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Journal : Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health

Unwanted Pregnancy and Maternal Mental Health Based on the WHO SRQ-20: A Meta-Analysis Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita; Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Yuliana, Roma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.04

Abstract

Background: The WHO (2019) reported that approximately 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women globally experience maternal mental health disorders. Several studies have identified unintended pregnancy as a contributing factor to these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze and estimate the association between unintended pregnancy and maternal mental health disorders (MHD), using studies that applied the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20).Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025634410). Article searches were conducted up to January 15, 2025, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords: “SRQ” AND (“mental health” OR “psychological well-being” OR “mental disorder”) AND (“unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy” OR “unplanned pregnancy”) AND (“mother” OR “maternal”). Inclusion criteria focused on observational studies using the WHO SRQ-20 to assess maternal mental health among women with unintended and intended pregnancies. Meta-analysis was performed using R Studio, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and funnel plots were generated to examine publication bias.Results: A total of 12 studies from Ethiopia, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Malawi, comprising 85,862 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12 studies with a total of 85,862 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The results showed that unintended pregnancy significantly increased the risk of maternal MHD. This finding was consistent in both cohort and cross-sectional studies, with effect sizes of (RR = 1.49; CI95%= 1.03 to 2.15; p= 0.030) and (aOR= 1.83; CI95%= 1.35 to 2.47; p < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between unintended pregnancy and MHD. Limitations include high heterogeneity among studies, potential publication bias, and the predominance of observational designs, which preclude causal inferences. Despite these limitations, the results underscore the need for interventions that prioritize the overall health of pregnant women.
Environmental Risk Factors and Hookworm Infection  among Schoolchildren in Rural Areas of Indonesia Sedionoto, Blego; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Anamnart, Witthaya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.02

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hookworm infection is a serious public health concern globally. Java Island and Kalimantan Island have differential environmental risk factors of hookworm infection, espe­cial­ly in rural areas of Indonesia, which have high-risk environmental factors for the prevalence of hook­worm infection. This study aimed to investigate the infection rates and correlation between environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm infection. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 226 school children from rural East Java province, Central Java Province, and East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A simple random sampling method was applied to select participants from each school area. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm infections. Environmental variables examined included soil texture, organic carbon content, clay content, soil pH, rainfall volume, number of rainy days, humidity, temperature, elevation, vegetation type, and pet infection status. Pearson's chi-square analysis was used to study the correlation between environmental factors and hookworm infection. Results: Hookworm, Strongyloides sp, and Ascaris sp infections were found in this study; 137 (60.63%), 25 (11.1%), and 124 (9.84%), respectively. Environmental risk factors such as rainy season, quality of soil, and infection with hookworm in pets have a significant correlation (p<0.050) with hookworm infection among schoolchildren in a rural area in Indonesia. Conclusion: The prevalence of hookworm infection correlates with environmental factors, and the findings in this research could contribute to decreasing the prevalence of hookworm infection, espe­cially among schoolchildren in rural areas.
Unwanted Pregnancy and Maternal Mental Health Based on the WHO SRQ-20: A Meta-Analysis Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita; Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf; Basrowi, Ray Wagiu; Yuliana, Roma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.04

Abstract

Background: The WHO (2019) reported that approximately 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women globally experience maternal mental health disorders. Several studies have identified unintended pregnancy as a contributing factor to these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze and estimate the association between unintended pregnancy and maternal mental health disorders (MHD), using studies that applied the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20).Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025634410). Article searches were conducted up to January 15, 2025, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords: “SRQ” AND (“mental health” OR “psychological well-being” OR “mental disorder”) AND (“unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy” OR “unplanned pregnancy”) AND (“mother” OR “maternal”). Inclusion criteria focused on observational studies using the WHO SRQ-20 to assess maternal mental health among women with unintended and intended pregnancies. Meta-analysis was performed using R Studio, with effect sizes reported as risk ratios (RR) or adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and funnel plots were generated to examine publication bias.Results: A total of 12 studies from Ethiopia, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Malawi, comprising 85,862 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12 studies with a total of 85,862 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The results showed that unintended pregnancy significantly increased the risk of maternal MHD. This finding was consistent in both cohort and cross-sectional studies, with effect sizes of (RR = 1.49; CI95%= 1.03 to 2.15; p= 0.030) and (aOR= 1.83; CI95%= 1.35 to 2.47; p < 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between unintended pregnancy and MHD. Limitations include high heterogeneity among studies, potential publication bias, and the predominance of observational designs, which preclude causal inferences. Despite these limitations, the results underscore the need for interventions that prioritize the overall health of pregnant women.
Co-Authors -, Ardyasih - Abrori, Abrori Adi Saputro, Endri Aditya, Mifta Adrianto, Ratno Agustina, Elvi Ahmad Zamani, Ahmad Al-Ayubi, Moch Thoriq Assegaf Anamnart, Witthaya Anasulfalah, Hakim Anjani, Aiko Nurrahma Anom Dwi Prakoso Aqsyari, Rizki Ardia Pramesti, Risa Ardiansyah, Andika Nicholas Iqbal Arfandi, Muh Amri Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arifah Chofsoh, Salma Arlina Azka Asrianti, Tanti Atmojo, Joko Tri Aulia, Hanifah Dina Auraldi Nansurya, Alga Ayu Anulus Aziz, Rusna Azizah Baiq Santi Rengganis Bakhtiar, Rahmat Baruni, Amandha Basrowi, Ray Wagiu Bekti Sayekti , Muna Bhisma Murti Blego Sedionoto, Blego Budi Rahardjo Budi Rahardjo Budi Utomo Cahyana, Yudi Jaya Dara Fitri Andrian Daryanto Daryanto Dewi Lieskusumastuti, Anita Dewi Puspito Sari Dewi Puspito Sari Dewi Puspito Sari, Dewi Puspito Dian setyaningsih Didik Tamtomo, Didik Dina Irawati Dodiet Aditya Setyawan Dwi Lestari Eri Pramuja, Wanda Ernawati, Heni Ester Kristian Pamurti Febri Susanti, Rinandita Gabriela Advitri Febriani Hanif, Ihsan Hanifah Dina Aulia Hanifah, Lilik Haryanti, Titik - Henda Ardiani, Intan Hendra Dwi Kurniawan, Hendra Dwi Herliani, Resda Hidayati, Anisa Husna, Gusti Nurul Ihdina Fityatal Hasanah, Yesi Iik Sartika Ika Yuli Ayuningrum Indah Wulandari, Dwi Indarto Indarto Insany, Vicca Yulia Intan Kurnia, Intan Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki Iriyani, Iriyani Ismail, Aem Iswahyuni, Sri Joko Triwibowo, Joko Joko Yulianto, Dwi K., Iriyani Karmadi, Karmadi Khansa Azizah, Fara Kuntari, Saras Kurniasih, Hefi Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika M Taufik Maharani, Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maratul Munawar, Siti Miranda Juandrina, Shella Mirsanti, Faradilla Mirshanti, Farahdila Mochamad Makin, Mochamad Mubarok, Ahmad Syauqi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhammad Zakki Saefurrohim Ningrum, Vallina Laurensia Indika Noerlita Ningrum, Andriani Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Novitasari, Meliana Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nuning Nuning Nur Fauziah, Ani Nur Rokhmatun, Puji Nurhayati, Isnani Nurrochim, Nurrochim Pakki, Irfan Baharuddin Pamowa, Agustina Simanangi Permata Fitrianisa, Salsayabila Pradana Putri, Anggie Pradana, Anggie Prasetya, Hanung Puji Lestari, Apriliani Puspitasary, Kiki Puspitasary, Kiky Rahayu, Anisa Rahma Widyaningrum, Nova Rasyid Ridha, Achmad Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Rejo, Rejo Reza Kurnia, Febria Risva Risva Riyan Ningsih Rohmi, Rohmi Roma Yuliana Ruqayyah, Siti S Siswanto Sabngatun, Sabngatun Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Sayekti Heni Sunaryanti, Sri Sekar Wijayanti , Nia Septiana, Lisa Setiawan Manurung, Budi Setyorini, Catur Sigit, Ratih Fianni Silitonga, Hesty Erika Sindi Wardani, Galuh Siswanto Siti Lutfiyah Ulfa Siti Maesaroh SITI MARIA ULFA Solly Aryza Sri Suparti Suci Susilastuti , Mustika Suciyati Suciyati, Suciyati Sudiro Sudiro Sumardiyono Sumardiyono Suryono Suryono Syauqi Mubarok, Ahmad Syawalia, Zheditya Ayu Titik Haryanti Tri Atmojo, Joko Tri Darmayanti, Aquartuti Tri Handayani, Rina Tri Yuniarti, Tri Utami, Dian Margi Verasita, Prissy Verry Asfirizal Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Widiyanto, Aris Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani, Ratih Yadi, Yadi Zainafree , Intan Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad