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Joni Joni
IKIP Veteran Semarang
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Journal : building of informatics technology and science

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Revisiting SMOTE in Balanced Medical Data: A Comparative Evaluation of SVM, Random Forest, and KNN Kohsasih, Kelvin Leonardi; Joni, Joni; Herman, Herman; Octaviandy, Pieter
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 7 No 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v7i3.8471

Abstract

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making data-driven early detection crucial for supporting medical decision-making systems. A major challenge in developing heart disease prediction models is dataset quality, including the often imbalanced class distribution, which can impact the performance of classification algorithms. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) on the performance of three classification algorithms: Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The dataset used is heart_disease50.csv with 4,001 patient data consisting of 21 predictor attributes and one target variable (heart disease status: “Yes” or “No”) with a relatively balanced class distribution. The research process includes data preprocessing (data cleaning, normalization, and encoding), data partitioning using Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation (k=5), applying SMOTE to training data, building a classification model, and evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC metrics. The results showed that applying SMOTE did not always improve performance. The SVC model with SMOTE experienced a decrease in accuracy (0.4819) compared to the one without SMOTE (0.5106), while Random Forest remained relatively stable with insignificant differences (0.4669 without SMOTE and 0.4644 with SMOTE). KNN with SMOTE emerged as the best model with an accuracy of 0.5268 and a precision of 0.5271, although the AUC-ROC remained the same as KNN without SMOTE (0.5135). Overall, these results confirm that the effectiveness of SMOTE is highly dependent on dataset conditions, and in cases with relatively balanced data, SMOTE does not provide significant benefits. Therefore, improving the performance of heart disease prediction classification is recommended through hyperparameter optimization strategies, relevant feature selection, or the use of more sophisticated algorithms such as Gradient Boosting or Neural Networks.
Co-Authors , Meythi -, Hanny Afrizal Martin Agustian, Andry Ahmadi, Dedi Aiyuda, Nurul Ajub Ajulian ZM Alamsyah, Andea Alfatiri, Akrim Mualif Algifari, Muhammad Habib Alim, Melvi Alim, Melvi Lemanna Alim, Melvi Lesmmana Amin Yusi Nur Sa’ida Amir Syamsudin Andik Setiyono Andika Triansyah Andreas Andoyo Andy Andy Anggie Sinthiya, Ida Ayu Putu Anifah, Siti Arif Mudi Priyatno Asmarani, Zulfa Astuti - Atmaja, Satriya Berland Awang Pradana, Awang Badriyah, Umu Bambang Winardi Bao Giang, Phan Batistuta, Feren Farah Focket Brigita, Brigita Brilliant, Muhamad Busroh, Firman Freaddy Chandra Chandra Citra Ayu, Citra Daniati, Helmi Daulay , Musnar Indra David David Debbianita Destiati, Dita Dharmasetiawan, Johannes Buntoro Didi Suryadi Didik Aryanto Dina Fitria, Dina Dwi Elsi Flora, Dwi Elsi Eddy, Endah Purnama Sari edi edi Efriana Jon, Efriana Elfiswandi, Elfiswandi Elfrida Ratnawati Elyzabet Indrawati Marpaung Endang Wahyuni Eri Yanti Erwin Fachry Abda El Rahman Fauziah, Raihani Febriani, Nia Fira Juwita Firmansyah Firmansyah FITRIANI, PIPIT Ghustav D., Claudio Goiyardi, David Gultom, Putriyani Gustaman, Rian Arie Habibi, Liswan Hady, Hamdy Hasianna, Winda Riama Hastriati, Ade Yelda Hestina, Rina Iis Aprinawati, Iis Indrawan, Wawan Inggrit Wijaya, Liliana Ivanna, Gebrella Nadia Fiorin Tantya Jabar, Yahya Abdul Jamilah, Fitrotin Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Johanes Terang Kita Perangin Angin Jonathan Liviera Marpaung Judijanto, Loso Junita, Imelda Kanti Lestari Kelvin Leonardi Kohsasih Khotib, Ahmad Khun, Loo Teck Kisna Pertiwi, Kisna Lauw Tjun Tjun Lidya Agustina lina marlina, lina Lisanti, Darmanina Listianingsih, Listianingsih m, Mardiyanto M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Manik, Desma Erica Maryati Mardiyanto Mardiyanto Maria Natalia, Maria Martin, Afrizal martin, Afrizal martin Masrul Masrul Maya Malinda Meilawati, Dewi Melia Eka Daryati Melvi Lesmana Alim Meythi, Meythi Mohammad Fauziddin Mufarizuddin Muhammad Fachrurrozi Bafadal Mujiwati, Mujiwati Mulyasari, Rini Murmanto, Imanuel Revelino Musnar Indra Daulay Muthmainah Muthmainah Nadila, Putri Nainggolan, Elisabeth Najla, Najla Nanda, Adi Prasetia Nasrulloh, Agus Ahmad Nasution, Itto Nesyia Nelti Rizka Nenggolan, Rusmiyati Nopal, Zacky M. Novita Andriyani Novita Andriyani Nugraha, Aldi Nur Fitriyani Nurhasanah, Elis Nurmaliah, Ima Nurmalina Nurmalina, Nurmalina Nurullah, Fajar Perdana Oktavian, Fajar Paridah Paridah Permata, Manja Dwi Pertiwi, Novalia Pieter Octaviandy, Pieter Poppy Amalia Pranata, Ilham Priyono Priyono Puji Astuti Putri, Rara Eka Qowiyul Iman, Rifqi Rafa, Mukhamad Rahayu, Rika Raihani Fauziah, Raihani Fauziah Rapina Rapina . Ratna Sari Revelino, Imanuel Rifky Riyandi Prastyawan Riki Martusa Rini Hartati Rizki Amalia Rizki Ananda Sabar Sabar Santy Setiawan Saputri, Eka Delfiani Sartina, Nur Sarwandi, Sarwandi Setiawan Assegaf Siahaan, Franky Siamah, Noor Sie, Inri Imelix Silitonga, Jonathan Silverius S, Hotlas Silvia Sutejo, Bertha Sinaga, Hendra Sinta Setiana Sinta, Dewi Siregar, Annisa I. Hafifa Siti Farida Sriyatin, Sriyatin Sukmawati, Heni Sulistiyowati, Sriyani Sumianto Sumianto Suniarti, Nining Suratno Suratno Surya Setyawan Susi Saidah, Susi Saidah Suyono Suyono Tan Kwang En Tan Ming Kuang Tatiana, Tatiana Teguh Prasandy, Teguh Trisna Wijaya Ulfah Khofifah, Sari Ulva, Maria Untarti, Dade Prat Videlia Sumbodo, Karen W, Widianto Wahyu Sulistianing Budi Widalicin Januarty Widianto Widianto Wijaya, Robby Willie Kurnijanto, Aldo Wilson Wilson Witri Suwanto Wiwik Handayani Wiwik Yunitaningrum Wuddatul Hisniah, Dita Wuddatul Hisniah Yanti Mulyanti, Yanti Mulyanti Yenda Puspita Yenni Fitra Surya Yulastri, Yeyen Yulia, Mila Yusi Nur Sa'ida, Amin Zulhendri Zulhendri