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THE POLICY OF BANNING THE EXPORT OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE MINING SECTOR BY THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW Hilton Tarnama P.M.; Ade Marpudin; Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 001 (2023): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i3.3333

Abstract

The management and utilization of natural resources by a country are manifestations of exercising national sovereignty. The Doctrine of Sovereignty is designed to provide equality among nations under the law to develop their countries towards prosperity and well-being. The policy of restricting and prohibiting the export of raw materials in the mining sector, such as nickel, gold, and tin, by the Indonesian government, is recognized under international law, particularly international trade law. This policy will bring beneficial impacts to Indonesia's economy. By having the capability to process natural resources independently, Indonesia can enhance its economic self-reliance, reduce dependency on imports, and improve the country's position in the global competition in the mining sector, ultimately leading to increased national revenue and providing greater well-being for the entire Indonesian population.
Balancing International Legal Obligations, Human Rights, and National Interests: Indonesia’s Response to Rohingya Refugees in Aceh Asphianto, Aan; Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega; Wicaksono, Agung Satrio; Ashady, Suheflihusnaini; Weku, Robert Lengkong; Anggita, Dila; Risyawan, Alief
LAW REFORM Vol 22, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v22i1.73197

Abstract

The principle of non-refoulement in international law obliges states to refrain from returning refugees to places where they face persecution. Indonesia, as a state that upholds human rights, has applied this principle in receiving Rohingya refugees who are displaced from their country of origin. Nevertheless, its implementation encounters tensions between international obligations, national interests, and human rights considerations. This study aims to examine how international law influences Indonesia’s response to the Rohingya refugee situation and to analyze the government’s stance in balancing these competing interests. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining empirical research through focus group discussions and interviews with normative analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that, despite not ratifying the 1951 Refugee Convention, Indonesia continues to adhere to the non-refoulement principle. However, regulatory improvements are necessary, particularly regarding Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016, to ensure fulfillment of refugees’ basic rights and adequate financial support, especially in Aceh. In conclusion, Indonesia must adopt prudent legal reforms to strengthen legal certainty, protect refugee rights, and balance international, national, and humanitarian interests effectively. Such measures will also enhance coordination among institutions, improve policy implementation, and promote sustainable humanitarian governance in addressing future refugee challenges comprehensively nationwide.
Co-Authors Aceng Asnawi Rohani Ade Marpudin Afandi Sitamala AH. Asari Taufiqurrohman Ahadi Fajrin Prasetya Ahmad Lanang Citrawan Ahmad Lanang Citrawan Ahmad Rayhan Akbar Ari Rangga Prabu Zulkifar Aldi Dwi Cahyo Aliyah Aliyah Alvandri Christian Rahmat Gulo Amirulloh Ahdad Anabela Callista Zahwa Andini Marwah Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anggita, Dila Anisa Lutfiah Annida Dwi Agustin Arafat, Muhammad Rusli Ardhi Cahyani, Ferina Asep Hakim Zakiran Ashady, Suheflihusnaini Asphianto, Aan Aulia Rusdiana Awad Al Khalaf Azef Rahmat Hary Sapto Barora, Siti bin Mohd Rusli, Mohd Hazmi Bryan Alberto Chatri Pratiwi Ningrum Chelsea Tiara Septiani Malau Christian Sandy Pangestu Danial Danial Danial Danial dede agus, dede Devano, Aldo Devi Rakhmatika Diah Prihartini Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Edi Wibowo Edi Setiadi Elly Nurmahlia Erika Febriani Fachrurozy, Azriel Fanny Khalifatu Zanah Fardiansyah, A Irzal Fasyehhudin, Mohamad Febi Sasti Rahayu Ferina Ardhi Cahyani Fikry Nurhayadi Firanda Bery Amini Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Frisky Diaslestarie Gialdah Tapiansari Batubara Hairul Afandi Hanif, Hamdan Arief Hassan, Fareed Mohd Hera Susanti Hieronymus Soerjatisnanta Hikmayatul Muslimah Hilton Tarnama P.M. Hilton Tarnama PM Hilton Tarnama Putra M Idris Idris Ignatius Gita Hernata Imani, Sarah Haderizqi Irfi Silvia Amanda Irma Suryani Jaelani, Achmad Jastisia, Mentari Jaya, Arizon Mega Jefry Winter Luhut Hasudungan Justitia, Mentari Khairunnisa, Shofia Khoiruttamam Khoiruttamam Khotimah Estiyovionita Knudsen, Gustav Damgaard Lutfi, Muhamad Uut Luthfia, Chaula Maharani, Dwi Gita Malida Hany, Elbirra Malik, Imam Ibnu Mareta Puspita Arianie Maroni Maroni Maulana Shihabudin Mega Jaya, Arizon Mentari Jastisia Meutia Irdina Khairunnisa Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar Mohammad Fasyehhudin Mokhamad Gisa Vitrana Muhamad Romdoni Muhammad Akib Muhammad Hasyim Abdullah Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Rusli Arafat Muhammad Rusli Arafat Muhayaroh Muhayaroh Muhtasor Jidan Muhyi Mohas Muhyi Mohas Mulkiah Nurazizah Musfiroh, Melisa Muyassaroh Muyassaroh Nasrul Hidayat Nida, Qotrun Norma Risca Pratiwi Novia Bella Alifvia Nur Sahroniah Nurikah, Nurikah nurlela Sari Nuryati Solapari Octavian, Ryan Prasetya, Ahadi Fajrin Puput Adela Rafdi Altaf Rahman, Yogi Muhammad Raissa Tsabitha Rara Anggraeni Nur Afifah Ratna Januarita Ratu Anggita Aprilia Regina Permatadewi Tantiany Gunawan Reine Rofiana Rena Yulia Ridho Pangestu Taufik Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan, Ridwan Rika Ratna Permata Rima Oktavian Rio Primus Risyawan, Alief Rizki Islamiah, Kiki robert lengkong weku Rofiana, Reine rohani, aceng asnawi Rully Syahrul Mucharom Rully Syahrul Mucharom, Rully Syahrul Sabaruddin, Nurul Azyani Zafirah Sabatira, Febryani Shofia Khairunnisa Siti Nur Aisah Solapari, Nuryati Suciati, Ranila Sulastri Sulastri Suriaamadja, Toto Tohir Surya Anom Sutriyani Adinda Putri Tiara Destia Herman Trixi Karinina Dewi Sindhutomo Utami, Kery Wafdaa Taaz Hafsari Putri Wardatun Naddifah Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius WICAKSONO, AGUNG SATRIO Widya Jusu Adeningtyas Wijaya, Dani Wilda Riva Fadhilah Yeliana Septiani Noor Yoga Yuniadi Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yoshi Daud Shimada Yuliatiningsih, Aryuni