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All Journal MEDIA ELEKTRIKA Jurnal Spektran Jurnal Teknologi Elektro JPSE (Journal of Physical Science and Engineering) JEEMECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering, Mechatronic and Computer Science) INOVTEK POLBENG KOMPUTEK Jurnal Pensil : Pendidikan Teknik Sipil Applied Technology and Computing Science Journal Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Jurnal Elkolind : Jurnal Elektronika dan Otomasi Industri Dharma Raflesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan dan Penerapan IPTEKS International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems JISO : Journal of Industrial and Systems Optimization Journal of Computer, Electronic, and Telecommunication (COMPLETE) Educivilia: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Jurnal Janitra Informatika dan Sistem Informasi Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence Elektriese: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Elektro MIMBAR INTEGRITAS SAGA: Journal of Technology and Information Systems Jurnal 7 Samudra Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya Frontiers in Community Service and Empowerment Journal of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering Jurnal Cakrawala Maritim Jurnal Teknologi Maritim Jurnal Cakrawala Maritim Emitor: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Mein: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical & Industrial Technology Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Jurnal Teknologi Maritim Sainstech Nusantara Proceedings Conference on Marine Engineering and its Application Maritime in Community Service and Empowerment
Anggara Trisna Nugraha
Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
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 1 
Analysis and Implementation of LQR and LQT Control Strategies for the Maxon RE36 DC Motor Using MATLAB Simulink Environment Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Mukhammad Jamaludin; Rama Arya Sobhita; Dimas Eka Saputra
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i2.97

Abstract

The field of automatic control plays a crucial role in advancing science and technology. Among various actuators, DC motors are widely used but are often prone to overshoot due to their high initial torque and generally unstable performance characteristics. This study aims to determine the most effective control approach for optimizing the performance of the Maxon RE36 DC motor. Two control strategies are evaluated: the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and the Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) method. In a first-order system analysis, the motor's output significantly deviated from the target setpoint of 1, exhibiting an overshoot of approximately 0.505%. The application of the LQR method in output response modeling effectively reached the setpoint without any occurrence of overshoot or undershoot. Conversely, the LQT method achieved the setpoint but introduced a 5.851% undershoot and a 0.7% overshoot, although it demonstrated a rapid response time, achieving steady-state within approximately ±0.5 seconds.Experimental results on the Maxon RE36 DC motor revealed that while the LQT method offered faster settling times, the LQR method produced a cleaner response with no overshoot or ripple, making it more suitable for precision optimization of the motor's dynamic performance.
System Optimization Using LQR and LQT Methods on 42D29Y401 DC Motor Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Akhmad Azhar Firdaus; Rama Arya Sobhita; Zaki Wicaksono
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i2.108

Abstract

Control systems are critical for managing, commanding, and regulating the behavior of dynamic systems. A DC motor converts direct current electrical energy into kinetic energy, requiring positive and negative voltage terminals for operation. Due to their ease of control across wide speed ranges, DC motors are widely applied in various industrial sectors. Speed regulation is typically achieved using control devices tailored to specific system requirements. To optimize DC motor performance, this study employs mathematical modeling and control strategies using MATLAB software. The 42D29Y401 DC motor is modeled and simulated using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) methods. Simulation results show that the first-order DC motor achieved a stable step response with an amplitude of 3.40, a rise time of 3.11 seconds, and minor overshoot and undershoot values of 0.501% and 1.98%, respectively. The LQR-optimized system improved performance with an amplitude close to 1, a faster rise time of 1.1 seconds, and reduced overshoot and undershoot at 0.505%. Comparatively, the LQR-based system demonstrated better overall performance than the unoptimized model, while the LQT-based system yielded the highest level of performance among all configurations.
Optimization Control in MG-16 DC Motor Using LQR and LQT Configurations Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Muhammad Bilhaq Ashlah; Rama Arya Sobhita; Dhadys Ayu Juli Anjhani
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.105

Abstract

DC motors are widely used electronic components commonly found in everyday applications. Typically, when a load is applied, a DC motor tends to decelerate and fails to maintain a constant speed. To address this, motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the input voltage. However, to maintain consistent speed under varying loads, a control system is necessary. LQR works by adjusting the motor response to closely approach the desired setpoint, while minimizing both overshoot and undershoot within the system. On the other hand, LQT is a linear control strategy designed to ensure that the system output closely follows a time-varying reference or setpoint. When implemented, LQR yields a motor response that aligns with the target setpoint without any overshoot or undershoot. In contrast, if LQR is not applied, the motor response deviates significantly from the desired target and takes a longer time to settle. Meanwhile, the LQT method produces a quicker response reaching steady state in approximately ±0.5 seconds although it does introduce some overshoot and slight ripple in the signal. Despite these minor drawbacks, LQT is often favored over LQR for applications involving the MG-16B DC motor due to its superior speed in reaching the setpoint.
Simulation Analysis of System Optimization Using an EC-Max 40 Type DC Motor Plant Muhammad Izzul Haj; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Rony Dwi Kristiawan
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i3.107

Abstract

A control system functions to regulate one or more variables, ensuring they remain at specific values or within desired limits. The primary aim is to achieve optimal system performance through effective control strategies. In this study, system optimization is explored within a closed-loop configuration using a DC motor as the plant. The motor selected for this analysis is the EC-Max 40, a direct current motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. Utilizing the motor's datasheet, a first-order mathematical model is developed and implemented in Matlab Simulink for simulation purposes. The system design incorporates both Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Tracker (LQT) methods to evaluate and compare their performance. The analysis focuses on the step response of the system observing how the output behaves in response to input variations both under ideal conditions and in the presence of noise. The simulations reveal that both LQR and LQT methods produce similarly effective results; however, the LQT approach demonstrates a faster convergence to stability compared to the LQR method.
Comparison of System Optimization Methods: LQR vs. LQT on the Output Response of IG-42CRGM DC Motor Muhammad Bilhaq Ashlah; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Geniari Nastiti
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.99

Abstract

DC motors are widely utilized in industrial applications for their reliability and efficiency. To optimize their performance, it is crucial to employ control systems supported by mathematical modeling to predict motor responses under varying conditions. This study investigates the first- and second-order models of DC motors and examines the impact of internal disturbances (noise) on system performance. The output responses of two DC motors, the 42BLFX02 and Maxon EC-I 40 (70W), are compared under both undisturbed and noisy conditions using simulations. The results reveal that the second-order model offers a more stable response and better aligns with the desired target compared to the first-order model. Furthermore, the application of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control method significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of reaching the motor set point. However, when noise is introduced, the LQR method fails to maintain stability, and the motor's output starts to mirror the disturbance pattern. These findings highlight that while LQR is effective under ideal conditions, its performance diminishes when exposed to disturbances. Therefore, additional strategies are necessary to ensure stability and optimal performance in real-world conditions, particularly in environments with significant noise or disturbances.  
Enhancing LQR and LQT Control Strategies for the Output Performance of PG36M555 DC Motors Akhmad Azhar Firdaus; Nugraha, Anggara Trisna; Rama Arya Sobhita; Dhadys Ayu Juli Anjhani
SAINSTECH NUSANTARA Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Nusantara Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71225/jstn.v2i4.101

Abstract

A DC motor is commonly utilized as an actuator due to its ability to produce high torque. Controlling the motor's speed is one of the primary methods to manage its performance. Among various wireless communication options, radio waves are preferred since they do not require a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. Employing multiple antennas offers benefits such as enhanced reliability and increased data transmission rates. This study focuses on designing and simulating four types of systems: SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO. The performance of these configurations is evaluated and compared using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and channel capacity, with variations in antenna count. Simulations were carried out in MATLAB to analyze how different antenna quantities (4, 8, and 16) affect channel capacity across an SNR range of 0 to 30 dB. The simulation outcomes reveal a substantial rise in system capacity, reaching up to 214 bits/Hz/sec when a 16x16 MIMO setup is applied at 30 dB SNR.
Co-Authors A.Y, Hafizh Ahmad Dzul Abdilla, M. Rafi Damas Abdullah, Kharis Abu Jami’in, Mohammad Achmad Fatoni Achmad, Irgi Adam Meredita Realdo Adam Meredita Realdo Ade Rosi Novita Putri Adhi Setiawan Adhitya, Ryan Yudha Adiatmoko, Mohammad Fajar Admin Journal Ageng Rochmad Joko Purwoko Ahmad Arief Dwi Cahya Lumintang Ahmad Efendi Adi P, Ahmad Efendi Adi P Ahmad Raafi Fauzi Ahmad, Mahasin Maulana Ainiyyah Pramesta Akhmad Azhar Firdaus Alfanda, Benedicta Dian Alfitra, Muhammad Dhifa Almunawar, Deni Amelia, Putri Aminatus Sa’diyah Ananda Augista Firtsanti Ananda Ismul Azam Anda Iviana Juniani Andika Aldo Pratama Andika Dwicahyo Andjar Pudji Andrian Dwi Dharmawan Anisa Fitri Santosa Annas Singgih Setiyoko Annisa Nur Faj’riyah Anto, Dwi Rizky Arifuddin, Rahman Ary Pratama Paluga Arya Sobhita, Rama As'ad, Reza Fardiyan Asri, Purwidi As’ad, Reza Fardiyan Athavale, Vijay Anant Ayu Bintari Bintari, Ayu Briyen Rangga Prayoga W Cahyono, Luqman Chusnia Febrianti Dadang Priyambodo Dadang Priyambodo Dadang Priyambodo Dadang Priyambodo Dadang Priyambodo Danny Ridho Rayza Pahlevi Defta Firsalina Devina Puspita Sari Dewi Rizani Ruwahida Dhadys Ayu Juli Anjhani Dharmawan, Andrian Dwi Didik Sukoco Diego Ilham Yoga Agna Diego Ilham Yoga Agna Diego Ilham Yoga Agna Dimas Bayu Dwi Saputra Dimas Eka Saputra Dimas Okky Anggriawan Dimas Rinaldi Dito Kresna Riyanto Dwi Ananda Ramadhani Dwi Sasmita Aji Pambudi Dwi Sasmita Aji Pambudi Edi Prasetyo Hidayat Edy Prasetyo Hidayat Edy Prasetyo Hidayat Edy Prasetyo Hidayat, Edy Prasetyo Edy Setiawan Efendi, M. Zaenal Eka Prasetyono, Eka Elmi Hidayana Epyk Sunarno Fahmi Ivannuri Fahmi Ivannuri Fahmi Ivannuri Fahmi Ivanuri Fahmi Yahya Saputra Fahmi, M Rizal Fajar Rahmat Adzani Farhan Wahyu Nur Rahman Faris Anugrah Pratama Faris Riyadi Fathin, Ahmad Sayid Fatqurrochman, Muhammad Ilham Fortunaviaza Habib Ainudin Frosedo Brilian Bintang Syahara Gaguk Suhardjito Galih Anindita Geniari Nastiti Ghilman Ahmad Faza Habibi Ahmad B Hafizh Ahmad Dzul A.Y Handandi, Zukhruf Zidane Hendrata, Ferial Hendro Agus Widodo Hendro Agus Widodo Hendro Agus Widodo, Hendro Agus Hidayana, Elmi Hidayat, Mohammd Syafri Hidayat, Widi Nur Hikami Fachri Zaldi Ii Munadhif Inayatul Wulandari Iqbal Maulana, Fairuz Irgi Achmad Isa Rachman Ivan Azwar S Ivan Azwar Septiadi Joesianto Eko Poetro Joessianto Eko Poetro Joessianto Eko Poetro Juniani, A. I Khongdet Phasinam Laili Agustin Widyaningrum Lailia Nur Safitri Lailia Nur Safitri Leonardi Agus Wahyudi Lilik Subiyanto Lilik Subiyanto Lilik Subiyanto Lugas Jagad Satrianata Luluk Kusminah, Imah Luqman Cahyono M. Nico Hasnul Aziz Mahardhika, Pekik Maulana Ibrahim Mayda Zita Aliem Tiwana Mayda Zita Aliem Tiwana Mayda Zita Aliem Tiwana Mayda Zita Aliem Tiwana Mirna Apriani Misbakhul Mu'in Misra, Shubhrojit Moch Fadhil Ramadhan Moch Fadhil Ramadhan Moch Mukhtar Syaifudin Moch. Fadhil Ramadhan MOCHAMAD ARI BAGUS NUGROHO Mochamad Dhani Inwanul Farikh Mochammad Sofyan Moh. Nur Khojim Mohammad Abu Jamiin Mohammad Basuki Rahmat Mohammad Basuki Rahmat Mohammd Syafri Hidayat Muh. Aditya Rahman Muh. Reza Ihzanul Azam Muhammad Bilhaq Ashlah Muhammad Ferdiansyah Wibowo Muhammad Fikri Fathurrohman Muhammad Fikri Fathurrohman Muhammad Hamam Raihan Muhammad Hammam Raihan Muhammad Hanif Mudhoffar Muhammad Iham Fatqurrochman Muhammad Imaduddin Afi Muhammad Indrastata I.A Muhammad Izzul Haj Muhammad Jafar Shiddiq Muhammad Jafar Shiddiq Muhammad Jafar Shiddiq Muhammad Naufal Maulana Muhammad Septaldi Millenian S Muhammad Syahid Messiah Muhammad ‘Ubaid Amrullah Mukhammad Jamaludin Munadhif, Ii’ Nanda Dwi Pangestu Naufal Praska Zakariz Naufal Praska Zakariz Ni'matut Tamimah Ningrum, Dwi Setia Novie Ayub Windarko Novsyafantri Novsyafantri Nugroho, Mochammad Ilham Oktavinna Dwi Pratiwi Oktavinna Dwi Pratiwi Perdinan Setia Budi Perwi Darmajanti Ponti Almas Karamina Pramesti, Lely Prasetya, Farhan Dwi Prastyawan, Rikat Eka Pratiwi, Oktavinna Dwi Primaningtyas, Widya Emilia Priyambodo, Dadang Pudji, Andjar Puspita Sari, Devina Putri Intan Hafsari1, Rizky Putri Wulandari Rachma Prilian Eviningsih Rachma Prilian Eviningsih, Rachma Prilian Rachmat Marjuki Raden Dimas Endro W Raffi Ardika Putra Ardika Putra Rahma Prilian Evaningsih Rahman, Farhan Wahyu Nur Rahmania Ferdiansyah Rahmania Firdiansyah Rahmat Adzani, Fajar Raimundus Risa Arnestanta Rakha Bagus Putra Pradana Rama Arya Sobhita Ramadhan Aditiya Supiyadi Ramadhani, Dwi Ananda Rania Yasmin Magriza Ravi, Alwy Muhammad Realdo, Adam Meredita Reza Fardiyan As'ad Reza Fardiyan As’ad Riananda, Dimas Pristovani Rini Indarti Rini Indartini Riyadi, Faris Rizki Medy Prasetyo Rizky Fitra Kurniawan Rony Dwi Kristiawan Ruddianto Ruddianto Ruddianto, Ruddianto Safitri, Lailia Nur Salsabila Ika Yuniza Salsabila Ika Yuniza Sa’diyah, Aminatus Septya Rizki Amelia Shiddiq, Muhammad Jafar Sholahudin Rama Khabibi Shubhrojit Misra Sindy Yurisma Sheila Sobhita, Rama Arya Sofyan, Mochammad Sryang Tera Sarena Subiyanto , Lilik Suci Indaryani Sugianto, Moh. Ghafirul Pratama Aprilian Suhariningsih Sumarahinsih, Andrijani Sumardiono Sumardiono, Sumardiono Syafiuddin Syaifudin Syaifudin Syaifudin, Syaifudin Tamimah, Ni'matut Tarikh Azis Ramadani Tiwana, Mayda Zita Aliem Tiyasmihadi, Tri Urip Mudjiono Urip Mudjiono Urip Mudjiono, Urip Utomo, Agung Prasetyo utomo, Andika Aldo Pratama Utomo, Bedjo utomo, Devina Puspita Sari utomo, Diego Ilham Yoga Agna utomo, Rahmania Firdiansyah utomo, Salsabila Ika Yuniza Vijay Anant Athavale Vira Fadilah Qurani Wahyu Dirgantara Washfil Hasin, Muhammad Dzi Wibawa, I Putu Arta Wulandari, Kiki Dwi Yulian Fatkur Rohman Yuning Widiarti Zakariz, Naufal Praska Zaki Wicaksono Zindhu Maulana Ahmad Putra Zukhruf Zidane Handandi