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Journal : Aceh Anthropological Journal

Tradisi Ratik Tolak Bala dan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Koto Gadang VI Koto Septriani, Septriani; Gani, Maulid Hariri; Aziz, Basyarul; Arianto, Tomi
Aceh Anthropological Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aaj.v9i2.23811

Abstract

The food security of the Koto Gadang VI Koto community in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, is frequently threatened by crop failures caused by pests such as rats and planthoppers. This study aims to describe how the ratik tolak bala tradition functions as a cultural strategy for maintaining local food security. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the research collected data through participant observation, in-depth interviews with traditional and religious leaders, farmers, and field documentation. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman (reduction, display, conclusion drawing) and was interpreted through C.A. Van Peursen’s framework of tradition (mystical, ontological, and functional stages). The findings reveal that ratik tolak bala originated as a communal response to pest attacks threatening rice crops—the main food source. The ritual consists of two stages: ratik duduak (collective chanting in the mosque) and ratik tagak (processional chanting around the village), accompanied by the application of paureh, a herbal mixture of local plants, and field sanitation activities. Led by a mursyid (religious teacher), the ritual effectively reduced pest infestations, restored harvest yields, and ensured stable household rice stocks. Theoretically, the practice reflects a transition from mystical belief to functional rationality consistent with FAO’s four food security pillars: availability, access, utilization, and stability. Abstrak: Ketahanan pangan masyarakat Nagari Koto Gadang VI Koto di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat, kerap terancam akibat gagal panen yang disebabkan oleh serangan hama seperti tikus dan wereng. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana tradisi ratik tolak bala berfungsi sebagai strategi budaya masyarakat dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan lokal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh adat, tokoh agama, petani, serta dokumentasi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta ditafsirkan melalui kerangka teori C.A. Van Peursen (mistis, ontologis, dan fungsional). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratik tolak bala berawal dari upaya masyarakat menghadapi serangan hama yang mengancam sumber pangan. Tradisi ini dilaksanakan melalui dua tahapan utama, yaitu ratik duduak (dzikir di masjid) dan ratik tagak (dzikir keliling kampung), diikuti dengan penggunaan ramuan paureh dari dedaunan lokal dan pembersihan lahan pertanian. Pelaksanaan ritual yang dipimpin mursyid ini terbukti mampu menekan serangan hama, memulihkan hasil panen, dan menjaga keberlanjutan stok pangan rumah tangga. Secara teoritis, tradisi ini menunjukkan peralihan dari keyakinan mistis menuju fungsi rasional yang selaras dengan prinsip ketahanan pangan FAO: ketersediaan, akses, pemanfaatan, dan stabilitas.
Co-Authors Adelina Purba, Juliana Adira Cahya Adrias Adrias Afriana Afriana Afriana Afriana Afriana Afriana, Afriana Agus Sutardjo Ambalegin Ambalegin Ambalegin, Ambalegin Anastasia Juwita Ningsih Angel Purwanti Angelina, Veren Aprilia, Isnanda Ayu Anggraeini Br. Simbolon Ayu Nadira Wulandari Azhari, Chud Radeffy Aziz, Basyarul Chairunnisa, Hera Cheristine Aprilia Cinta, Cinta Damanik, Bea Anantha Desica Desica Desria Natalia Sirait Elfi Rahmi Fahmy Dalimunthe, Syairal Febri Yulika Febriani, Jeany Jean Ghafari, M. Oky Fardian Ginting, Dea Veronika Br Ginting, Natalia Griselda Giovanni Simanjuntak Gulo, Merlin Soviana Hanus Tewarat, Sipri Harianja, Berlian Serevina Harry Yoesoef Pabiona Hasibuan, Hotna Ria HERA CHAIRUNISA, HERA Hotman Nasution Icha Sartika Jamba , Padrisan Jamba, Jamba Jeany Jean Febriani Karmila Alam Syah Wellem Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Kholijah, Nita Kurnia Pulungan, Hendra Lavinia Rosemary Libra Sinurat, Grace Lismalinda M. Oky Fardian Gafari Maharani, Puja Manuela Indriati Siahaan Marson Goh Maulid Hariri Gani Mendrofa, Novi Oktavia Michelle Intan Goh Rumengan Waworuntu Mirda Aryadi Muhammad Fikri Munthe, Samantha Mariani Mutia Rafael Nazwa Annisa Nitasri Murawaty Girsang Nolen Nolen Nopriadi Nopriadi Noviana Osinta Bere Novita, Elmi Nurma Dhona Handayani Padrisan Jamba Pegi Fortunela Pijar Omar Piscesco Putri Dhea Sapitri Putri Silvia Putri, Saibil Aprilia Rahardy, Iffah Fauziah Resneri Daulay Reviani Manullang, Ester Ricky Ricky Rinaldi Panjaitan, Rinaldi Rizki, Sestri Novia Rusmitha Sipahutar Sanada Manalu Septiani Sihaloho, Jelita Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani Septriani, Septriani Siallagan, Lasenna Sihombing, Noel Silalahi, Selvina Simangunsong, Cladeo SIMANJUNTAK, DAIRI SAPTA RINDU Sitanggang, Romauli situmorang, Dina Evianna Suryani, Melly Siska Syafitri, Astrid Syahfitri, Rindani Syielvi Dwi Febrianty Tamara Hasibuan, Susan Tampubolon, Nico Jacksen Tarigan, Ansi Br Vita Nancy Manurung Zahra, Naila Zakiah, Husnuz Zefri Azharman Zega, Fatizatulo Zia Hisni Mubarak Zuhdi Arman Zuhdi Arman