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Isolasi DNA dari Bercak Urine Manusia sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pemeriksaan Identifikasi Personal Ahmad Yudianto; Yeti Eka Sispitasari
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): JUNE
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (602.343 KB) | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v1i1.54

Abstract

Menentukan identitas personal dengan tepat amat penting dalam penyidikan karena adanya kekeliruandapat berakibat fatal dalam proses peradilan. Identifikasi melalui analisa DNA melibatkan kromosomsomatik maupun mtDNA. Setiap bagian tubuh manusia dapat diambil sebagai spesimen karena setiap sel berintidalam tubuh seseorang memiliki rangkaian DNA identik. Selama ini sampel yang sering digunakan dalam identifikasimelalui analisa DNA adalah bercak darah, bercak sperma, dan tulang, sedangkan pada kasus tertentuyang menyebabkan keluar urine pada pakaiansering diabaikan. Sejauh ini identifikasi personal melalui bercakurine dengan metode analisis DNA belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan, lama waktu paparanyakni hari ke-1, 7, dan 14 terhadap lokus: CTT dan amelogenin 106 bp-112 bp. Semua sampel dalam visualisasihasil PCR dengan silver staining PAGE nampak band (terdeteksi). Namun pada lama waktu paparan hari ke-20didapat hanya lokus THO1 dan TPOX semua sampelnya (100%) nampak band (terdeteksi), sedangkan lokusCSF1PO dan amelogenin 50% nampak jelas band. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada pemeriksaan DNA bercakurine melalui deteksi lokus STR CTT didapatkan respon deteksi yang berbeda pada berbagai waktu lama paparan.Keberhasilan deteksi lokus tersebut ditunjang oleh adanya perbedaan amplicon product dan kandunganGC pada masing-masing lokus. Dari lokus-lokus yang diteliti, rasio GC content dalam primer diurut dari yang terendahadalah: lokus CSF1PO, TPOX, dan THO1. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa lokus THO1 maupun TPOXmemiliki kemungkinan yang sama dalam keberhasilan pemeriksaan STR dibandingkan dengan lokus CSF1PO.
Sibling Indices as Comparisons in Personal Identification Process through Short Tandem Repeats [STR] Loci CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA of Maduranese Ethnic in Surabaya Ahmad Yudianto; Fery Setiawan; Simon Martin Manyanza Nzilibili
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 2 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.60318

Abstract

Sibling indices can be used as a comparison through alleles Short Tandem Repeats [STR] loci. This is an observational study among Maduranese with 4 STR loci (CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA) obtained from their blood samples. The percentage of alleles shared: 82.5% [33 times] with 2 allele sharing, 12.5% [5 times] with 1 allele sharing, and 5 % [2 times] with 0 sharing alleles. Sibling indices (SI) calculation results: 65% of sibling indices pairs have SI greater than 100 and 15% of them were between 10-100 (strong and very strong). Sibling indices interpretation is supported; therefore, the claimed sibling indices relationships were indeed true among Maduranese ethnic group in Surabaya.
ANALISIS DNA MITOKONDRIA SWAB EARPHONE SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF PEMERIKSAAN IDENTIFIKASI Ahmad Yudianto; Yeti Eka Sispitasri; Nola Margaret
Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) Vol 7 (2017): Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences
Publisher : Penerbit, sejak 2012 : Asosiasi Ilmu Forensik Indonesia dan UPT Lab. Forensik Sain dan Kriminilogi - Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/IJLFS.2017.v07.i01.p02

Abstract

Identification include fingerprint, property, medical, dental, serologic and exclusion methods. In the development, identification methods led to molecular forensics, a new field of science evolving since the 1980s, known as DNA fingerprinting. Blood spots/bloods, semen spots, vaginal swabs, buccal swabs and bones are specimens widely used in DNA assay for identification. In addition to these specimens, the last objects often used by the perpetrators/victims can be used, such as hearing aids (headsets/earphones). In its use, earphones are attached to the outer ear skin; thus, the earwax is suspected to adhere to the device. To date, in Indonesia personal identification is performed through swabs of earphones/headsets using the DNA profiling method. In particular, mitochondrial DNA has not been widely used for identification. The present study was of laboratory experimental. Earphones which have been used for 3 days were placed in room temperature for 1, 7, 14 and 20 days. Results showed that the environmental factor of exposure duration had an effect of a significant decrease in the levels of DNA from day 1 to day 20. Only 126-bp mtDNA (HVS II) was detected on the samples of day 1 and continued with sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA has better durability and relatively higher number of copies than those of nuclear DNA. This leads to greater possibility of success in amplification, given the higher number of mitochondrial DNA copies and the fact that mitochondrial DNA is a single locus that allows recombination.
EFEKTIVITAS MINI PRIMER SET STR CODIS [FGA, CSF1PO & D21S11] DALAM DEGRADASI DNA EFEK PAPARAN SUHU TINGGI Ahmad Yudianto; Ariyanto Wibowo; Indah Nuraini
Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) Vol 9 No 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal Of Legal And Forensic Sciences
Publisher : Penerbit, sejak 2012 : Asosiasi Ilmu Forensik Indonesia dan UPT Lab. Forensik Sain dan Kriminilogi - Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/IJLFS.2019.v09.i01.p01

Abstract

Identifikasi forensik dengan pemeriksaan DNA yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan asal usul anak; kasus paternitas; hubungan kekeluargaan; maupun identifikasi korban tak dikenal, semakin hari semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam menunjang penegakan hukum di tanah air. Hanya saja dalam perkembangannya pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan bahan DNA ini bukannya tanpa persoalan. Salah satu persoalan yang seringkali menjadi masalah yang serius bagi ahli DNA forensik maupun ahli DNA lainnya adalah kondisi DNA yang tergedradasi atau yang dikenal dengan istilah degraded DNA. Salah satu alternatif yang ditempuh dalam degradasi DNA saat ini oleh ahli DNA forensik adalah melalui penggunaan mini primer set, yakni melalui metode pengurangan ukuran STR assays, pada pemeriksaan lokus DNA inti. Penelitian ini menggunakan mini primer CSF1PO, FGA & D21S11 pada bahan gigi molar dengan perlakuan paparan 5000C dalam waktu 20 dan 30 menit serta suhu 7500C dalam waktu 20 dan 30 menit. Hasil yang didapatkan terjadi penurunan kadar DNA gigi yang bermankna (p<0.05) sebagai efek paparan suhu tinggi. Visualisasi hasil PCR didapatkan hanya lokus CSF1PO yang masih terdeteksi dengan mini primer pada paparan suhu 7500C selama 30 menit (paparan maksimal penelitian ini) sehingga melalui lokus tersebut sangat potensial dalam pemeriksaan identifikasi melalui analisis DNA terutama dalam kondisi terdegradasi efek paparan suhu tinggi, serta mempercepat proses identifikasi terutama pada kejadian bencana (mass disaster) maupun kasus-kasus kriminal lainnya.
VARIASI NUKLEOTIDA LOKUS 126 pb DAERAH D-LOOP DNA MITOKONDRIA (mtDNA) PADA INDIVIDU SEGARIS KETURUNAN IBU Ahmad Yudianto; Indah Nuraini Maskjur
Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) Vol 2 (2012): Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences
Publisher : Penerbit, sejak 2012 : Asosiasi Ilmu Forensik Indonesia dan UPT Lab. Forensik Sain dan Kriminilogi - Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be used to confirm individual and ethnic identity Madurese group of population represents an ethnic group that until presently preserves their ancestral customs in a harmonious co-existence in with their religion and endogamy remains occurring among them. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of the nucleotide variants of 126-bp mtDNA D-Loop region in maternally inherited individuals in several generations of Madurese ethnic group that could later be used as the basis for determining the genetic patterns of the Madurese’s mtDNA in a larger scale. For this purpose, the study carried out nucleotide sequence determination of mtDNA D-Loop region on several Madurese individual by using a sample of epithelial cells of oral cavity. A series of activities including isolation of the samples’ mitochondrial DNA, PCR amplification of mtDNA D-loop region, and sequencing and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of sequencing results was performed in order to determine the nucleotide sequence. The study successfully performed PCR amplification of the 126-bp fragment of mtDNA D-Loop region and determined a 125-bp nucleotide sequence of one Madurese individual. In addition, the study found variants or morphs differing from the Cambridge or Anderson sequences. Ten haplotipe were found in different positions; they were 109A-T, 110G-T. 130C-A, 101G-A, 107G-A, 118T-A, 131T-A, 160T-C, and 161T-A. In addition, a C nucleotide substitution was found at position 129.
Paternity Test Through Kinship Analysis as Forensic Identification Technique Ahmad Yudianto; Fery Setiawan; Reni Sumino
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n1.2154

Abstract

Paternity tests is often faced with the unavailability of information from the father, mother, or child as a comparison in forensic DNA examination process. Therefore, comparisons with information from close family lines are needed, for example from the victim's siblings or the perpetrator if there are no comparisons from parents or siblings. This study was conducted by the Human Genetic Study Group of Airlangga University in its campus from January to April 2020. The aim of the study was to analyze the use of kinship analysis in paternity test through STR CODIS examination on siblings. This was an observational laboratory study with a temporary design. DNA sample extraction level and purity results were measured with the mean DNA sample level of 675±5.35ng/µL, while the purity values ranged from 1.05 to 1.86. The paternity test principle is based on comparison process between the parents’ alleles with the child’s alleles. However, if the parents’ alleles are not available, the siblings’ alleles can be used as a comparison for identification purpose, which is known as kinship analysis. Statistically, full siblings have a 2 alleles accuracy probability of [0.25] 25%, which was the same as not having the same allele or 0 allele, while 1 allele accuracy reached 50%. All CODIS STR loci had the highest percentage of 2 allele sharing. Therefore, it is recommended to use sibling or kinship analysis if both parents are absent.
DNA Methylation from Bloodstain as a Forensic Age Estimation Method Ahmad Yudianto; Masniari Novita; Muhammad Afiful Jauhani; Deka Bagus Binarsa
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (487.229 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n1.1863

Abstract

Forensic identification is an effort to help law enforcement officers to reveal a person's identity. Personal identity is often a problem in criminal and civil cases as well as  cases related to death without identity and mass disasters. Age estimation is very important in forensic identification. DNA methylation is a potential epigenetic modification for age estimation because the aging process of DNA resembles the developments regulated in processes that are tightly controlled by specific epigenetic modifications. In most cases of violent crime, bloodstains can be found at the crime scene. Bloodstain may come from victims, perpetrators of crime, or both. Bloodstain can be used to scientifically reveal the correlation between DNA methylation from bloodstain and the age of unknown person. This study aimed to determine the correlation betweeen DNA methylation from bloodstain and a person's age. The study was conducted at the Institute of Tropical Disease of Universitas Airlangga from July to October 2019 using the analytic observational approach on 10 samples consisting of 5 male and 5 female samples. It was discovered that the correlation coefficient between DNA methylation and age in male subjects was 0.888 with a significance value of 0.04 and 0.834 in female subjects with a significance value of 0.079. In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between percent methylation and age in male subjects. However, this correlation is not statistically significant in female subjects. Metilasi DNA pada Bercak Darah sebagai Metode Forensik untuk Perkiraan UmurIdentifikasi dalam bidang kedokteran forensik adalah upaya untuk membantu penegak hukum dalam menentukan identitas seseorang. Identitas personal sering menjadi masalah dalam kasus pidana, kasus perdata, kematian tanpa identitas, dan bencana massal. Estimasi umur sangat penting dalam identifikasi forensik. Metilasi DNA merupakan suatu modifikasi epigenetik yang potensial untuk memperkirakan umur. Hal ini dikarenakan, DNA pada individu yang mengalami penuaan menyerupai perkembangan yang diatur dalam proses yang dikontrol ketat oleh modifikasi epigenetik khusus. Pada kebanyakan kasus kriminal dengan tindak kekerasan, bercak darah dapat ditemukan pada tempat kejadian perkara. Bercak darah tersebut mungkin berasal dari korban, pelaku kejahatan, atau bahkan dari keduanya. Bercak darah dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengungkap peristiwa tersebut secara ilmiah Sejauh ini korelasi metilasi DNA dari bercak darah dengan umur seseorang belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi metilasi DNA dari bercak darah dengan umur seseorang. Penelitian dilakukan di Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga periode Juli sampai Oktober 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan observasional analitik yang dilakukan pada 10 sampel dengan rincian 5 sampel pria dan 5 sampel wanita. Hasil penelitian, korelasi metilasi DNA dengan umur pada subyek laki-laki didapatkan nilai r adalah 0.888 dengan nilai signifikansi 0.04 dan pada subyek perempuan didapatkan r adalah 0.834 dengan nilai signifikansi 0.079. Simpulan, ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara persen metilasi dengan umur pada laki-laki, sedangkan pada perempuan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik.
Nuclei DNA Damage Due to Extreme High-Temperature Exposure during Forensic Identification Examination Ahmad Yudianto; Masniari Novita; Ariyanto Wibowo; Fery Setiawan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2143

Abstract

Accurate personal identification is important in investigations because an error in the identification process may bring fatal consequences during trial. The most common identification process is the Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] analysis. Degraded DNA sample due to extremely high-temperature exposure may limit DNA analysis. This study aimed to analyze DNA damage patterns caused by an extremely high temperature using STR (short tandem repeat) CODIS marker. This study was conducted at the Forensic and Medicolegal Department, Laboratorium Balai Besar Kesehatan Surabaya, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Human Genetic Study Group of Universitas Airlangga, and Faculty of Science and Technology of Universitas Brawijaya Malang from July until October 2009. Results of PCR visualization using STR CODIS for costae demonstrated that the THO1 detection (+) in 1,2500C - 40’: 25% and the TPOX detection (+) in 1,0000C - 30’: 50% whereas the results from molar teeth showed that the THOI locus detection (+) in 1,2500C - 30’: 25% and TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’: 50%. Results for PCR visualization using mini-STR CODIS for the costae presented that the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 20’: 50% (+) while for the molar tooth the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 30’ : 25% (+) and mini-TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’ : 50% (+). All loci were detected on costae and second molar teeth samples of the control group. Thus, extreme high-temperature exposure significantly decreased the DNA level of second costae and second molar tooth. Sequence patterns of STR loci successfully detected were TPOX, THO1, and CSF1PO.Kerusakan DNA Inti Karena Paparan Suhu Tinggi Selama Proses Identifikasi ForensikIdentifikasi melalui DNA secara tepat penting dalam penyelidikan karena kesalahan akan berakibat fatal selama proses persidangan. Salah satu keterbatasan adalah DNA yang terdegradasi karena paparan suhu yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kerusakan DNA akibat suhu sangat tinggi menggunakan penanda CODIS STR (short tandem repeat). Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik, Laboratorium Kemenkes, Human Genetic Study Group, dan Universitas Brawijaya Malang pada periode Juli sampai Oktober 2009. Visualisasi PCR menggunakan STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: deteksi THO1 (+) pada 12500C - 40’: 25%, deteksi TPOX (+) pada 10000C - 30’: 50%, sedangkan hasil dari gigi molar adalah sebagai berikut: THOI locus detection (+) di 12500C - 30’: 25% dan TPOX di 10000C - 40’: 50%. Hasil visualisasi PCR menggunakan mini-STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: mini-THOI pada 12500C - 20’: 50% (+) dan untuk gigi molar: mini-THOI pada 12500C-30': 25% (+ ) dan mini-TPOX di 10000C - 40’ : 50%  (+). Semua lokus terdeteksi pada kelompok kontrol pada sampel costae dan gigi molar kedua. Kesimpulannya, paparan suhu tinggi yang ekstrim secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat DNA kosta dan gigi molar kedua. 
Local Mapping Profile of Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)-Loop in Forensic Identification Ahmad Yudianto; Nola Margaret
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (227.527 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v54i3.10008

Abstract

To prove that mitochondrial DNA damage is not total or partial, as has been found in the preliminary study, studies need to be done to determine the opportunity of successful use of the mitochondrial DNA mini-primer set in an amplicon product below 250 bp. This is important because it can overcome quality problems in degraded DNA, which will complicate the process of DNA forensic identification. This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The study material was DNA from blood and sweat stains taken from abandoned bodies. Samples consisted of 24 pieces of blood and sweat spots. The measurements of mean DNA levels and sample purity used UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, revealing mean DNA in blood samples of 152.89 ± 85.71 µg/ml and sweat samples of 89.19 ± 5.58 µg/ml, and sample purity of DNA  and sweat were 1.89 ± 0.71 and 1.69 ± 0.76. Whereas, the result of D-Loop mtDNA: D-Loop I 143bp nt: 16268 -16410 and D-Loop HVS II 126bp nt: 34 -159, indicating blood spots were detected positively >95% and sweat was detected positively in 5%-20%. Results of DNA sequencing from mtDNA of blood spots and sweat spots in 126 bp and 143 bp amplicon revealed nucleotide damage marked with the letter 'N'. In conclusion, mini-primers of mitochondrial DNA in the amplification product mtDNA D-Loop HVS II 126 bp (nt 59-134) and D-Loop HVS I 143 bp (nt 16268-16410) were effectively used as support for DNA profiling in forensic medicine.
Identification of Human DNA in Mixture of Human and Chicken Blood Using PCR with Specific Primer of Cytochrome B Gene Wimbuh Tri Widodo; Ahmad Yudianto; Sri Puji Astuti W
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (200.888 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v54i3.10009

Abstract

This study aimed to identify human DNA from mixing human and chicken blood samples by utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cytochrome b gene primer. The cytochrome b gene is a gene located in mitochondrial DNA and has high variation of sequence relation between one species and another. PCR analysis was performed using human cytochrome b gene primer in variation of DNA templates (0 ng, 0.01 ng, 0.1 ng, 1 ng, 10 ng and 100 ng), human blood percentages (100%, 50%, 40 %, 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0%) and sample age before analysis (0 day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days). The minimum DNA template obtained in this study was 0.01 ng and minimum percentage of human blood in the mixture was 1%. Blood spots on cloth isolated on days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 15 could still be analyzed and the resulting of DNA band (157 bp) had the same intensity/thickness. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that human blood in the mixture of human and chicken blood can be identified using PCR with specific primers of cytochrome b gene. PCR using specific primer of cytochrome b gene may help forensic practitioners to identify human sample in mixed biological samples.
Co-Authors A’yun, Qurrota Achmad Basori, Achmad Acrivida Mega Charisma Agung Sosiawan Amalia Rozaiza Ightikhoma Anak Agung Putu Santiasa Putra Andika Aliviameita Apriliani, Herlina Arfianti, Evy Arif Rahman Nurdianto Arif Rahman Nurdianto Ariyanto Wibowo Ariyanto Wibowo Ariyanto Wibowo, Ariyanto Aung, Htet Htet Azizatul Haq Larasati Biqisthi Ari Putra Cicilia, Cindy Oktavi Deka Bagus Binarsa Delita Bayu Murti Delta Bayu Murti Desy Martha Panjaitan Djaja Surya Atmadja Endarini, Lully Hanni Evan Boedi Dewanto Eveline Yulia Darmadi Fery Setiawan Fery Setiawan Furqoni, Abdul Hadi Heni Puspitasari Heribertus Agustinus B Tena Herkutanto Huda, Qurrota A’yunil Hutagalung, Magda Rosalina Ida Bagus Narmada Imam Susilo Indah Nuraini Indah Nuraini Indah Nuraini Indah Nuraini Masjkur Indah Nuraini Maskjur Indah Nuraini, Indah Januar Alif Jenny Sunariani Jenny Sunariani Jenny Sunariani, Jenny Juliana Christyaningsih Kristianto, Sonny Latief Mooduto, Latief Leonardo Margaret, Nola Masniari Novita Meli Meli, Meli Mely Purnadianti Mieke Sylvia Mochammad Yuwono Muhammad Afiful Jauhani Muhammad Kholil Ikhsan Muktiningsih Nurjayadi Nazaratun Thaiyibah Nazaratun Thaiyibah, Nazaratun Nily Sulistyorini Nola Margaret Nola Margaret NOVITASARI Novitasari Novitasari Nurdianto, Arif Rahman Nurdin, Erni Perwira, Satria Prabowo, Yudha Erik Prasilia Ramadhani Puspa Wardhani Puspa Wardhani Puspa Wardhani Putra, Bilqisthi Ari Putri, Dwi Fitrianti Arieza Putri, Rury Erina Qurrota A'yunil Huda Rahma Diyan Martha Reni Sumino Rizal Fauzi Nurdianto Rosalinda Avia Eryatma Rury Eryna Putri Rusyad Adi Suriyanto Rusyad Adi Suryanto RWulandari, Septiayu Saamia, Vira Saleh, Tania Ardiani Setiawati, Rosy Simon Martin Manyanza Nzilibili Sispitasri, Yeti Eka Sri Puji Astuti W Sugiharto, Ade Firmansyah Sulistyorini, Nilly Suryanegara, I Ketut Heru Syarif, Ichsan Tambunan, Edwin M.B. Tiara Mayang Pratiwi Lio Titik Erliyah Toetik Koesbardiati Utomo, Ratno Tri Wahyu Widodo Wimbuh Tri Widodo Wresti Indriatmi B. Makes wulandari, septiayu Yessy Andriani Fauziah Yeti Eka Sispita Sari Yeti Eka Sispitasri