression of AI technology. The conclusion advocates for a flexible and adaptive ethical framework poised to navigate the evolving ethical horizon, thereby ensuring AI's judicious and equitable integration into legal decision-making.
Co-Authors A. Nururrochman Hidayatulloh Aang Arifin Abdul Latif Abdullah, Kamarulnizam Abin Suarsa Adi Mursalin Adinda Rana Ahmad Ridwan Tentowi Aiman, Muhammad Ali Pirdaus Ali Zaenal Abidin Alias Azhar, Alias Andi Susilawaty Andri Kurniawan Andri Kurniawan Andri Nirwana AN Ani Heryani Ani Heryani Antono Damayanto B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bambang Irawan /E21207042 Budi Drajat Budiman Budi Sulistiyo Nugroho Budi Sulistiyo Nugroho Catur Budi Susilo Catur Budi Susilo, Catur Budi Deden Sumantry Dedy Hernawan Denny Trias Saputra Dhani Supriadi Dzulfiqar Rizqan Agistra Eka Yudistira, Dika Elli Ruslina Endang Fatmawati Ermiati Ermiati Febri Liantoni, Febri Guntur Putrajaya Hadi Priyono Hendriarto, Prasetyono Henny Saida Flora Herwantono, Herwantono Hidayatulloh, A. Nururrochman Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Huda Ibrahim Ibnu Kamurazaman Ibnu Shina, Km Ica Karina Ihat Subihat Imam Hanafi Imam Hanafi Imam Jayanto Indra Kertati Jeffry H. Sinaulan Judijanto, Loso Junianto, Pilifus Juniardi Swastria Kamarulnizam Abdullah Karman Karman Ken Sofya Arini Kholis Ernawati Kiki Amaliah Km Ibnu Shina Kusmiadi, Kusmiadi Leonardo Sari, Avid Lindawati Kartika Loso Judijanto LUCKY RACHMAWATI Lukman Ismail M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Maemunah Maemunah Maman Budiman Marjan Miharja Marsi Adi Purwadi Mas Try Washiludin Singapraja Manggala Md Nor, Mohd Zakhiri Md. Noor, Zakhiri Moh Amin Mohamad, Ani Munirah Mohd Syahrin Mohd. Kamarulnizam Abdullah Muhamad Stiadi Muhammad Nawir Mulyadi, Leni Wini Murdiati Trisnaningsih Musiafa, Zayid Natasha, Windy Nofirman, Nofirman Noor Rochman Noor Rochman Noor, Nadiya Salsabila Noor, Zakhiri Md Nor, Mohd Zakhiri Md Nugroho, Febriawan Ardi Ponirah Kartika Rahayu Prasetyono Hendriarto Prasetyono Hendriarto Purbaningsih, Yuli Putrì Mety Zalinda Rainier Hendrik Sitaniapessy Ram Al Jufri Ramli, Kaharuddin Ratih Kusumastuti Rendri Maulana Restuning Widiasih Rosa Tedjabuwana Rosa Tedjabuwana Saba, Irum Salam, Rahmat Sam'un Mukramin Sandra Novendra Saptayuda, Agusfian Sardjana Orba Manullang Satria, Erwinsyah Sayid Muhammad Rifqi Noval Septianita, Hesti Siti Sundari Sitti Asnaeni Sitti Nur Alam Sjahruddin, Herman Sugeng Prayitno Sujana, I Nyoman Sumadikara, T. Subarsyah Suryadi Suryadi Suwannit Chareen Chit Suyani Suyani Syam&#039;un Syam&#039;un Tamaulina Br Sembiring Tedjabuwana, Rosa Tisni Santika Turmantar, Firman TUTI RASTUTI Valda Zahira Sidqy Wawan Tripiawan Wicaksono, Muhammad Bagus Adi Yanti Hermayanti Yeti Rohayati Yogi Yogaswara Yuhaeni, Wiwi Yuli Purbaningsih Yulianti, Eka Budi Yunanda Salsabila Yusuf, Ali Anwar