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All Journal Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Diglossia Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology International Journal of Local Economic Governance Erudio: Journal of Educational Innovation EDUCAFL : E-Journal of Education of English as a Foreign Language Jurnal Humanitas Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Journal on English as a Foreign Language (JEFL) Proceeding of International Conference on Teacher Training and Education JEES (Journal of English Educators Society) Edcomtech Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan English and Literature Journal Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics Indonesian EFL Journal SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Linguista: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pembelajarannya Hasta Wiyata Al-Qalam MABASAN NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) The Journal of Society and Media AlphabetAlphabet: A Biannual Academic Journal on Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Jurnal Kadera Bahasa Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) English Learning Innovation (englie) Kode : Jurnal Bahasa Jurnal bahasa, sastra, seni, dan pengajarannya Jurnal Gramaswara: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) Studies in English Language and Education Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif Jurnal Budaya Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy Jurnal bahasa, sastra, seni, dan pengajarannya
Esti Junining
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : English Learning Innovation (englie)

 1 
Subtitling cultural-specific items (CSIs): Strategies and quality in Induk Gajah Tsani, Alfi Rianis; Hariyanto, Sugeng; Junining, Esti
English Learning Innovation Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/englie.v7i1.42609

Abstract

In the era of globalization, films served as influential audiovisual media for representing cultural values. However, subtitling Cultural-Specific Items (CSIs) presents linguistic and cultural challenges that affect meaning accuracy and audience acceptability. This study examined how CSIs are represented in the English subtitles of the Indonesian series Induk Gajah, with the aims of classifying the types of CSIs, identifying the subtitling strategies used, and assessing subtitle quality. A descriptive qualitative design with content analysis was employed, drawing on Newmark’s (2010) CSI categories, Pedersen’s (2011) subtitling strategies, and Pedersen’s (2017) FAR model. The analysis identified 149 CSIs across six categories, with personal life (67) and social life (50) being the most frequent, particularly kinship terms, food references, and social expressions rooted in Batak culture. Substitution was the most common strategy (66), followed by retention (25), direct translation (18), omission (17), generalization (14), and specification (9). The findings suggest a dominance of target-language-oriented strategies, prioritizing audience comprehension. Regarding quality, 85 subtitles showed no penalties, while 57 revealed issues with functional equivalence, particularly in culturally dense expressions.
Subtitling strategies in audiovisual translation: A case study of Cultural-Specific Items in Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap Tsani, Alfi Rianis; Junining, Esti; Hariyanto, Sugeng
English Learning Innovation Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/englie.v7i1.42612

Abstract

Audiovisual translation (AVT) plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges of translating Cultural-Specific Items (CSIs) within film subtitles. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the translation procedures employed to render CSIs in the Indonesian film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, 150 CSIs were extracted from the film’s Indonesian-English subtitles. Each item was analysed using Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) classification of translation procedures and evaluated through Pedersen’s (2017) FAR model to assess subtitle quality in terms of functional equivalence, acceptability, and readability. The results show that seven procedures were applied: equivalence, borrowing, transposition, adaptation, calque, modulation, and literal translation. Equivalence was the most dominant strategy, reflecting the subtitler’s effort to convey culturally embedded meanings in a manner that remains accessible to global audiences. Borrowing frequently occurred when referring to Batak culture-specific expressions that had no direct English equivalents, helping to preserve authenticity despite potential reductions in acceptability. Transposition and adaptation supported grammatical clarity and functional meaning, while calque, modulation, and literal translation appeared infrequently due to their tendency to affect naturalness and readability. The study offers practical insights into how translation procedures affect subtitle quality and highlights the importance of culturally informed decision-making in AVT. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of subtitling strategies in Indonesian regional cinema and provide a foundation for further research on cultural mediation in multilingual audiovisual contexts.
Co-Authors Abd Syakur Abd. Syakur Agus Wahyudi Alies Poetri Linta, Alies Poetri Alif , Sony Amatullah, Aidha Azizah Andik Yuliyanto Ani Setianingrum Aniesa Haque Ayu Annissa Manystighosa Annissa Manystighosa Aulanni’am Baso Marannu Chojimah, Nurul Chojimah, Nurul Degeng, Putu Dian Danayanti Devi Kurniasari Riyadi Devinta Puspita Ratri Dian Novita Dewi, Dian Novita Didik Hartono Didik Hartono Didik Hartono Dini Adriani Effendi bin Mohamad Emy Sudarwati Era Basriana Ermy Dikta Sumanik Ervan Kus Indarto Femi Eka Rahmawati Finanda Nur Faradila Finanda Nur Faradila Galuh Adelia Setiawanda Hamamah, Hamamah HAMAMAH, M.Pd. Hazlina Abdullah Herawati Herawati Herawati Hidayati, Amalia Safitri Hilda Yustitiasari Husein Furqani Attamimy Ika Nurhayani Inayah Ahyana Rohmawati Indhiarti, Tantri Refa Irine Cyntia Firdasari Ismatul Khasanah Ismatul Khasanah Isti Purwaningtyas Isti Purwaningtyas, Isti Iswahyuni *, Iswahyuni Ive Emaliana Kusuma, Vidi A.M.C Laode Darmin Lusi Susanti M. Khusni Mubarok Ma, Ling Margana Margana Margarana Michele Hitijahubessy Mochamad Faizal Mohtarom Moh. Hasbullah Isnaini Nila Firdausi Nuzula Nofan Rickyawan Nofan Rickyawan Nuria Setiarini Nurul Chojimah Nurul Chojimah N’imatul Lailiyah Oktavianty, Oke Oni Dwi Arianto Pratnyawati Nuridi Suwarso Pratnyawati Nuridi Suwarso, Pratnyawati Nuridi Putri Arthadea Khansa Rima Firdaus Robiatul Adawiyah Robiatul Adawiyah Roosi Rusmawati Sa'adah, Alfiyatus Sabat, Yulianto Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Sahiruddin Setiarini, Nuria Shafira Shaberina Sigit Prawoto Silmi, Muh. Rajib SONYA BRINDA Sri Endah Tabiati sri endah tabiati Sri Herminingrum Sri Herminingrum Sri Suhartini Sri Wardani Sugeng Hariyanto Sugiono Sugirin Sugirin SUPRAPTO Supriyadi, Francisca Akhidnasiwi Syariful Muttaqin Tabiati, Sri Endah Tsani, Alfi Rianis VIKA AGUSTINA Vika Agustina Wahyu Pratama Alamsyah Widya Caterine Perdhani Widya Caterine Perdhani Wilda Fizriyani Yudi Setiawan Yulia Hapsari Yulianto Sabat Yulianto, Wawan Eko Zuliati Rohmah, Zuliati