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All Journal Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law SIGn Jurnal Hukum Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Clavia: Journal of Law
Siti Zubaidah
Bosowa University Faculty Of Law
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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ANALISIS HUKUM PENYERTAAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK Andi Nur Ilmi Batari; Siti Zubaidah; Hajriana Hajriana
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9964

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk penyertaan dalam tindak pidana penganiayaan yang mengakibatkan kematian oleh anak serta pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan pada perkara Nomor 52/Pid.Sus-Anak/2024/PN Mks. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, analisis terhadap putusan pengadilan, serta wawancara dengan hakim yang menangani perkara tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk penyertaan dalam perkara ini meliputi pelaku (pleger) dan turut serta melakukan (medepleger). Anak Pelaku I dikualifikasikan sebagai pelaku karena secara langsung melakukan tindakan kekerasan yang memenuhi unsur delik, sedangkan Anak Pelaku II dan Anak Pelaku III dikualifikasikan sebagai turut serta melakukan karena secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam rangkaian kekerasan terhadap korban. Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana didasarkan pada aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis, dengan memperhatikan alat bukti yang sah, kondisi para pelaku yang masih berstatus anak, serta tujuan pemidanaan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak yang menitikberatkan pada pembinaan dan perlindungan anak. This study aims to analyze the forms of participation in the crime of child abuse resulting in death and the judge's legal considerations in issuing a verdict in case Number 52/Pid.Sus-Anak/2024/PN Mks. This study is a normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach. Data sources were obtained through literature studies, analysis of court decisions, and interviews with the judge handling the case. The results of the study indicate that the forms of participation in this case include perpetrators (pleger) and participants (medepleger). Child Perpetrator I is qualified as a perpetrator because he directly committed an act of violence that fulfills the elements of the crime, while Child Perpetrator II and Child Perpetrator III are qualified as participants because they actively participated in the series of violence against the victim. The judge's considerations in imposing criminal sanctions are based on legal, sociological, and philosophical aspects, by taking into account valid evidence, the condition of the perpetrators who are still children, and the purpose of punishment in the juvenile criminal justice system which emphasizes the development and protection of children.
ANALISIS KRIMINOLOGIS TINDAK PIDANA INFORMASI ELEKTRONIK YANG MELANGGAR KESUSILAAN Dzakiyyah Alaodia Busainah; Ruslan Renggong; Siti Zubaidah
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9975

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya distribusi konten yang melanggar kesusilaan serta upaya penanggulangannya oleh aparat penegak hukum dan pemerintah daerah di Kota Makassar. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris menggunakan jenis dan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi lapangan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran konten melanggar kesusilaan dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya literasi digital,relasi personal yang tidak sehat,serta dorongan emosional publik. Penanggulangan dilakukan melalui penegakan UU ITE oleh kepolisian serta upaya preventif berupa edukasi dan penyediaan kanal aduan “Lontara Plus” oleh Diskominfo. This study aims to determine the factors causing the distribution of content that violates morality and the efforts to overcome it by law enforcement officers and local governments in Makassar City. This type of research is normative-empirical legal research using primary and secondary data types and sources. Data collection techniques were carried out using a statutory regulatory approach and field studies. The data obtained were then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that the spread of content that violates morality is influenced by low digital literacy, unhealthy personal relationships, and public emotional drives. Mitigation is carried out through enforcement of the ITE Law by the police and preventive efforts in the form of education and the provision of a complaint channel "Lontara Plus" by the Communication and Information Service.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA LAPORAN PALSU OLEH AKADEMISI DI KOTA MAKASSAR Eko Suryanto Malaleo; Ruslan Renggong; Siti Zubaidah
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9976

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur-unsur tindak pidana laporan palsu dan menganalisis pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap terdakwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, yang dianalisis secara yuridis, non-yuridis, dan sosiologis berdasarkan fakta-fakta persidangan dan alat bukti yang sah menurut hukum. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa unsur “barangsiapa” terpenuhi karena terdakwa merupakan subjek hukum yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana dan unsur “memberitahukan atau mengadukan perbuatan pidana yang diketahui tidak terjadi” juga terpenuhi, karena terdakwa melaporkan saksi korban atas dugaan penghinaan hingga korban sempat menjadi tersangka, namun akhirnya tidak ditemukan cukup bukti.  Hasil dari analisis pertimbangan hukum hakim juga menunjukkan bahwa dakwaan alternatif pertama terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan. Hal ini didukung oleh fakta persidangan, keterangan saksi dan ahli, barang bukti yang saling bersesuaian, sehingga menjadi dasar Majelis Hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan dan pidana yang adil serta proporsional. This study aims to analyze the elements of the crime of false reports and analyze the judge's legal considerations in handing down the defendant's verdict. This study uses a normative empirical legal research method with a statutory and case approach, which is analyzed juridically, non-juridically, and sociologically based on trial facts and legally valid evidence. The results indicate that the "whoever" element is fulfilled because the defendant is a legal subject who can be held criminally responsible. The element of "notifying or reporting a criminal act known not to have occurred" is also fulfilled, because the defendant reported the victim-witness for alleged insults, leading to the victim being named a suspect, but ultimately insufficient evidence was found. The results of the analysis of the judge's legal considerations also indicate that the first alternative charge was legally and convincingly proven. This is supported by trial facts, witness and expert testimony, and consistent evidence, providing the basis for the Panel of Judges to impose a just and proportionate verdict and sentence.
IMPLEMENTASI SANKSI PIDANA ADAT TERHADAP PELAKU PERZINAHAN BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF ADAT TORAJA Jenry Anti Patangke; Siti Zubaidah; Ruslan Mustari
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9979

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang implementasi sanksi pidana adat tana’ terhadap tindak perzinaan di Kabupaten Toraja Utara dan hambatan yang dihadapi dalam penerapan sanksi pidana adat tana’. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah empiris. Dengan sumber data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder dari studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Bokin, dan Lembang Limbong dengan melakukan wawancara dengan tokoh adat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan perspektif masyarakat Toraja seseorang dikatakan berzina apabila seorang laki-laki dan wanita melakukan hubungan suami istri padahal salah satu dari mereka telah mengikatkan diri dalam rampanan kapa’. Bagi pelaku perzinahan dikenakan sanksi berupa denda kapa’ disertai dengan ritual penyucian seperti ma’ rambu langi’ atau di dosa untuk memulihkan keseimbangan magis. Besaran nilai denda kapa’ ditentukan oleh stratifikasi sosial (tana’) para pihak. Proses penegakan sanksi dilakukan melalui mekanisme musyawarah yang melibatkan fungsionaris adat, pihak yang berselisih, keluarga, serta saksi-saksi. Namun, dalam penerapan sanksi pidana adat tana’ ini juga menemukan adanya kendala, terutama ketika pelaku memiliki keterbatasan ekonomi atau secara sengaja menghindari tanggung jawab. Hal ini menyebabkan keputusan lembaga adat sering kali sulit untuk dilaksanakan secara penuh. This study examines the implementation of customary criminal sanctions (tana') for adultery in North Toraja Regency and the obstacles faced in implementing customary criminal sanctions (tana'). The type of research used is empirical. With primary data sources obtained through interviews, while secondary data from literature studies. This research was conducted in Bokin Village and Lembang Limbong by conducting interviews with traditional leaders. The results of the study indicate that from the perspective of the Toraja community, someone is said to have committed adultery if a man and woman have sexual relations even though one of them has bound themselves in rampanan kapa'. For perpetrators of adultery, sanctions are imposed in the form of a kapa' fine accompanied by purification rituals such as ma'rambu langi' or di dosa to restore magical balance. The amount of the kapa' fine is determined by the social stratification (tana') of the parties. The process of enforcing sanctions is carried out through a deliberation mechanism involving traditional functionaries, disputing parties, families, and witnesses. However, the implementation of these customary criminal sanctions also faces obstacles, particularly when perpetrators have limited financial means or intentionally avoid responsibility. This often makes it difficult to fully implement the decisions of customary institutions.
PENERAPAN SILA’ PAKANDEAN TERHADAP PELAKU PERUSAKAN MAKAM DI KABUPATEN TORAJA UTARA Jeslin Novia; Siti Zubaidah; Ruslan Mustari
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9980

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan sanksi adat Sila’ Pakandean terhadap pelaku perusakan makam di Kabupaten Toraja Utara serta mengkaji bentuk pertimbangan lembaga adat dan keluarga korban dalam menentukan jenis sanksi adat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, yaitu melihat hukum dalam artian nyata dengan meneliti bagaimana bekerjanya hukum dilingkungan masyarakat. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan To Parengnge’, hakim adat, dan masyarakat disertai observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi adat Sila’ Pakandean dilaksanakan melalui musyawarah adat (rapu’) yang menekankan pemulihan keseimbangan sosial, penghormatan terhadap leluhur, serta perdamaian antara pelaku dan keluarga korban. Pertimbangan utama dalam penentuan sanksi meliputi tingkat pelanggaran, dampak sosial, serta kesepakatan komunitas adat. Dengan demikian, sanksi adat Sila’ Pakandean berfungsi sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian konflik yang efektif dalam menjaga keharmonisan masyarakat Toraja serta melestarikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. This research aims to analyze the customary sanctions of the Sila' Pakandean against perpetrators of tomb destruction in North Toraja Regency and examine the considerations of customary institutions and the victims' families in determining the type of customary sanctions. The research method used is empirical juridical, namely examining law in its concrete meaning by examining how it operates within the community. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with To Parengnge', customary judges, and the community, accompanied by observation and documentation. The results of the study indicate that  the implementation of the customary sanctions of the Sila' Pakandean is carried out through customary deliberation (rapu') which emphasizes restoring social balance, respect for ancestors, and reconciliation between the perpetrators and the victims' families. The main considerations in determining sanctions include the severity of the violation, the social impact, and the agreement of the indigenous community. Therefore, the Sila' Pakandean customary sanctions serve as an effective conflict resolution mechanism in maintaining harmony within the Torajan community and preserving local wisdom.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DI KEPOLISIAN DAERAH SULAWESI SELATAN M. Nurul Hadi hasan; Ruslan Renggong; Siti Zubaidah
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9985

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan dan efektivitas keadilan restoratif dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana ringan di Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara dengan penyidik serta analisis data perkara, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode Januari 2024–Juni 2025 tercatat lebih dari 150 perkara tindak pidana ringan yang didominasi pelanggaran minuman beralkohol, dan sebagian besar diselesaikan melalui mekanisme vonis pengadilan. Berdasarkan teori efektivitas hukum, keadilan restoratif belum efektif secara struktural dan institusional karena frekuensi penerapannya masih sangat terbatas. Namun demikian, keadilan restoratif terbukti efektif secara substantif pada perkara tertentu karena mampu mempercepat penyelesaian perkara, mengurangi beban sistem peradilan, serta memulihkan hubungan sosial antara pelaku dan korban. Rendahnya efektivitas implementatif dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan pedoman operasional, orientasi aparat yang masih dominan retributif, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat, serta belum optimalnya dukungan sarana dan prasarana. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas aparat, penyusunan prosedur yang lebih komprehensif, dan peningkatan sosialisasi agar keadilan restoratif dapat diterapkan secara lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. This study examines the application and effectiveness of restorative justice in addressing minor crimes within the South Sulawesi Regional Police. The study employs an empirical legal method with a descriptive, qualitative approach, utilizing interviews with investigators and analyzing case data, legislation, and related literature. The results show that from January 2024 to June 2025, there were more than 150 minor criminal cases, predominantly involving alcohol violations, and most were resolved through court verdicts. Based on legal effectiveness theory, restorative justice is not yet structurally and institutionally effective because its frequency of application is still very limited. However, restorative justice has proven to be substantively effective in certain cases, as it can accelerate case resolution, reduce the burden on the judicial system, and help restore social relations between perpetrators and victims. The low level of implementation effectiveness is influenced by limited operational guidelines, the predominantly retributive orientation of officials, low public understanding, and suboptimal support in terms of facilities and infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of officials, develop more comprehensive procedures, and increase public awareness so that restorative justice can be implemented more effectively and sustainably.
KAJIAN KRIMINOLOGIS PENYALAHGUNAAN SENJATA TAJAM TRADISIONAL DI  KABUPATEN SINJAI Muchlisa Fatmadani Nur; Siti Zubaidah; Ruslan Mustari
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9986

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi seseorang membawa senjata tajam di wilayah Kabupaten Sinjai, dan upaya-upaya penanganan yang diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan terkait kasus membawa senjata tajam di Kabupaten Sinjai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris, dan dilaksanakan di beberapa lokasi, yaitu Kepolisian Resor Sinjai, tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat, serta masyarakat di Kabupaten Sinjai, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Sumber data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang membawa senjata tajam meliputi: faktor keturunan dan jabatan adat, faktor sebagai pelengkap busana adat, faktor pelestarian warisan leluhur, faktor identitas diri, serta faktor perlindungan diri. Sementara itu, faktor-faktor yang memicu penyalahgunaan senjata tajam meliputi: pengaruh minuman beralkohol atau kondisi mabuk, faktor sosial, dan konflik keluarga.Selanjutnya, upaya pencegahan penyalahgunaan senjata tajam yang dilakukan oleh pihak kepolisian mencakup tindakan preventif seperti menyelenggarakan penyuluhan di sejumlah sekolah menengah atas, melaksanakan patroli dan razia, serta membangun kerja sama dengan instansi terkait seperti Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja. Di sisi lain, upaya yang dilakukan oleh tokoh masyarakat, khususnya ketua rumpun tetangga, berfokus pada pemberian edukasi kepada masyarakat dalam lingkup keluarga. This study aims to analyze the factors behind individuals carrying sharp weapons in the Sinjai Regency, and the measures implemented to address issues related to carrying sharp weapons in Sinjai Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach and was conducted in several locations, namely the Sinjai Resort Police, traditional leaders, community leaders, and the community in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The data sources used include primary and secondary data, with data collection techniques in the form of interviews. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this study reveal that the factors that cause a person to carry sharp weapons include: hereditary and traditional position factors, factors related to traditional clothing, factors related to the preservation of ancestral heritage, factors related to self-identity, and factors related to self-protection. Meanwhile, the factors that trigger the misuse of sharp weapons include: The influence of alcoholic beverages or drunkenness, social factors, and family conflicts. Furthermore, efforts to prevent the misuse of sharp weapons by the police include preventive measures such as conducting outreach programs in a number of high schools, carrying out patrols and raids, and establishing cooperation with relevant agencies such as the Civil Service Police Unit. On the other hand, efforts made by community leaders, especially neighborhood association leaders, focus on educating the community within the family sphere.
SANKSI PEMBINAAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DALAM PERKARA NARKOTIKA Putri Aprilia; Siti Zubaidah; Hajriana Hajriana
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.9997

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan sanksi pembinaan dan pelatihan kerja serta pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya keterlibatan anak dalam tindak pidana narkotika yang menuntut adanya penerapan sistem peradilan pidana anak yang mengutamakan prinsip perlindungan anak serta kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus.Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan aparat penegak hukum serta studi kepustakaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi tindakan berupa pembinaan dan pelatihan kerja telah sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Majelis hakim tidak menjatuhkan pidana penjara, melainkan memilih sanksi tindakan sebagai implementasi prinsip keadilan restoratif dan asas ultimum remedium dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak.Pertimbangan hakim didasarkan pada aspek yuridis dan non-yuridis, meliputi terpenuhinya unsur tindak pidana, usia dan kondisi psikologis anak, latar belakang sosial, serta laporan Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan. Putusan tersebut mencerminkan orientasi pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dengan menitikberatkan pada pembinaan, pemulihan, dan reintegrasi sosial. Dengan demikian, pemidanaan dalam perkara ini tidak hanya bersifat represif, tetapi juga edukatif dan rehabilitatif. This study aims to analyze the application of coaching and job training sanctions as well as the judges’ considerations in rendering decisions against children involved in narcotics-related crimes. The research is motivated by the increasing involvement of children in narcotics offenses, which requires the implementation of a juvenile criminal justice system that prioritizes the principle of child protection and the best interests of the child. The research method used is empirical juridical with statutory and case approaches. The data were obtained through interviews with law enforcement officials and literature studies. The results show that the application of action sanctions in the form of coaching and job training is in accordance with the provisions of existing laws and regulations. The panel of judges did not impose imprisonment but instead chose action sanctions as an implementation of restorative justice principles and the ultimum remedium principle within the juvenile criminal justice system. The judges’ considerations were based on both juridical and non-juridical aspects, including the fulfillment of the elements of the criminal offense, the child’s age and psychological condition, social background, and the report of the Community Counselor. The decision reflects an orientation toward the best interests of the child by emphasizing guidance, recovery, and social reintegration. Thus, the sentencing in this case is not only repressive in nature but also educational and rehabilitative.
ANALISIS HUKUM PENGGUNAAN SERTIPIKAT YANG TIDAK  SAH SEBAGAI KETERANGAN DALAM AKTA OTENTIK : Studi Putusan No. 667/Pid.B/2024/PN Mks Sriwijayanti K; Ruslan Renggong; Siti Zubaidah
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.10003

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembuktian unsur-unsur tindak pidana pemalsuan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan pernyataan palsu dalam akta otentik serta mengkaji pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana pada perkara Nomor 667/Pid.B/2024/PN Mks. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan hakim Pengadilan Negeri Makassar dan notaris di Makassar, serta studi kepustakaan berupa putusan pengadilan, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal, dan literatur hukum terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh unsur tindak pidana telah terpenuhi. Pertimbangan hakim meliputi aspek filosofis melalui penilaian alat bukti serta keadaan yang meringankan dan memberatkan terdakwa, aspek yuridis, dan aspek sosiologis dengan mempertimbangkan dampak kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Putusan tersebut dinilai telah mencerminkan kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan hukum. This study aims to analyze the proof of the elements of the crime of document forgery, particularly related to the use of false statements in an authentic deed, and to examine the judge’s legal considerations in imposing a sentence in Case Number 667/Pid.B/2024/PN Mks. This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach. The data used consist of primary and secondary data obtained through interviews with judges of the Makassar District Court and notaries in Makassar, as well as a literature study including court decisions, laws and regulations, books, journals, and other relevant legal literature. The results of the study indicate that all elements of the criminal offense as stipulated in Article 266 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Criminal Code have been fulfilled. The judge’s considerations in rendering the decision include philosophical aspects through the assessment of evidence and the mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the defendant, juridical aspects based on the provisions of Article 266 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Criminal Code, and sociological aspects by considering the potential losses caused by the defendant’s actions. Therefore, the decision is considered to reflect legal certainty, justice, and legal utility.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN Wahyu Maliku; Ruslan Renggong; Siti Zubaidah
Clavia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Faculty Of Law Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56326/clavia.v24i2.10006

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban pelaku tindak pidana penganiayaan terhadap tenaga kesehatan pada putusan nomor 12/pid.b/2025/pn.blp dan menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan analisis putusan pengadilan, sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari literatur hukum dan jurnal ilmiah. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku dalam perkara nomor 12/pid.b/2025/pn.blp telah memenuhi unsur-unsur tindak pidana penganiayaan. Unsur perbuatan terbukti melalui keterangan saksi dan visum et repertum, sedangkan unsur kesalahan terbukti dari adanya kesengajaan dalam melakukan tindakan kekerasan. Terdakwa juga terbukti memiliki kemampuan bertanggung jawab dan tidak ditemukan alasan pembenar maupun pemaaf sehingga secara yuridis pertanggungjawaban pidana telah diterapkan sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Proses pembuktian telah sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum acara pidana, sehingga secara yuridis pemidanaan dapat dibenarkan. Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana didasarkan pada aspek yuridis berupa terpenuhinya unsur tindak pidana dan alat bukti, serta aspek non-yuridis yang berkaitan dengan latar belakang terdakwa, akibat perbuatan terdakwa, kondisi diri terdakwa, dan aspek keagamaan terdakwa. This study aims to analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators in cases of assault against healthcare workers as reflected in Decision Number 12/Pid.B/2025/PN Blp, as well as to examine the judicial considerations in adjudicating the case. The research adopts a normative legal approach using statutory and case-based methods. Primary data were collected through interviews and analysis of court decisions, while secondary data were obtained from legal literature and scholarly journals. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings indicate that the defendant’s criminal liability in Decision Number 12/Pid.B/2025/PN Blp fulfills all elements of the offense of assault. The actus reus is established through witness testimonies and visum et repertum, while the mens rea is demonstrated by the intentional nature of the violent conduct. The defendant was also deemed capable of being held responsible, and no justifying or excusing circumstances were identified. Therefore, from a juridical perspective, criminal liability has been applied in accordance with applicable law. The evidentiary process complied with the provisions of criminal procedural law, thereby rendering the conviction legally justified. Furthermore, the judge’s considerations in imposing the sentence were based not only on juridical aspects, such as the fulfillment of the elements of the offense and the sufficiency of evidence, but also on non-juridical aspects, including the defendant’s background, the consequences of the act, the personal condition of the defendant, and the defendant’s moral or religious considerations.
Co-Authors Abdurahman Abdurrahman Abigael Paembonan Lee Sui Fung Adhe Cristhian L. M Alia Kalsum Almusawir, Almusawir Amiruddin Makmur Andi M Fayiz Haq Andi Nur Ilmi Batari Andi Ranting Eidleweiss Rimbaerwan Andri Nofrianto Avrila Dwi Putri Baso Madiong Basri Oner Bayu Sidik Satria Bone, Meliani Meak Deden Deni Hermawan Deden Devid Elyakim Dewi, Asrah Dwirandhi Heru Purnomo Dzakiyyah Alaodia Busainah Dzalim, Emil Eko Suryanto Malaleo Farid, Firman Fauzi Iskandar Febrianto Tangketiku Fihman, Nabila Fitriani Fitriani Gavrielly Marga Rombeallo Grand Bery Hidayat Hajriana Hajriana Hamid, Abd. Haris Hanif Dio Perdana Hasmadianto, Andi Arham Maulana Hasmawati Umrah Ivana Putri Olgariva Rerung Januari Lukas Golorem Jemmi, Jemmi Jenry Anti Patangke Jeslin Novia Juliati, Juliati Kadari, Abdul Jalil Kamri, Nurfadilah Kamsilaniah Kamsilaniah Liyana Meriska Karama M. Aswan Alimuddin M. Nurul Hadi hasan Marini Tesalonika Padandi Marwan Mas MARWAN MAS Meylinda Ratri Pramudita Rustam Muchlisa Fatmadani Nur Muh. Waliyul Akbar Muhammad Arief Wiratama Muhammad Axchel Ar Muhammad Rusli Muhammad Rusli Mustawa, Mustawa Novia, Elsha Nur Asril Jadidah Anshari Nur Faizah Abidin Nuramini Rukmana Wanti Nurwahidah Mansyur Nurwana Basri Pakulla, Appriantho Palimbong, Anre Pamelleri, Andi Chakra Pebrian Welly Pele Pongbura, Victoria Triwati Putri Aprilia Putri, Rukmanawati Reski Yanto Rezky Indah Putri Rizky, Evelina Ruslan Mustari Ruslan Renggong Ruslang Renggong Salemba, Pranata Samrin, Miranti Maharani Santing, Waspada Shadiq, M. Amil Sri Rezki Amelia S Sriwijayanti K Sukamto, Sri Suryani Sumartin, Farhan Osamah Syamsuar, Muh Sabirin Tanggo, Mutiara Sabina Putri Mancanegara Taufik, Andi Rahmi Arditha Teturan, Kluyvert Revzy Tullah, Muh Hidayat Wahyu Maliku Waris, Muhammad Reyhan Wilantara, Made Wisye Florensa Songjanan Wita Sari, Fikka Kurnia Wununara, Korneles Yuina Patandean Yulia A. Hasan Zulfikar Akbar Zulkifli Makkawaru