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All Journal Buletin Peternakan Biotropika Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIOMA : Jurnal Biologi Makassar Jurnal Biodjati Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) BIOEDUSCIENCE Jurnal Biologi Tropis Justek : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Biosel: Biologi Science and Education Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA Biota BIO-EDU: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Jurnal Abdidas Koordinat : Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika dan Sains Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Media Eksakta Journal Evaluation in Education (JEE) AGRI-TEK : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Eksakta Interdisciplinary International Journal of Conservation and Culture Otus Education Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi Journal of Biology Science and Education
Manap Trianto
Universitas Tadulako
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Butterfly Species (Lepidoptera) in Forest Area of Namo Village, Kulawi District, Sigi Regency Uzaini Nur Rahma; Bustamin Bustamin; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Raya Agni; Abd Rauf
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.499-504

Abstract

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) are one of the insect groups that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance, particularly as pollinators of various flowering plants and as indicators of environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify and describe butterfly species (order: Lepidoptera) found in the forest area of Namo Village, Kulawi District, Sigi Regency. The research employed a descriptive method with an exploratory (survey) technique. Sampling was conducted at three different observation stations. Field data were collected over three days, with two sampling periods per day, from 07:00 to 11:00 and 14:00 to 17:00 local time (WITA). Samples were collected using insect nets and subsequently identified based on morphological characteristics. The results of the study revealed 27 butterfly species belonging to four major families. These families are Nymphalidae (17 species), Papilionidae (6 species), Pieridae (3 species), and Lycaenidae (1 species). The diversity analysis indicated that the family Nymphalidae had the highest number of species. Environmental factors, such as the abundance of host plants in the genus Lantana and host plants of the genus Mangivera, as well as abiotic conditions including an average temperature of 27°C, humidity of 70.33%, and light intensity of 786 cd, were strongly suspected to support the high variation in butterfly species.
Identification of Food Sources of Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 Based on Pollen Analysis Moh Syahrial Farawansyah; Lestari MP Alibasyah; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Yulia Windarsih; Amalia Buntu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.723-730

Abstract

Apis cerana commonly known as the “Asian honey bee,” has been utilized for thousands of years across Asia, its native region, for honey production and pollination services. This species is often described as the closest “twin” of its European/African sister species, A. mellifera. This study aimed to identify plant species serving as pollen food sources for the honey bee A. cerana based on pollen morphological analysis. The research was conducted using a descriptive exploratory approach in Jononunu Village, Parigi Tengah District, Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pollen samples were collected from worker bees during foraging activities and subsequently analyzed through acetolysis and microscopic examination in the laboratory. Pollen identification was based on morphological characteristics, including exine ornamentation, aperture type, and pollen size.The results showed that A. cerana utilized pollen sources from 14 plant species belonging to 12 families, indicating a high diversity of forage resources. The identified pollen morphological characteristics comprised four types of exine ornamentation, six aperture types, and pollen sizes ranging from very small to large, with small- to medium-sized pollen being dominant. Tricolporate aperture types and psilate ornamentation were the most frequently observed characteristics. Based on plant growth form, pollen sources were predominantly derived from tree species, followed by herbs, while shrubs and bushes contributed less. These findings provide important baseline information for melissopalynological studies and may serve as a reference for the management and conservation of A. cerana and its forage plants.
Foraging Activity and Potential Forage Plant Resources Surrounding the Nests of Tetragonula laeviceps Ni Kadek Deladarmi Yanti; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Fatmah Dhafir; Yulia Windarsih; Mursito S Bialangi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.853-859

Abstract

Stingless bees are highly social insects that live in well-organized colonies characterized by a clear division of labor among individuals, including workers, queens, and males. These bees play an important ecological role as pollinators in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. One of the most commonly encountered stingless bee species in Indonesia is Tetragonula laeviceps, which is widely distributed and well adapted to various environmental conditions. T. laeviceps relies on flight activity to forage for nectar and pollen from flowering plants located around its nest. Plants that produce nectar, pollen, and resin, which are further processed into honey and propolis, serve as essential food and material resources for sustaining stingless bee colonies. This study aimed to examine the foraging activity patterns of T. laeviceps and to identify potential forage plant resources surrounding its nest. The research employed a descriptive exploratory design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Observations were conducted to record the daily flight activity of bees leaving the nest, returning with pollen, and returning without pollen, as well as to identify plant species that potentially serve as forage sources. The results showed that peak foraging activity occurred between 08:00 and 09:00 WITA, indicated by a high number of bees exiting the nest and returning with or without pollen. Foraging activity gradually declined toward the late afternoon, particularly between 16:00 and 17:00 WITA. This pattern reflects the daily rhythm of stingless bees, which includes an orientation and exploration phase in the morning, an exploitation phase during midday, and a gradual cessation of activity in the late afternoon. Observations of forage resources around the nests of T. laeviceps recorded a total of 13 plant species. Among these, seven species produced both nectar and pollen, three species produced only nectar, and three species produced only pollen. The diversity of forage plants indicates that the environment surrounding the nest provides sufficient and sustainable nutritional resources to support the growth and stability of the T. laeviceps colony.
Abundance and Distribution of Millipedes (Diplopoda) in Wera Nature Recreation Park Rifana Lemba; Syech Zainal; Rafiqa Rafiqa; Fatmah Dhafir; Masrianih Masrianih; Manap Trianto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.597-603

Abstract

Millipedes (Diplopoda) play an important role in forest ecosystems, particularly in the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients, thereby contributing to soil fertility and ecosystem stability. This study aimed to determine the abundance and distribution patterns of millipedes (Diplopoda) in Wera Nature Recreation Park, Balumpewa Village, West Dolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was designed as a quantitative descriptive study. Sampling was carried out using an exploratory survey method combined with hand collection techniques at three observation stations. These stations were selected using purposive sampling based on differences in environmental characteristics and habitat conditions. Data collection was conducted in three repetitions at two-week intervals to obtain representative data on millipede communities. In addition to species collection, measurements of physical environmental parameters were also performed, including light intensity, soil pH, air temperature, and humidity, as these factors are known to influence the presence and distribution of soil macrofauna. The results showed that six millipede species were recorded, belonging to three orders and three families. The average environmental conditions at the study site included a light intensity of 722.2 lux, soil pH of 6.8, temperature of 28.2°C, and humidity of 76.7%. These conditions indicate a habitat that is relatively less optimal for millipede populations. The species abundance index was classified as low, suggesting limited population sizes within the study area. However, the Relative Abundance Index (RAI) revealed variation among species, with two species categorized as having high relative abundance, one species moderate, and three species low. Analysis using Morisita’s Index and the Standardized Morisita Index (Ip) demonstrated that all recorded species exhibited a clumped distribution pattern. This distribution suggests that millipedes tend to concentrate in specific microhabitats that provide suitable moisture, shelter, and food resources. Overall, the findings indicate that unstable environmental conditions may restrict millipede distribution, causing them to utilize only particular microhabitats that meet their ecological requirements.
Plant Lice Species (Suborder: Sternorrhyncha) on Ornamental Plants in Kampal Village and Surrounding Areas Delia Nurhaliza; Masrianih Masrianih; Manap Trianto; Amalia Buntu; Yulia Windarsih; Lestari MP Alibasyah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.505-512

Abstract

Plant lice (Suborder: Sternorrhyncha) are important pests of ornamental plants, capable of causing physical damage and transmitting plant pathogens. These insects pose a significant threat as they can reduce growth, impair physiological functions, and even cause plant death. Their feeding activity affects leaves, stems, and flowers, thereby reducing overall plant health and aesthetic value. Understanding the diversity and host associations of these pests is essential for effective management. This study aimed to identify the species of Sternorrhyncha plant lice present on ornamental plants in Kampal Village, Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using purposive sampling to collect specimens from different plant parts, including shoots, leaves, flowers, and stems. Observations were recorded and analyzed to determine species composition, host range, and infestation patterns. A total of 25 ornamental plant species belonging to 16 families were observed as host plants. Some plant families, such as Euphorbiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rubiaceae, Palmae, Rutaceae, Araceae, and Agavaceae, were infested by more than one plant louse family, while individual plant species could host multiple louse families simultaneously. Seventeen Sternorrhyncha species were identified, distributed across seven families: Pseudococcidae (6 species), Coccidae (3), Diaspididae (2), Aphididae (2), Margarodidae (2), and Aleyrodidae and Ortheziidae (1 species each). These results provide baseline data on the diversity and distribution of Sternorrhyncha plant lice in Kampal Village. Such information is critical for developing targeted pest management strategies to protect ornamental plants and maintain their health and aesthetic value in residential and cultivated areas.
Population Estimation and Habitat Characteristics of Anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi Dirham Dirham; Ongky Ongky; Manap Trianto; Yunita Messe
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.731-738

Abstract

The anoa is a dwarf buffalo endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and several surrounding offshore islands. Despite its relatively small body size compared to other wild cattle, it is the largest wild terrestrial mammal native to Sulawesi. This study aims to estimate the population size and density of the anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi, and to analyze the habitat characteristics that influence its distribution and occurrence. This project began with an information survey conducted from 8–15 June 2024 involving nature enthusiast groups (university student nature clubs) and local communities regarding the presence of the anoa on Mount Kondoruang. Data collection was carried out from 17–28 August 2024. Mount Kondoruang, also known as Kandela in Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mount Kondoruang has an elevation of 2,870 meters above sea level and features diverse topography, ranging from hilly areas to mountainous terrain with slopes exceeding 15°, and is therefore designated as a Protected Forest area. The ecosystem types of Mount Kondoruang include savanna, lowland forest, lower montane forest, and upper montane forest. Mount Kondoruang remains an important habitat for the anoa, with individuals predominantly found in sub-montane forests. Habitat characteristics, particularly vegetation structure, elevation, temperature, and humidity, strongly influence its distribution. The limited population size and low juvenile detection indicate potential vulnerability, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and strengthened conservation efforts to ensure the species’ long-term survival.
Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) Gene in Apis cerana from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Akram Akram; Yulia Windarsih; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.39-44

Abstract

Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, supporting a wide range of pollinating insects, including honey bee species of the genus Apis. Among these, Apis cerana is the most widely managed species and contributes significantly to national honey production, particularly in Sulawesi. However, the increasing economic value of honey has led to frequent cases of entomological origin fraud, in which honey is falsely labeled as being produced by a different bee species. This study aimed to determine the entomological origin of honey sold in Central Sulawesi using the Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) gene as a molecular marker. Seven honey samples claimed as “forest honey” were analyzed through DNA extraction, PCR amplification using species-specific primers (CF-CR), and sequencing followed by BLAST-n analysis. All samples yielded high-quality DNA with purity ratios appropriate for PCR amplification. PCR successfully amplified the mrjp2 gene, producing fragments of approximately 201-208 bp, consistent with the expected size for A. cerana. Sequence analysis showed percent identity values ranging from 99.20% to 100% when compared with reference sequences of A. cerana. Based on molecular verification, three samples (H3, H5, and H7) did not match the seller’s claims and were confirmed to originate from A. cerana rather than A. dorsata binghami. These findings demonstrate that sequencing of the mrjp2 gene is an effective and reliable approach to authenticate the entomological origin of honey and to detect fraudulent labeling in commercial honey products.
Effects of Red Coconut Tembuluk (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) Extract on Uric Acid Level Reduction in Mice (Mus musculus) Sukmawati Sukmawati; Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati; Manap Trianto; Masrianih Masrianih; Fatmah Dhafir; I Nengah Kundera
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.693-698

Abstract

Increased levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to metabolic disorders such as gouty arthritis, which require effective management. This study aimed to determine the effect of red coconut tembuluk extract (Cocos nucifera var. rubescens) on reducing uric acid levels in mice (Mus musculus). The study employed an experimental research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A total of 28 mice were used, divided into seven groups with four replications each. The groups consisted of a normal control group (KN), which received food and water ad libitum; a negative control group (K+); a positive control group (K-); and four treatment groups (PI, PII, PIII, and PIV). The negative control group (K+), positive control group (K-), and all treatment groups were induced with lard oil for 14 days to increase uric acid levels. The positive control group (K?) was treated with allopurinol at a dose of 0.026 mg per 20 g body weight. The normal control (KN) and negative control (K+) groups received food and water ad libitum without extract administration. Treatment group PI received 10% red coconut tembuluk extract, PII received 20%, PIII received 40%, and PIV received 80%. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that administration of red coconut tembuluk extract significantly reduced uric acid levels in mice induced with lard oil. The most effective concentration in reducing uric acid levels was 80% (PIV), with an average uric acid level of 5.4 mg/dL.
Co-Authors Abd Rauf Abd Rauf Abd. Rauf Abdul Ashari Abdul Hakim Laenggeng Abia, Hikma Achmad Ramadhan Achmad Ramadhan Agung Dwi Kurniawan Ahmad Ramadhan Akram Akram Alimudin, Sukmawati Amalia Buntu Amelia A Riuh Amiruddin Kasim Andi Nurjannah Anisa Anisa Aprilya, Dinda Ari Pratama Artha, Fandy Ashari, Abdul Asmara, Dudun Candra Asriani Hasanuddin Astija Bahana Aditya Adnan Baharuddin Hamzah Biung, Yelsan Kanan Burhanuddin, Alga Patricia Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Bustamin Carolus Noprianto Carolus Noprianto Daratul Maulydiia Delia Nurhaliza Delima, Nur Devi Devi Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham Dirham, Dirham EFENDI Efendi Efendi Efendi Fajri Marisa Fajri Marisa Fajri Marisa Fajri Marisa Faried, Dirham Fariza, Ifat Fatma Dhafir Fatmah Dhafir Febriawan, Aan Hamsa, Hamsa Hari Purwanto Hari Purwanto Hartina, Siti Hayyatun Mawaddah Herjayanti, Nur Herlangga Adiputra Hidyanisa, Dhea Hj. Musdalifah Nurdin I Ketut Suada I Made Budiarsa I Nengah Kundera Idham Cholik Ramadhan Isnainar Isnainar Isninar, Isnainar Ivan Permana Putra Jihan Winarti Kaini, Kaini Kaltisa, Kaltisa Khaerunnisa Kusumaningati, Lilis Tri Laksono Trisnantoro Lembah, Rocky Reviko T. Lestari M.P Alibasyah Lestari MP Alibasyah M. Abimanyu Marisa, Fajri Masriani . Masrianih Masrianih Masrianih Moh Dahri Kisman Moh Dahri Kisman Moh Dahri Kisman Moh Dahri Kisman Moh Syahrial Farawansyah Moh. Dahri Kisman Mohammad Jamhari Mursito S Bialangi Mursito S. Bialangi Mursito S. Bialangi Musdalifah Nurdin Ni Gusti Ayu Galuh Candra Kirana Ni Kadek Deladarmi Yanti Ni Putu Siswandari Ningsi, Ririn Apriani Noprianto, Carolus Novalina Serdiati Novi, Winda Cinthia NOVITASARI Nur Alam Nur Herjayanti Nur Herjayanti Nur Hikmah Nur'aini Nur'aini Nuraini Nuraini Nuraini Nuraini Nuraini Nuraini Nuraini Trianto Nurfadila A, Nurfadila A Nurfadilah Rahma Ongky Ongky Pratama, Rizaldy Pratama, Sandi Fransisco Puspitasari, Amira Putri, Regina Triana Rafiqa Rafiqa RAFIQA RAFIQA, RAFIQA Rahayu, Irma Septi Raya Agni Rifana Lemba Ritman Ishak Paudi Rizaldy Pratama Rizkia Khairunnisa Rocky Reviko T. Lembah Rocky RT Lembah Rosichon Ubaidillah Sabran , Moh. Saliyem, Saliyem Samsurizal, M. Sulaeman Saridewi, Uut Sitti Nur Fadhilah Sitti Nuryanti Sri Hardianti sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Sukmawati Suprianto Sutrisnawati Mardin Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati Syech Zainal Syech Zainal Tiktiek Kurniawati Trianto, Nuraini Tuty Arisuryanti Uzaini Nur Rahma Varsha Salsabillah Vita Indri Febriani Wahyudi Wahyudi Warsih, Eko Winarsih Winarsih Windarsih, Yulia Yunita Messe Zasmita, Eka Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti