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All Journal Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Media Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi (Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science) Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Jurnal Riset Kimia Global Medical and Health Communication Pharmacon MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) Jurnal Biodjati ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia BIOEDUSCIENCE JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi (Trends in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences) Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS) Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Poltekita: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Riset Farmasi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Makara Journal of Science Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar Borneo Journal of Pharmacy al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Indonesian Journal of Jamu Jurnal Info Kesehatan Journal of Pharmascience
Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Bandung
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Other

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Discovery of Novel GLUT4 Inhibitors from Kawista (Limonia Acidissima L.) Bioactive Compounds Through in Silico Approaches M. Artabah Muchlisin; Engrid Juni Astuti; Aura Lintang Ayu Cahyani; Felia Rahma Cahya Andita; Nur Islami Vikri Abdillah; Aghnia Fuadatul Inayah; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) Volume 10 No. 1, March 2026: JRST
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/jrst.v10i1.28366

Abstract

GLUT4 (Glucose Transporter Type 4) is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in muscle and adipose tissues. Although inhibition of GLUT4 may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes, it represents a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer by limiting glucose uptake in cells reliant on aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect). Natural secondary metabolites are promising candidates for modulating GLUT4 activity. This study aimed to identify potential GLUT4 inhibitors from bioactive compounds of Limonia acidissima (kawista) using in silico approaches. Secondary metabolites of kawista were screened for ADMET properties and oral bioavailability. Molecular docking was performed against the cryo-EM structure of GLUT4 (PDB ID: 7WSM), followed by 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations for the top-ranked ligands. Structural stability was evaluated using RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration (Rg), and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). Binding free energies were calculated using the MM-PBSA method. Docking analysis showed that the native ligand cytochalasin B exhibited strong binding affinity (−9.13 kcal/mol, Ki 202.26 nM). Among 43 kawista metabolites, stigmasterol (−8.6 kcal/mol, Ki 494.04 nM) and lupeol (−7.91 kcal/mol, Ki 1.58 μM) demonstrated the most favorable binding affinities. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stable protein–ligand complexes, with RMSD values ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 Å. RMSF analysis indicated stable key binding residues (Gln298, Gln299, Asn304, Gly400, Trp428, and Asn427), except for Trp404, which showed higher fluctuation in the lupeol complex. Rg and SASA values remained relatively constant, indicating compact and stable complexes. MM-PBSA analysis confirmed that stigmasterol exhibited the most favorable binding free energy, closely comparable to cytochalasin B. These findings suggest that stigmasterol and lupeol from Limonia acidissima are promising GLUT4 inhibitors, with stigmasterol demonstrating the most stable interaction and favorable binding profile. This study highlights the potential of kawista-derived metabolites as lead compounds for further development of GLUT4-targeted anticancer agents.
Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Activities, Toxicity Profiles, and Prospects for New Drug Discovery from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Karamunting) Jajang Japar Sodik; Entris Sutrisno; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 5 (2026): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia (In Progress)
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v11i5.450

Abstract

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Karamunting) is an evergreen shrub of the Myrtaceae family traditionally used in South and Southeast Asia for treating diarrhea, dysentery, gynecological disorders, and wounds. Recent studies have identified diverse metabolites, especially triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and meroterpenoids, with rhodomyrtone as a key antibacterial compound. A review of 128 studies (2014–2024) shows that extracts and isolated compounds of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa exhibit strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Major bioactive compounds include rhodomyrtone, myricetin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and piceatannol. Acute toxicity tests indicate safety up to 3,000 mg/kg BW, though nanoformulations may increase toxicity. Novel mechanisms, such as membrane protein trapping and antibiofilm effects, suggest potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Despite gaps in long-term toxicity and clinical data, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa holds promise as a source of new therapeutic agents. Keywords: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa; Karamunting; Bioactive compounds; Pharmacological activities; Antimicrobial.
Studi Penambatan Molekuler Piperine sebagai Inhibitor Asetilkolinesterase (AChE) untuk Alzheimer Muhammad Fikri Hakiki; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 51 - 58
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24216

Abstract

Abstract. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment resulting from the degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains one of the principal therapeutic strategies to preserve acetylcholine levels in the synaptic cleft and alleviate disease symptoms. Piperine, the major alkaloid compound found in Piper nigrum L., has demonstrated neuroprotective properties and is considered a promising natural compound for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the binding potential of piperine toward AChE using a molecular docking approach. The three-dimensional structure of AChE (PDB ID: 2GYU) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank and prepared using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Docking protocol validation was carried out through a redocking procedure prior to molecular docking simulations performed with AutoDock Vina. The docking analysis revealed a binding affinity of –8.07 kcal/mol and an estimated inhibition constant (Ki) of 1.21 µM. Molecular interaction analysis indicated that piperine formed Carbon Hydrogen Bond, Pi-Donor Hydrogen Bond, Pi-Pi Stacked, Alkyl, and Pi-Alkyl interactions with amino acid residues located within the active site of AChE. These findings suggest that piperine exhibits favorable binding characteristics toward AChE and may serve as a potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Nevertheless, further investigations, including molecular dynamics simulations as well as in vitro and in vivo studies, are required to validate the stability of the ligand–protein complex and its biological activity. Abstrak. Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif progresif yang ditandai oleh penurunan fungsi kognitif akibat degenerasi neuron kolinergik. Salah satu pendekatan terapi yang banyak diterapkan untuk mengurangi gejala penyakit ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE), sehingga kadar asetilkolin di celah sinaps dapat dipertahankan. Piperin, senyawa alkaloid utama yang terdapat pada Piper nigrum L., diketahui memiliki aktivitas neuroprotektif dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat inhibitor AChE. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan piperin dalam berikatan dengan enzim AChE menggunakan pendekatan molecular docking. Struktur tiga dimensi protein target (PDB ID: 2GYU) diperoleh dari Protein Data Bank dan dipreparasi menggunakan BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Validasi metode dilakukan melalui proses redocking, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan simulasi docking menggunakan AutoDock Vina. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa piperin memiliki nilai binding affinity sebesar −8,07 kcal/mol dengan nilai inhibition constant (Ki) sebesar 1,21 µM. Analisis interaksi molekuler memperlihatkan terbentuknya interaksi Carbon Hydrogen Bond, Pi-Donor Hydrogen Bond, Pi-Pi Stacked, Alkyl, dan Pi-Alkyl dengan residu asam amino pada sisi aktif AChE. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa piperin mampu berikatan secara stabil dengan protein target dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat inhibitor asetilkolinesterase. Meskipun demikian, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan melalui simulasi molecular dynamics serta pengujian in vitro dan in vivo untuk mengonfirmasi kestabilan kompleks dan aktivitas biologisnya.
Molecular Docking Senyawa Xanthorrhizol sebagai Kandidat Antidiabetes Tipe 2 terhadap Target PTP1B Ismi Relivtintaeni; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 59 - 66
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24218

Abstract

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production or function. The development of natural product-based drug candidates has become one of the approaches that continues to be explored, including xanthorrhizol, which is known to possess various biological activities. This study aimed to analyze the potential of xanthorrhizol as an antidiabetic candidate through a molecular docking approach against the target receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with PDB ID 1XBO. The docking simulation was performed using AutoDock to determine the binding affinity value and interactions between the ligand and receptor. The results showed that xanthorrhizol exhibited a binding affinity value of -5.95 kcal/mol and was able to interact with the active site of the receptor through noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which contributed to the stabilization of the ligand-receptor complex. Based on these results, xanthorrhizol has potential as a candidate compound for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy and requires further investigation through biological evaluation. Abstrak. Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat gangguan produksi maupun kerja insulin. Pengembangan kandidat obat berbasis bahan alam menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang terus dikembangkan, salah satunya melalui senyawa xanthorrhizol yang diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi xanthorrhizol sebagai kandidat antidiabetes melalui pendekatan molecular docking terhadap reseptor target Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) dengan kode PDB 1XBO. Simulasi docking dilakukan menggunakan AutoDock untuk mengetahui nilai binding affinity serta interaksi antara ligan dan reseptor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xanthorrhizol memiliki nilai binding affinity sebesar −5,95 kcal/mol dan mampu berinteraksi dengan sisi aktif reseptor melalui interaksi nonkovalen berupa ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi hidrofobik yang berperan dalam menstabilkan kompleks ligan dengan reseptor. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, xanthorrhizol memiliki potensi sebagai kandidat senyawa antidiabetes tipe 2 yang dapat dikaji lebih lanjut melalui pengujian biologis.
Studi In Silico Profil ADMET Senyawa Aktif Tanaman Telang (Clitoria ternateae L.) Muhammad Algif Qolbun Salim; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Ibnu Dharsono Faizal
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 423 - 432
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25037

Abstract

Abstract. Clitoria ternatea L. is a medicinal plant containing various bioactive compounds with potential for drug development. This study aimed to evaluate the ADMET profile of Clitoria ternatea L. active compounds using an in silico approach. Active compounds were identified through the Knapsack database, and their chemical structures were analyzed using SwissADME to predict physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry parameters. Toxicity profiles were subsequently assessed using ProTox-II. The results indicated that most compounds exhibited favorable physicochemical characteristics, good gastrointestinal absorption, and acceptable drug-likeness profiles, suggesting their potential as oral drug candidates. Toxicity prediction showed that the selected compound had an LD50 value of 5000 mg/kg and belonged to toxicity class 5. It was predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, non-neurotoxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, non-immunotoxic, and non-cytotoxic, although a potential nephrotoxic effect was identified. These findings suggest that in silico analysis is a useful preliminary screening tool for identifying promising drug candidates from Clitoria ternatea L.; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm their efficacy and safety. Abstrak. Clitoria ternatea L. merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis profil ADMET senyawa aktif Clitoria ternatea L. menggunakan pendekatan in silico. Identifikasi senyawa dilakukan melalui basis data Knapsack, kemudian struktur senyawa dianalisis menggunakan SwissADME untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisikokimia, farmakokinetik, drug-likeness, dan medicinal chemistry. Selanjutnya, profil toksisitas diprediksi menggunakan ProTox-II. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar senyawa memiliki karakteristik fisikokimia yang mendukung pengembangan sebagai kandidat obat oral, dengan prediksi absorpsi gastrointestinal yang baik dan memenuhi parameter drug-likeness. Analisis toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang dipilih memiliki nilai LD50 sebesar 5000 mg/kg dan termasuk kelas toksisitas 5, serta tidak diprediksi bersifat hepatotoksik, neurotoksik, mutagenik, karsinogenik, imunotoksik, maupun sitotoksik, meskipun terdapat potensi nefrotoksisitas yang memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan in silico dapat digunakan sebagai metode penyaringan awal dalam mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif tanaman telang yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat, namun tetap memerlukan validasi melalui pengujian in vitro dan in vivo.
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Enzim Bromelin Dari Buah dan Kulit Nanas Faisal Anwar; Farendina Suarantika; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 483 - 490
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25137

Abstract

Abstract. Bromelin is a proteolytic enzyme that is naturally found in pineapple plants. (Ananas comosusand has biological activity, one of which is as an antioxidant. The use of pineapple is still focused on the fruit part, while pineapple peel is often considered waste, even though it still has the potential to be a source of bromelain enzymes. This study aims to extract and identify bromelin enzymes from pineapple fruits and peels using the table salt precipitation (NaCl) method with concentration variations of 30%, 35%, and 40% followed by dialysis process, as well as conducting protein qualitative tests using the Lowry method. The extraction process begins with sample refinement, filtration, addition of pH 7 phosphate buffer, and protein deposition using salt, then purification through dialysis. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained at a concentration of 40% NaCl, which was 0.4799% for pineapple and 0.0784% for pineapple peel. The Lowry method protein qualitative test showed positive results with the formation of blue to greenish-blue color, which indicates the presence of protein content in bromelain extract. Thus, both the fruit and the pineapple peel have been proven to be a source of the bromelain enzyme, so pineapple peel waste has the potential to be further utilized in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields.   Abstrak. Bromelin adalah enzim proteolitik yang secara alami terdapat pada tanaman nanas. (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) dan memiliki aktivitas biologis, salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Pemanfaatan nanas masih terfokus pada bagian buah, sementara kulit nanas sering dianggap sebagai limbah, padahal masih berpotensi sebagai sumber enzim bromelin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi dan mengindentifikasi enzim bromelin dari buah dan kulit nanas menggunakan metode presipitasi garam dapur (NaCl) dengan variasi konsentrasi 30%, 35%, dan 40% yang dilanjutkan dengan proses dialisis, serta melakukan uji kualitatif protein menggunakan metode Lowry. Proses ekstraksi diawali dengan penghalusan sampel, penyaringan, penambahan buffer fosfat pH 7, dan pengendapan protein menggunakan garam, kemudian dilakukan pemurnian melalui dialisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 40%, yaitu sebesar 0,4799% untuk buah nanas dan 0,0784% untuk kulit nanas. Uji kualitatif protein metode Lowry menunjukkan hasil positif dengan terbentuknya warna biru hingga biru kehijauan, yang menandakan adanya kandungan protein dalam ekstrak bromelin. Dengan demikian, baik buah maupun kulit nanas terbukti dapat menjadi sumber enzim bromelin, sehingga limbah kulit nanas memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang farmasi dan bioteknologi.  
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Enzim Bromelin dari Bonggol dan Mahkota Nanas Luthfi Maulana Firmasnyah; Farendina Suarantika; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 685 - 692
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25490

Abstract

Abstract. Bromelin enzyme is a protease enzyme contained in the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) and has various benefits in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Pineapple humps and crowns are agricultural waste that still has the potential to be a source of bromelin so that it can be used to increase the added value of organic waste. This study aims to extract bromelin enzymes from pineapple humps and crowns using the NaCl salt precipitation method followed by dialysis and qualitatively identify the protein content using the Lowry method. The results showed that the highest yield of hump extract was obtained at a concentration of NaCl of 35% of 0.577%, while the highest yield of crown extract was obtained at a concentration of NaCl of 30% of 0.054%. The qualitative test of the Lowry method showed positive results on the entire extract with NaCl concentrations of 30%, 35%, and 40%, which was characterized by a change in the color of the solution to blue after incubation for 30 minutes. These results confirm the presence of protein content in bromelin extract from pineapple humps and crowns. Based on the results of the study, both parts of the pineapple plant have the potential to be used as a source of bromelin enzymes and increase the added value of agricultural waste. Abstrak. Enzim bromelin merupakan enzim protease yang terkandung dalam tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) dan memiliki berbagai manfaat di bidang pangan, farmasi, dan bioteknologi. Bonggol dan mahkota nanas merupakan limbah pertanian yang masih berpotensi sebagai sumber bromelin sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekstraksi enzim bromelin dari bonggol dan mahkota nanas menggunakan metode presipitasi garam NaCl yang dilanjutkan dengan dialisis serta mengidentifikasi kandungan protein secara kualitatif menggunakan metode Lowry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi ekstrak bonggol diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 35% sebesar 0,577%, sedangkan rendemen tertinggi ekstrak mahkota diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 30% sebesar 0,054%. Uji kualitatif metode Lowry menunjukkan hasil positif pada seluruh ekstrak dengan konsentrasi NaCl 30%, 35%, dan 40% yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna larutan menjadi biru setelah inkubasi selama 30 menit. Hasil tersebut mengonfirmasi adanya kandungan protein pada ekstrak bromelin dari bonggol dan mahkota nanas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kedua bagian tanaman nanas berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber enzim bromelin dan meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah pertanian.
Studi In Silico Profil ADME dan Drug-Likeness Senyawa Bioaktif Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) terhadap Potensi Terapi Alzheimer Muhamad Inzaghi Divi Wijaya; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Ibnu Dharsono Faizal
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 737 - 744
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25682

Abstract

Abstract. Alzheimer’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder involving several pathological mechanisms, including β-amyloid accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired signal transduction. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) contains bioactive compounds that are considered to have neuroprotective potential. This study aimed to analyze the potential of active compounds from Centella asiatica against Alzheimer’s disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Compound data were collected from KNApSAcK, IMPPAT, and NPASS databases, followed by analysis using PubChem, SwissADME, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, STRING, Cytoscape, CytoHubba, and molecular docking. A total of 160 bioactive compounds were obtained, and 31 compounds met the criteria for drug-likeness, bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier permeability. Target prediction of selected compounds identified 528 proteins, while Alzheimer’s disease-related targets from GeneCards consisted of 15,256 proteins, resulting in 431 overlapping targets. Further analysis identified PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, JAK2, and PTPN11 as the main protein targets. Molecular docking results showed that Mol29, namely Phaseollinisoflavan, had the best affinity toward PTPN11 with a binding affinity value of -9,13 kcal/mol. These results suggest that Centella asiatica has potential as an Alzheimer’s disease therapy candidate through multitarget and multipathway mechanisms based on in silico analysis. Abstrak. Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif kompleks yang melibatkan berbagai mekanisme patologis, seperti akumulasi β-amiloid, hiperfosforilasi tau, stres oksidatif, neuroinflamasi, apoptosis neuron, dan gangguan transduksi sinyal. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) diketahui memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi memberikan aktivitas neuroprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi senyawa aktif Centella asiatica terhadap penyakit Alzheimer menggunakan pendekatan network pharmacology dan molecular docking. Data senyawa diperoleh dari basis data KNApSAcK, IMPPAT, dan NPASS, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan PubChem, SwissADME, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, STRING, Cytoscape, CytoHubba, dan molecular docking. Hasil pengumpulan data memperoleh 160 senyawa bioaktif, dengan 31 senyawa yang memenuhi kriteria drug-likeness, bioavailabilitas, dan kemampuan menembus blood-brain barrier. Prediksi target senyawa menghasilkan 528 protein, sedangkan target Alzheimer dari GeneCards memperoleh 15.256 protein, dengan 431 protein irisan. Analisis lebih lanjut mengidentifikasi PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, JAK2, dan PTPN11 sebagai target utama. Hasil molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa Mol29, yaitu Phaseollinisoflavan, memiliki afinitas terbaik terhadap PTPN11 dengan nilai binding affinity -9,13 kcal/mol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Centella asiatica berpotensi sebagai kandidat terapi Alzheimer melalui mekanisme multitarget dan multipathway secara in silico.
Karakterisasi dan Skrining Fitokimia Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Khansha Putri Amaturrofy; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 861 - 868
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25947

Abstract

Abstract. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) are a plant source rich in secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the quality of the crude drugs through characterization and to identify classes of secondary metabolites in both the crude drugs and the extract using phytochemical screening. Crude drugs characterization included total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive content, ethanol-soluble extractive content, moisture content, and loss on drying. Phytochemical screening was performed on the crude drugs and extract to identify classes of compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The results indicated that all parameters met the quality standard requirements set by the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Phytochemical screening of the crude drugs revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were identified in the extract. These findings demonstrate that characterization and phytochemical screening provide valuable information regarding the quality and secondary metabolite profiles of Moringa leaf crude drugs and extracts, which can serve as a basis for the standardization of raw materials. Abstrak. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang kaya akan metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan mutu simplisia dengan karakterisasi dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada simplisia dan ekstrak dengan skrining fitokimia. Karakterisasi simplisia meliputi kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air, kadar sari larut etanol, kadar air, dan susut pengeringan. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap simplisia dan ekstrak untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, dan saponin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter memenuhi persyaratan standar mutu yang mengacu pada Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada simplisia menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, dan saponin, sedangkan pada ekstrak teridentifikasi golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia mampu memberikan informasi mengenai mutu serta profil metabolit sekunder simplisia dan ekstrak daun kelor yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar standardisasi bahan baku.
Identifikasi Hesperidin dan Skrining Lipid untuk Formulasi Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Erlin Julian Navisyah; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Aulia Fikri Hidayat
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 897 - 904
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26051

Abstract

Abstract. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside belonging to the flavonoid group with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its application is limited by its poor water solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. One approach to overcome this limitation is the formulation of a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). This study aimed to identify hesperidin as the active compound and to perform lipid screening in order to determine the most suitable lipid combination as the matrix for NLC formulation. The study employed an experimental method. Hesperidin was identified through organoleptic evaluation based on its physical appearance, color, and odor. Lipid screening was carried out using various combinations of solid and liquid lipids by observing the solubility of hesperidin and the homogeneity of the lipid mixtures. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively. The identification results showed that hesperidin was a pale yellow to cream-colored crystalline powder with no odor. The lipid screening results demonstrated that the combination of Gelucire® 44/14 as the solid lipid and oleic acid as the liquid lipid produced a homogeneous mixture with good hesperidin solubilization capacity, making it the selected lipid matrix for NLC formulation. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting lipid components in the development of an NLC-based delivery system for hesperidin. Abstrak. Hesperidin merupakan senyawa flavonoid golongan flavanon glikosida yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi, namun pemanfaatannya dibatasi oleh kelarutan yang rendah dalam air sehingga bioavailabilitasnya kurang optimal. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan penghantaran hesperidin adalah melalui formulasi Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hesperidin sebagai bahan aktif serta melakukan skrining lipid untuk menentukan kombinasi lipid yang sesuai sebagai matriks formulasi NLC. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental. Identifikasi hesperidin dilakukan secara organoleptik berdasarkan bentuk, warna, dan bau, sedangkan skrining lipid dilakukan terhadap kombinasi lipid padat dan lipid cair dengan mengamati kemampuan pelarutan hesperidin serta homogenitas campuran lipid. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa hesperidin memiliki karakteristik berupa serbuk kristalin berwarna kuning pucat hingga krem tidak berbau. Hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Gelucire® 44/14 sebagai lipid padat dan asam oleat sebagai lipid cair menghasilkan campuran yang homogen dan memiliki kemampuan melarutkan hesperidin dengan baik sehingga dipilih sebagai dasar formulasi NLC. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar dalam pemilihan bahan penyusun NLC untuk pengembangan sistem penghantaran hesperidin.
Co-Authors Abriel shafar Faiza Achmad Ramadhanna’il Rasjava Achsendo Yuniarta, Tegar Adryan Fristiohady Aghnia Fuadatul Inayah Aisya Rahma Fatimah Akbar, Nabila Hadiah Akmal Syihabuddin Aksar, M Aldhiya Nurshafa Huwaida Alivia Dyanira Anggi Arumsari Annisa Fitriyani Suryana Annisa Meilani Annisa Meilani Annisa Rahmah Furqaani Arfan Arfan Arief, Imtiyaz Izdihar Arini Nabila Putri Asikin, Asyhari Aulia Fikri Hidayat Aulia Rhamadani Arfan Aulia Rhamdani Arfan Aura Lintang Ayu Cahyani Az-zahra, Dhea Khairunnisa Bambang Tri Laksono Bertha Rusdi Budi P Soewondo Budi Prabowo Soewondo Budiana, Wempi Buih, Putri Helena Junjung Candra Hermawan Choesrina, Ratu Dadang Juanda Dewi, Mentari Luthfika Dewi, Mentari Luthfika Diar Herawati Dina Mulyanti Dina Mulyanti Dita Anggun Novianta Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani Eky Syahroni Engrid Juni Astuti Entris Sutrisno Erlin Julian Navisyah Faisal Anwar Faizal, Ibnu Dharsono Fajarwati, Kania Faqih Radina Farendina Suarantika Felia Rahma Cahya Andita Fetri Lestari Fetri Lestari Firda Aulia Jannati Firliani Dwiputri Fitrianti Darusman Galand Febrial Akbar Gina Fuji Nurfarida Gita Cahya Eka Darma Hakim, Supartina Hamdan Ramdani Hanifa Rahma Hilal Faturohman Hilda Aprilia, Hilda Ibnu Dharsono Faizal Imtiyaz Izdihar Arief Indraswari, Ni Luh Astri Ingka Mardiana Putri Ismet Muchtar Nur Ismi Relivtintaeni Jajang Japar Sodik Jilan Salsabila Auliya Putri Julia Hartati Khansha Putri Amaturrofy Khoirunnisa Muslimawati Khoirunnisa Muslimawati Latifa Hana Silfadani Lina Jamilah Liza Dzulhijjah Luthfi Maulana Firmasnyah M. Artabah Muchlisin Mardiana, Neng Dian Marillia, Viola Meike Rachmawati Mentari Luthfika Dewi Mentari Luthfika Dewi Meta Maulida Damayanti Muhamad Akbar Dirgana Muhamad Inzaghi Divi Wijaya Muhammad Algif Qolbun Salim Muhammad Fikri Hakiki Muhammad Fillah Nabila Hadiah Akbar Nabila Shofura Mahardhika Nadhifah Mauludia Rinaldie Nandhy Agustian Luca Pratama Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo Putri Nazhipah Isnani Nisa Neli Aunillah Nisa Qotrunida Afwa Nur Islami Vikri Abdillah Nurfadillah Hazar Nurisyah, Nurisyah Nuzulfikri, Rizki Prayitno, Robby Putra, Aditya Maulana Perdana Putri, Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo R. Rusli Radina, Faqih Ratih Aryani, Ratih Ratu Choesrina Resty Imfyani Sofyan Ridwan Wijaya RISA NURRAHWANI Rizki Nuzulfikri rizkita, aden Rizkita, Aden Dhana Robby Prayitno Robby Prayitno Rohayah Rohayah Rusli Rusli Safira Qamarani Salsabilla Wijaya Sani Ega Priani Sari, Ajeng Kartika Sellygani Budi Vaelani Sintia Ayu Dewi Sintya Suherlan Siti Ainun Rohaniah Siti Hardianti Siti Nurlita Permana Sonia alivia putri Sulthan Waliid Anggara Wisesa Syabihah, Haura Syafnir, Livia Syahrizal Nazala Syahroni, Eky Sylvie Kurniasih Tanisa Maghfira Syarza Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Asandra Ghifari Teti Sofia Yanti Thias Najminuri Tita Barriah Siddiq Trully Nouval Larasati Vinda Maharani Patricia Viola Marillia Vivi Amalia Dwi Pratiwi Wijaya, Salsabilla Wisnuwardhani, Hilda Aprilia