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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Jurnal Ilmu dan Kesehatan Hewan METAMORFOSA Journal of Biological Sciences Buletin Udayana Mengabdi INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Jurnal Veteriner Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Jurnal Biologi Udayana Bumi Lestari Medical Journal of Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner Journal of Global Pharma Technology Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Neurona Jurnal Medika Veterinaria
I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Veterinary

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Journal : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

 1 
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF RESISTANCE ANTIRETROVIRAL MARKERS AND POLYMORPHISMS OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 SUBTYPE CRF01-AE PROTEASE GENE IN NAÏVE AND TREATMENT FAILURE PATIENTS IN BALI Sri Budiyanti, N.; Suata, I K.; Merati, K. T. P.; Mahardika, I G.N.K.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 6, No. 1 Januari 2012
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Application of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has proven to reduce mortality rates and prolong life expectancy. On the other hand, the use of antiretroviral drugs has incited the emergence of HIVDR. The resistance is due to mutation at genes associated with drug resistance. Nowadays, the determination of resistance markers mutations are based on HIV-1 subtype B. However, the majority of HIV in Indonesia, particularly in Bali are of subtype CRF01_AE. Genetic variation between HIV viruses has led to variations in subtypes; therefore, resistance markers of subtype B could be polymorphisms of non-B subtypes. This study aims to determine the number and types of the resistance markers mutations and polymorphisms that occur on the PR gene of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE of naïve and treatment failure patients in Bali. This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study, conducted at two VCT clinics in Denpasar, during the period of April 2010 until October 2011. Samples consist of 18 HIV patients with treatment failure and 30 naïve HIV patients. Mutations were evaluated using PCR, sequenced and aligned were carried out using MEGA4. Interpretations of the mutations were made based on the Stanford HIV database. Hypothesis tests used were Mann-Whitney because of abnormal distribution of data. Hypothesis was accepted if the significant level p<0.05. This study found that of the demographic data, only the predisposing factors of the two groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Two patients with treatment failure and 5 naïve patients were found to have L10LV/I mutations. Only one patient with treatment failure had the I54FI mutation. No major mutations were found among the two study groups. The number and types of minor mutations were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the naïve group and treatment failure group. M36I and H69K polymorphisms of the PR gene were found in all the study samples. In conclusion of this study, two types of major mutations were found, L10LV/I and I54FI. The number and types of the resistance markers mutations towards the protease inhibitor (PI) group were not significantly different between the two study groups. M36I, H69K mutations of the PR gene are markers of polymorphisms of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE.
Co-Authors Agik Suprayogi Agus Eka Darwinata Amelia, Ni Kadek Shita Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi Anak Agung Gde Oka Dharmayudha Anak Agung Gde Putra ANAK AGUNG NGURAH GEDE DWINA WISESA ANAK AGUNG NGURAH OKA PUJAWAN Anak Agung Sagung Istri Pradnyantari Anak Agung Sagung Kendran Andi Bahtiar Batti Anita Dwi Handayani Bambang Sumiarto Bhaskara, Audrey Febiannya Putri Brigita Galilea Adu Charles Rangga Tabbu Daud Steven Triyomi Hariyanto Dewi, Putu Bulan Sasmita DWI SURYANTO Estry Gusnita Damanik F. S. Wignall Fakhrurrasi Fakhri Fedri Rell G.A.M.K. Dewi Ghina Monita Pramudhita Gusti Ayu Dianti Violentina Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina Dewi Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra Helen Scott-Orr Herawati Sudoyo Heru Susetya I Dewa Made Sukrama I GBA Purwanda I Gede Eka Chandrawan I Gusti Agung Ayu Suartini I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana I Gusti Ketut Suarjana I Gusti Ketut Suarjana I Gusti Made Krisna Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Badiwangsa Temaja I GUSTI NGURAH DIBYA PRASETYA I Gusti Ngurah Narendra I Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra I Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra I Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra I Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra1, I K. Suata I KADEK SAKA WIRYANA I Ketut Berata I Made Bagus Arya Permana Ardiana Putra I Made Kardena I Made Sara Wijana I Made Sukada I MADE SUMA ANTARA I Made Suma Anthara I Nengah Kerta Besung I Nengah Kerta Besung i Nengah Wandia I NYOMAN ADI SURATMA I Nyoman Dibia I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Nyoman Suartha I Putu Sudiarta I Wayan Bebas I Wayan Gorda I Wayan Masa Tenaya I wayan Teguh Wibawan I Wayan Wirata I-W.T Wibawan I. B. P. Dwija I. K. Suastika I.A.P. Apsari I.B. Oka Suyasa I.B.K. Suardana Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari Ida Ayu Sri Candra Dewi Ida Ayu Sri Chandra Dewi Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Komang Ardana Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Indrawati Sendow Inna Narayani K. Subrata K. Wirasandhi Kadek Karang Agustina Kadek Satria Adi Marhendra Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati Ketut Wella Mellisandy Lies Parede Luh Made Sudimartini Lusiana Lasmari Siahaan M.T Suhartono MADE PHARMAWATI MADE RATNA SARASWATI . Made Suma Anthara Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Martien Herna Susanti Melkias Oagay Melkias Oagay Messy Saputri Boru Sembiring N. K. Susilarini N. Sri Budiyanti Nareswari, Ayu Widya Ni Ketut Dias Nursanty Ni Ketut Suwiti Ni Komang Eka Agustiani Ni Luh Made Ika Yulita Sari Hadiprata Ni Luh Putu Agustini Ni Luh Watiniasih Ni Luh Wayan Yulia Mirayanti Ni Made Adi Tarini Ni Made Krisna Dewi Ni Made Rita Krisna Dewi Ni Made Ritha Krisna Dewi Ni Made Ritha Krisna Dewi Ni Made Ritha Krisna Dewi Ni Made Ritha Krisna Dewi2 Ni Made Susilawathi Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Ni Putu Dian Pertiwi Ni Putu Sriwidyani Nyoman Anandiya Ramaditya Oktryna Hodesi Sibarani Pieter Mbolo Maranata Pipit Dwi Pramesti Pramitasuri, Tjokorda Istri Putri Wiliantari Putu Mei Purnama Dewi R Susanti R.D Soejoedono Raka-Sudewi A. A. Rd Soejoedono Retno Damajanti Soejoedono S Murtini S.K. Widyastuti Safarina G. Malik Sayu Raka Padma Wulan Sari, Sayu Raka Padma Wulan Sri Kayati Widyastuti sri murtini . Sukma Oktavianthi Susilawathi, Ni Made Tania Ria Gunawan TJOK GEDE OKA PEMAYUN Tjokorda Sari Nindhia TRI KOMALA SARI Wibawan IWT Widya Asmara Yan Ramona Yosaphat L.S Kote