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Journal : Patria Educational Journal

The independence character of elementary school children with autism: A case study Setiawan, Ari; Fajaruddin, Syarief; Astuti, Nuryani Dwi; Ertanti, Devi Wahyu; Budyartati, Sri; Jamilah, Jamilah; Machmudah, Machmudah
Patria Educational Journal (PEJ) Vol 5 No 3 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 3 September 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This case study explores the development of independence in an elementary school-aged child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using qualitative methods—including direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis—the study identified key factors that facilitated independent behavior in both home and school settings. The child demonstrated increased autonomy in daily tasks such as toileting, dressing, and class participation, particularly when supported by structured interventions including visual schedules, task analysis, and token reinforcement systems. A significant finding was the role of consistent collaboration between parents and teachers, which enabled the child to generalize skills across environments. These results affirm the importance of individualized support strategies and inter-setting consistency in promoting independence among children with ASD. The study concludes by recommending sustained, context-sensitive interventions and further research across multiple participants and settings to inform evidence-based practices in special education.
Likert Scale vs Semantic scale: Comparing the use of Mendeley application for the journal editors Fajaruddin, Syarief; Setiawati, Farida Agus; Setiawan, Ari; Astuti, Nuryani Dwi; Wiradika, I Nyoman Indhi; Nadia, Mia Ayu; Andi, Tri
Patria Educational Journal (PEJ) Vol 5 No 4 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 4 Desember 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28926/pej.v5i3.2650

Abstract

The study aims to identify the excellence in the use of two types of scale by comparing the Likert Scale and the Semantic Differential Scale. In addition, the study aims to identify the constructs of the Mendeley application as well as the indicators that it has shaped. The study itself is developmental research. The instruments for the Likert Scale and the Semantic Scale have been developed by referring to the same guidelines. Then, the respondents in the study are 59 journal administrators throughout Indonesia. After the data have been gathered, the data are analysed by using the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the study show that four factors that have been formed in the construction for the Mendeley application using the two scales. Based on the measurement results, it is found that Semantic Differential Scale is more excellent in terms of validity and reliability.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahim Ahmad Nurdin Kholili Alfred Irambona, Alfred Andhita Dessy Wulansari Apino, Ezi Ardi Ariyanto Ari Setiawan Ari Setiawan Ari Setiawan Ari Setiawan Ariesty Fujiastuti Arlinwibowo, Janu Aryanto, Ardi Astuti, Nuryani Dwi Atsnan, Muh Fajaruddin Awaliyyah, Ulfatul Azizah Bestiana Nizhomi Buyung Kusumawardhana C. Indah Nartani Caly Setiawan Candra, Rizal Naufal Candra, Rizal Nufal Choirul Fuadi, Choirul Dendo, Anastasia Datam Dhias Fajar Widya Permana Dina Syarafina Ghassani Dinar Westri Andini Donny Khoirul Azis, Donny Khoirul Dwi Susanto Dzul Rachman, Dzul Edi Istiyono Eko Pramudya Laksana Eko Wahyunanto Prihono Elyas Djufri Eri Yusron Erviana, Vera Yuli Fadilla, Mutiara Fajar Awang Irawan Fajar Awang Irawan Farida Agus Setiawati Febriana, Maghfira Firmansyah Putra Fitriana Fitriana Fitriati Fujianor Maulana Gani, Zainul Ghazali, Ari Godlove Elioth Kiswaga Godlove Elioth Kiswaga Guntur Guntur Hananto Tyas Saputro Hane, Thomas Didimus Heri Retnawati Husaini, Amri Hysa Ardiyanto I Nyoman Indhi Wiradika Ikhsani, Mifta Kurnia Indrasmara, Piwi Ray Jamilah Jamilah Jannata, Taufan Khilian, Abdul Mutalib Kholili, Ahmad Nurdin Khusnul Khatimah Kusuma, Andri Lamahala, Clara Bianrethny Monolga Lena Citra Manggalasari Machmudah, Machmudah Makmur Haji Harun Manggalasari, Lena Citra Mardhatillah, Nadia Ma’u, Jean Antunes Rudolf Zico Meylani, Arda Nur Mobinta Kusuma Moh. Khairudin Muh. Fajaruddin Atsnan Muh. Fajaruddin Atsnan, Muh. Fajaruddin Muhamad Sabirin Muhammad Nur Hudha Nadia, Mia Ayu Nareki, Maisea Ledua Neva Widanita Noviyanti, Nabila Desi Nur Hasanah Nuryana, Zalik Nuryani Dwi Astuti Padilah, Haris Pratama, Vicky Yusid Prihono, Eko Wahyunanto Priyani, Diah Indah Rahayuningsih, Retna Sundari Rahmita Yuliana Gazali Rahmita Yuliana Gazali, Rahmita Yuliana Retna Sundari Rahayuningsih Rex John G Bawang Rio Arif Pratama Rohmad Rohmad, Rohmad Rosid Bahar Rustam, Fradilah Samsul Hadi Saputri, Hafizah Rahma Satrian Suhendar Satya Perdana Sidik, Muhamad Fajar Siti Helmyati Siti Sarah, Siti Soviyah, Soviyah Sri Budyartati, Sri Sudji Munadi Suhendar, Satrian Supriyanto, Rahmat Syahri Ramadhan Taufik Muhtarom Tommy Tanu Wijaya Tri Andi Tri Andi, Tri Trio Ardhian Vera Yuli Erviana Vinni Sofyaningsih Wahyudiyanta, Muhammad Tri Wati, Ilma Wiwit Rahina Widananda, Charisma Wulan Widihastuti Wiradika, I Nyoman Indhi Yohana Sumiyati Yuli Prihatni Yusdianti, Yuni Zolanda, Mutia