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Journal : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

 1 
STATE CAPACITY IN LAND MANAGEMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA-SINGAPORE Syahrial, Ony; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Desember
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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Land and spatial governance constitute strategic policy domains for ensuring sustainable and equitable development. This study aims to analyze differences in state capacity between Indonesia and Singapore in managing land and spatial planning and to examine their implications for policy effectiveness and land-related conflicts. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive–comparative design, employing a literature review of academic publications, policy documents, and reports from national and international institutions. The analysis focuses on four key dimensions of state capacity: regulatory framework, institutional arrangements, policy implementation, and oversight mechanisms.The findings indicate that although Indonesia possesses a relatively comprehensive regulatory framework through Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, its state capacity in implementation remains constrained by fragmented authority under decentralization, weak cross-sectoral coordination, and inconsistent law enforcement. In contrast, Singapore demonstrates a high level of state capacity through a centralized spatial planning system managed by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), strong state control over land ownership, and consistent long-term planning instruments, notably the Concept Plan and Master Plan. These conditions contribute to a high degree of legal certainty and a significant reduction in land-use conflicts. This study concludes that state capacity is a critical determinant of effective land and spatial governance and offers policy-relevant insights for strengthening spatial governance in Indonesia.
ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DIGITALIZATION IN INDONESIA AND SOUTH KOREA Saputro, Rio Asmoro; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Desember
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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The rapid advancement of digital technology has triggered profound transformations in public administration systems across the world. Public administration digitalization is no longer understood merely as the application of information technology to public services, but rather as a comprehensive bureaucratic reform encompassing changes in administrative processes, service delivery mechanisms, institutional coordination, and the relationship between government and citizens. Digitalization has become a strategic instrument to enhance governmental effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accountability, while simultaneously improving the overall quality of public services. Indonesia and South Korea are two countries that have actively adopted public administration digitalization policies, yet they demonstrate different levels of maturity, readiness, and achievement. This study aims to analyze and compare the implementation of public administration digitalization in Indonesia and South Korea by focusing on policy frameworks, digital infrastructure development, service integration, and the capacity of public sector human resources. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a comparative approach. Data were collected through literature review and document analysis, drawing from national and international academic journals, reports from international organizations, and official government publications from both Indonesia and South Korea. Data analysis was conducted through systematic stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that South Korea has achieved a more advanced level of public administration digitalization than Indonesia, particularly in terms of integrated digital public services, equitable digital infrastructure development, and highly competent public sector human resources. In contrast, Indonesia continues to face significant challenges, including regional digital disparities, weak inter-agency coordination, limited system integration, and constrained bureaucratic capacity in managing digital transformation. This study is expected to contribute to policy evaluation and provide strategic references for strengthening public administration digitalization in Indonesia.
STRENGTHENING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH DIGITAL GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA AND SOUTH KOREA Khasanah Septi Aningrum, Uswatun; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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Digital governance has become a central strategy for strengthening public service delivery and improving governance quality in contemporary public administration. This article examines how digital governance reforms shape public service delivery in Indonesia and South Korea through a systematic literature review and comparative analysis. The study aims to identify similarities, differences, and transferable lessons between the two countries by synthesizing existing research on bureaucratic reform, e-government initiatives, and governance outcomes. A systematic review was conducted on peer-reviewed journal articles, policy reports, and publications from international organizations indexed in major academic databases over the last two decades. The analysis applies a thematic synthesis approach to classify findings across governance reforms, bureaucratic capacity, anti-corruption efforts, and digital public service innovation. The review shows that while both countries demonstrate strong political commitment to digitalization, South Korea has achieved more coherent and integrated outcomes due to its merit-based bureaucracy, centralized coordination, and long-term digital strategy. Indonesia, in contrast, continues to face challenges related to institutional fragmentation, uneven administrative capacity, and implementation gaps. This article contributes to comparative public administration by linking digital governance with bureaucratic performance and governance quality in two Asian democracies. It also provides context-sensitive policy implications for strengthening digital public services in developing countries.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN INDONESIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM: A LITERATURE REVIEW COMPARING SYSTEMS AND GOVERNANCE PRACTICES: Mustafrida; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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This article aims to compare public administration systems in Indonesia and the United States through a literature-based study. Using a descriptive-comparative approach, the study analyzes bureaucratic structures, systems of government, administrative reform trajectories, and their implications for public service delivery. The United States represents a mature federal and liberal administrative tradition, while Indonesia reflects a developing democratic system with a strong legacy of centralized bureaucracy. Data were collected from classical public administration literature, international academic journals, and official government documents from both countries. The findings show that differences in constitutional structure, political systems, and administrative culture significantly influence bureaucratic organization and public service performance. While the United States emphasizes decentralization, managerial autonomy, and accountability, Indonesia continues to balance bureaucratic control with ongoing reforms toward transparency and service orientation. The study concludes that administrative reform must be contextual and institutionally grounded, and that cross-national learning should be adapted rather than directly adopted. This article contributes to comparative public administration literature by highlighting structural and governance-based explanations for variations in public service outcomes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGHER EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION INDONESIA–USA Khoiria, Lailatul; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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This article examines the comparative characteristics of higher education administration in Indonesia and the United States from the perspective of public administration. Using a library research method with a descriptive-comparative approach, this study analyzes bureaucratic structures, systems of governance, administrative reforms, and their implications for public service delivery in higher education. Indonesia represents a centralized-decentralized hybrid model with strong ministerial control, while the United States reflects a decentralized and market-oriented governance system. The findings show that differences in bureaucratic traditions, political systems, and administrative reforms significantly influence institutional autonomy, accountability mechanisms, and service quality. The Indonesian system emphasizes national standardization and equity, whereas the U.S. system prioritizes institutional autonomy, competition, and innovation. This study contributes to comparative public administration literature by providing insights into how administrative structures shape higher education governance and public service outcomes.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, COMPARATIVE STUDY, INDONESIA, GERMANY Khairunnisa, Rahma; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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Environmental policy and sustainable development have become central issues in modern governance as ecological pressures from development activities continue to intensify. This article aims to analyze and compare environmental policy and sustainable development in Indonesia and Germany using a descriptive–comparative approach based on a literature review. Indonesia, as a developing country with abundant natural resources, faces serious challenges in environmental management, while Germany, as a developed country, is widely recognized as a pioneer in environmental policy and sustainable energy transition. Drawing on classical public administration literature, international academic journals, and official government documents from both countries, this article examines policy frameworks, institutional arrangements, policy instruments, and the implications of environmental policy for sustainable development. The findings indicate that differences in political context, economic structure, and institutional capacity significantly influence policy effectiveness. This study is expected to contribute conceptually and practically to the development of environmental policy in Indonesia through comparative policy learning.
COMPARISON OF INDONESIAN AND PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS IN DEALING WITH AI DISRUPTION IN ASEAN Azzahro, Syahda; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public sector has become the main engine of bureaucratic efficiency by 2026. This research aims to critically dissect the regulatory readiness and public administration capacity of Indonesia and the Philippines in welcoming ASEAN leadership 2026. Using a qualitative-comparative approach, this study compares policies such as Presidential Decree No. 82 of 2023 in Indonesia and the National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0 in the Philippines. The results show that Indonesia excels in the availability of large public datasets through the SPBE system and the INA Digital portal, but still faces the challenges of rigid cross-sectoral coordination and AI regulations that are not yet legally binding. In contrast, the Philippines has demonstrated regulatory agility through a networked governance model and has mandated an Algorithmic Impact Assessment to mitigate the risk of algorithmic bias. The study concludes that synchronization between data sovereignty and international collaboration is crucial for modern bureaucracies in Southeast Asia to protect citizens' rights amid technological disruption.
COMPARISON OF THE INDONESIAN AND JAPANESE EDUCATION SYSTEMS Ukrimah, Siti; Aminullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach

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This study aims to analyze the comparison between the education systems of Indonesia and Japan, focusing on aspects such as curriculum structure, teacher quality, teaching methods, evaluation systems, technology integration, school culture, and government policies. The research uses a qualitative approach with a comparative study method through literature analysis from various sources such as scientific journals, government policy documents, and international organization reports for the period 2020-2024. The theories used include George Bereday's Theory of Comparative Education, Bronfenbrenner's Theory of Educational Ecology, and Michael Lipsky's Theory of Policy Implementation as the analytical framework. The results of the study show fundamental differences between the two education systems, where Japan has a more structured, consistent, and coherent system with highly selective teacher recruitment, proven effective Lesson Study and Problem-Solving-based learning methods, and a strong school culture that instills values of discipline and responsibility. Meanwhile, Indonesia's Merdeka Curriculum offers greater flexibility and autonomy, but faces challenges such as disparities in quality between regions, gaps in teacher competence, and inconsistencies in policy implementation. Japanese students consistently outperform Indonesian students in international tests such as PISA, reflecting the effectiveness of their education system. However, the Japanese system also has weaknesses in the form of extremely high academic pressure due to intense entrance exam competition. This study recommends that Indonesia can learn from Japan's best practices by improving teacher recruitment selectivity, developing a culture of professional collaboration, strengthening integrated character education, and equalizing the quality of education, while still considering Indonesia's unique social, cultural, and geographical context. Smart and gradual adaptation is more important than the direct application of the Japanese system, which may not be suitable for local conditions in Indonesia. Educational transformation requires a long-term commitment from all stakeholders and should not be influenced solely by political dynamics.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Muhammad Lutfi Abdurrahman, Ayyub Ade Faizin Agus Budiyanto Agussalam Ahmad Syafi’i Aisyah, Suci Ananda, Delia Dwi Andi Wahyuni Andi Wahyuni Ardiansyah, Riswandi Ari Fahry Aslikha Azzahro, Syahda Basir, Zhafira Bima Aditya Saputra Bimasri, John Chairul Adhim Darwis, Kurniati Delviani Peruge Devi Ningrum Sintawati Dewi Purnama Windasari Dian Irvan Nanda Distya Riski Hapsari Dwi Ananda, Delia Dwipayana, Pramesti Dzikrillah, Herry Muhammad E. Y. Purwani Elni Putri Olifia Kumape Erdita Wulandari Etty Safriyani Febi Febrianto Febrianto, Febi Fikar, Ziaul Fitriani Fitriyah Hamzah Gassing, A. Qadir Hanifah, Ishmah harits17, abdul Hasmawati Herman Syah Hidayati, Gina Nurul Holidi Holilur Rahman Ilham Syam Indriani Irawan, Muhammad Irnajuliana Iznilillah, Wilna JAMALUDIN Jufri Khairunnisa, Rahma Khasanah Septi Aningrum, Uswatun Khoiria, Lailatul Kurniawan Kurniawan, M. Fakih Lalu Sapta Wijaya Kusuma Lalu Suprawesta Lia Amalia Lisa Kurnia Syam Mahenra, Tegar Marilini, Dewi Ayu Mochamad Dicky Firmansyah Moh. Rofik Mohamad Zaenudin Mohammad Abdul Aziz Alwahedi Mohammad Firmansyah Muh. Sahlan Zamaa Muhammad Amin Muhammad Durrin Ni’am Muhammad Edi Gunawan Muhammad Hatta Muhammad Muslih Muhammad Nur Ihsan Hamin Muhith Munir, Ahmad Sirojul Murniati, Nely Musdalifah Mustafrida Muttaqin, Faiz Zaenal Noli Novidahlia Nurdin Nursalam Nursalsabila, Putri Nurul Syahira Pertiwi, Sri Rejeki Retna Puji Rahayu Putri, Eka Lidia Rambe, Muhammad Ikbal Rausyan Fikri Renaldi M Sabriadi Sadali Sadiah, Aliya Tu Sagaf, Umar Salsabilah, Siti Kamilah Saputro, Rio Asmoro Sari, Amelia Nurlaelasari Sari, Berliana Mustika Sekar Arum, Saudatina Selasni, Ismi Septian, Willyandi Sinta Siti Nurhalimah Siti Rahmawati Sofyanthinus Donuhulu Suarni Subakti Subhan, Ega Saiful Sukarman Sukarman Sulaiman Suradi, Alivia Veditami Sya'ban, Fadhila Syahri Syahrial, Ony Syaiful Anam Syarif, Muhammad Fazlurrahman Syarifoeddin, Elya Wibawa Titi Rohmayanti Tryani Ukrimah, Siti Wardana Wardhana Winanda, Anggi Winda Agustin Wira Setiawan Zachrani Fitra Ramadhani