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Shallot (Allium ascalonicum): An overview of antidiabetic activity by α-glucosidase inhibition Ramadaini, Tiara; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Febrina, Ellin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.52104

Abstract

Allium ascalonicum (shallot) is a medicinal plant with promising potential in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the phytochemical constituents, mechanisms of action, and existing research gaps that warrant further exploration for targeted drug development. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2013 and 2023. Only full-text original research articles in English were included, while reviews and incomplete studies were excluded. The search strategy employed the keywords: “Allium ascalonicum OR shallot AND α-glucosidase.” The findings indicate that A. ascalonicum demonstrates significant antidiabetic activity across in vitro, in vivo, and limited human studies, primarily through inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This activity is largely attributed to quercetin and other flavonoid compounds, which play an essential role in reducing blood glucose levels and mitigating oxidative stress. Collectively, the evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of A. ascalonicum as a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. However, further clinical investigations and comprehensive toxicity assessments are required to establish its efficacy and safety as a standardized herbal medicine and future phytopharmaceutical candidate for diabetes management.
Potensi Anti-inflamasi Ekstrak Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.: Penelitian In Vitro dan In Vivo Susilawati, Elis; Pertiwi, Intan; Istiqomah, Aulia Nurfazri; Susilawati, Yasminwar; Levita, Jutti; Sumiwi, Sri Adi
Journal of Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23814

Abstract

Masyarakat secara tradisional menggunakan daun Kate Mas (Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.) untuk mengatasi kesulitan buang air besar. Penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan daun E. heterophylla memiliki aktivitas antioksidan DPPH dan anti-inflamasi pada tikus diinduksi karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak E. heterophylla (EEH) secara in vitro pada suspensi sel darah merah yang diinduksi larutan hipotonik, serta untuk mengevaluasi efek EEH dalam uji in vivo pada hewan yang diinduksi dengan larutan putih telur 1%. Studi in vitro menggunakan metode HRBC (Human Red Blood Cell) dengan darah yang dirusak larutan hipotonik sebagai media uji yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-vis pada panjang gelombang 560 nm. Metode in vivo dilakukan pada tikus yang dibagi secara acak menjadi lima kelompok (n=5): kelompok kontrol positif (Na-CMC), kelompok pembanding (diklofenak natrium 4,5 mg/kg BB), dan tiga kelompok uji (EEH 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BB). Semua kelompok diinduksi dengan putih telur 1% pada telapak kaki tikus. Parameter yang diukur adalah nilai IC50 dan persentase inhibisi edema pada kaki tikus setiap 30 menit selama 180 menit. Hasil: Skrining metabolit sekunder pada EEH menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, kuinon, dan steroid/triterpenoid. EEH menunjukkan nilai IC50 yang tergolong aktif sebagai anti-inflamasi dan mampu mengurangi volume edema. Kesimpulan: EEH berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan anti-inflamasi. Kata Kunci: Anti-Inflamasi, Euphorbia heterophylla, Putih Telur, Larutan Hipotonik, Human Red Blood Cell The community traditionally uses Kate Mas (Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.) leaves to alleviate constipation. Previous studies reported that E. heterophylla leaves possess DPPH antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in carrageenan-induced rats. This study aims to analyze the effect of E. heterophylla extract (EEH) administration in vitro on red blood cell suspensions induced by a hypotonic solution, and to evaluate the effects of EEH in vivo on animals induced with 1% egg white solution. The in vitro study was conducted using the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) method, where red blood cells were subjected to damage by a hypotonic solution as the test medium. The measurement was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560 nm. The in vivo method was conducted on rats randomly divided into five groups (n=5): positive control group (Na-CMC), comparison group (diclofenac sodium 4.5 mg/kg BW), and three test groups (EEH 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW). All groups were induced with 1% egg white on the rat's paw. The parameters measured were the IC50 value and the percentage of edema inhibition in the rat’s paw every 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Results: Secondary metabolite screening of EEH showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids/triterpenoids. EEH demonstrated an IC50 value classified as active anti-inflammatory and was able to reduce edema volume. Conclusion: EEH has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory treatment.
Immunomodulatory and Acute Toxicity Studies of Peronema canescens Jack Leaves: in vivo Hematological Analysis and in vitro IL-6 Gene Expression Inhibition Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian; Fahriza Ardiansyah; Yasmiwar Susilawati; Gofarana Wilar; Sri Adi Sumiwi; Jutti Levita; Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i3.3577

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peronema canescens Jack is traditionally employed in the treatment of inflammation, malaria, and immune-related disorders. Despite its traditional use, scientific evidence on its immunomodulatory effects, interleukin (IL)-6 modulation, hematological impact, as well as its related acute toxicity data remains limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunostimulatory potential of P. canescens leaf extract through in vitro and in vivo assessments and evaluate its acute toxicity profile.METHODS: The in vitro immunomodulatory activity of P. canescens ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction (NHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water fraction (WF) were assessed by measuring IL-6 inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. For in vivo analysis, Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: a normal control (Na-CMC), a positive control (50 mg/kg BW/day Stimuno Phyllanthus niruri extract), a negative control (80 mg/kg BW/day cyclophosphamide as immunosuppressant), and 3 treatment groups receiving P. canescens extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW/day. Hematological parameters, including white blood cell (WBC) counts, lymphocyte percentages, and neutrophil percentages, were analyzed. Acute toxicity studies were performed by administering P. canescens extract at doses of 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg BW over observation period.RESULTS: EAF exhibited the most pronounced IL-6 inhibition in vitro. In vivo, the administration of P. canescens extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW significantly elevated WBC and lymphocyte levels while concurrently reducing neutrophil counts. No mortality or neurotoxic manifestations were observed, confirming the P. canescens extract’s safety profile up to 5000 mg/kg BW.CONCLUSION: P. canescens leaf extract, particularly EAF, demonstrates robust immunomodulatory activity with a favorable safety margin. These findings underscore its potential therapeutic application in immune modulation.KEYWORDS: Peronema canescens Jack, immunomodulatory, IL-6 inhibition, acute toxicity, hematology, cytokines
Co-Authors Ade Zuhrotun Ahmad Muhtadi Ai Hertati Ai Hertati, Ai Ajeng Diantini, Ajeng Aliya Nur Hasanah Ameilia Ameilia Ami Tjitraresmi, Ami Anas Subarnas Andi Tenri Kawareng Anna Yuliana, Anna Anni Anggraeni Anni Anggraeni, Anni Anni Aoggraeoi" Apriali, Kirka Dwi Aryanti, Ninda Asman Sadino Azzahra, Nabila Putri Clara Sunardi Clara Sunardi Clara Sunardi Dani Sujana Darmawan, Michelle Darwati Darwati Darwati Darwati Darwati, Darwati Eli Halimah, Eli Ellin Febrina Fahriza Ardiansyah FAUZI, DIANE FITRI NURJANAH Gofarana Wilar Hadi Kuncoro Hartono, Ayu Previani Hazna Putri Salsabilla Hendrayana, Jemmy Hendrayana, Jemmy Ida Musfiroh -, Ida Musfiroh Iis Leniawati Indah Suasani Wahyuni Irma Erika Herawati Irma Melyani Puspitasari Irma Meylani Puspitasari Istiqomah, Aulia Nurfazri Izzatul Khoirunnisa Jennifer Kolina Julisiana Sanggelorang Jutti Levita Kana Lina Sinaga KHOIRINA NUR SA'IDAH Kokom, Asep Kolina, Jennifer Kusuma, Winny Lutfi Sulaiman MANUELA GLENATALIE PAKPAHAN Mardhiani, Yanni Dhiani Maria Ulfah Marline Abdassah Bratadiredja Marline Abdassah, Marline MEGANTARA, SANDRA Mochamad Rizal Moelyono, M W Moelyono, M W Mohamad Taufik Ismullah Muchtaridi Muchtaridi Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Nisa Masyitah NUR RAMADHANI MAUNG MANURUNG Nurfadillah, Nisrina Nurike Susendi Nyi Mekar Saptarini Okta Nama Putra Pangestu, Lauren PERTIWI, INTAN Putri Anggreini Putri, Chintiana Nindya Rahadianti Khofii Suwanditya Ramadaini, Tiara Ramonah, Dewi Renny Amelia Resha Resmawati Shaleha Riezki Amalia Rini Hendriani Ririn Suharsanti, Ririn Rochjana, Anna Uswatun Hasanah Ronny Lesmana Saeful Amin, Saeful SAFIRA ANNISSA Sari Sumarni Shaleha, Resha Resmawati Siti Saleha Sriwidodo Sriwidodo Steffi Liem Supriyatna Supriyatna Susilawati, Elis Susilawati, Yasminwar Suwandi, Deden Winda Taofik Rusdiana TIANA MILANDA Tina Rostinawati WAHYU EKA SAPUTRI Winny Kusuma Yasmiwar Susilawati Yoga Windhu Wardhana Yohanes, David Christianto Yoppi Iskandar Yuli Andriani Yunita .