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From Tradition to Translation: A Systematic Review on the Pharmacological Actions of Eugenol Extracted from Ocimum Plants in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Diabetes Mellitus Permatananda, Pande Ayu Naya Kasih; I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa; I Wayan Sumardika; Made Ratna Saraswati; I Gde Suranaya Pandit
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i6.1302

Abstract

Background: Ocimum species, commonly known as basil, have a rich history in traditional medicine for various ailments. Eugenol, a primary bioactive compound found in several Ocimum species, has garnered significant scientific attention for its potential therapeutic properties. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants in the context of oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases for studies published between 2013 and 2024 that investigated the effects of eugenol derived from Ocimum plants on oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The search strategy included keywords such as "eugenol," "Ocimum," "antioxidant," "anti-inflammatory," and "antidiabetic." Inclusion criteria for studies involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that specifically examined the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum species in the aforementioned conditions. Data on study design, intervention, outcomes, and key findings were extracted and synthesized narratively. Results: The review identified ten key studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively suggested that eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants exhibited significant antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, eugenol demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and COX. In the context of diabetes mellitus, studies indicated that eugenol could improve glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin sensitivity, protecting pancreatic beta cells, and inhibiting carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes. Conclusion: This systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The findings from the included studies supported the traditional uses of Ocimum species and highlighted the therapeutic potential of eugenol as a natural agent in managing these conditions. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to validate these preclinical findings and translate them into clinical applications.
From Tradition to Translation: A Systematic Review on the Pharmacological Actions of Eugenol Extracted from Ocimum Plants in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Diabetes Mellitus Permatananda, Pande Ayu Naya Kasih; I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa; I Wayan Sumardika; Made Ratna Saraswati; I Gde Suranaya Pandit
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i6.1302

Abstract

Background: Ocimum species, commonly known as basil, have a rich history in traditional medicine for various ailments. Eugenol, a primary bioactive compound found in several Ocimum species, has garnered significant scientific attention for its potential therapeutic properties. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants in the context of oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases for studies published between 2013 and 2024 that investigated the effects of eugenol derived from Ocimum plants on oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The search strategy included keywords such as "eugenol," "Ocimum," "antioxidant," "anti-inflammatory," and "antidiabetic." Inclusion criteria for studies involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that specifically examined the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum species in the aforementioned conditions. Data on study design, intervention, outcomes, and key findings were extracted and synthesized narratively. Results: The review identified ten key studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively suggested that eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants exhibited significant antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, eugenol demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and COX. In the context of diabetes mellitus, studies indicated that eugenol could improve glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin sensitivity, protecting pancreatic beta cells, and inhibiting carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes. Conclusion: This systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological actions of eugenol extracted from Ocimum plants in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The findings from the included studies supported the traditional uses of Ocimum species and highlighted the therapeutic potential of eugenol as a natural agent in managing these conditions. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to validate these preclinical findings and translate them into clinical applications.
Light physical activity and vitamin D improve sperm quality of male Rattus norvegicus exposed to cigarette smoke Amaral, Meriana Barreto; Satriyasa, Bagus Komang; Yasa, I Wayan Putu Sutirta; Sudarmaja, I Made; Jawi, I Made; Manuaba, Ida Bagus Putra; Linawati, Ni Made; Widiyanti, I Gusti Ayu
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): January-June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i1.261

Abstract

Background: Male infertility is a significant global health issue, with rising prevalence linked to environmental factors such as secondhand smoke, which impairs sperm quality. This study aimed to examine how light physical activity and vitamin D supplementation improved sperm quality in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This study used a randomized experimental design with 38 rats, divided into two groups. The control group was exposed to cigarette smoke and received vitamin D at 18 IU/kg body weight (BW) daily. The treatment group was exposed to cigarette smoke, received the same vitamin D dose, and underwent light physical activity. The 35-day research period involved the analysis of evaluated parameters. Differences between these parameters were assessed using an independent t-test, with statistical significance set at a P-value < 0.05. Results: Compared to the control group (p-values< 0.001), the treatment group, receiving light physical activity and vitamin D supplementation, exhibited significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (0.96 ± 0.14 nmol/mL), higher vitamin D receptor expression (2.44 ± 0.58 cells/HPF), and increased testosterone levels (4.33 ± 0.76 ng/dL). Sperm quality was also significantly improved in the treatment group, showing higher sperm count (2.24 ± 0.81 × 10⁶/mL), motility (4.20 ± 0.23%), viability (3.07 ± 0.39%), and normal morphology (5.34 ± 0.17%) (p-values< 0.001). Conclusion: Light physical activity and vitamin D supplementation improved sperm quality in cigarette smoke-exposed male rats, correlating with reduced MDA and elevated vitamin D receptor expression and testosterone. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore human applications.
The Role of Antioxidant Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review Astini, Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka; Yasa, I Wayan Putu Sutirta; Jawi, I Made; Wande, I Nyoman
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.104276

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and has become a global problem due to the rapid increase in the number of cases. This disease is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The occurrence of oxidative stress is known to play a central role in the development of T2DM complications, through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) that worsen insulin resistance, worsen beta cell function, and trigger complications such as cardiovascular complications, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Objectives: This literature review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the use of antioxidant therapy as an additional approach in the management of T2DM, focusing on the effectiveness and mechanism of action of antioxidant compounds on glycemic parameters, oxidative stress, and diabetes complications. Methods: A literature search was conducted through databases on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with the keywords "antioxidant therapy", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "oxidative stress", and "diabetes management". The selected articles included in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials published in the period 2013-2023. Literature review focused on the biochemical mechanisms of antioxidant compounds and clinical outcomes related to glycemic parameters and diabetes complications. The literature extraction process was carried out from January to March 2024. Results: Supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, polyphenols, saponins, and flavonoids has been proven to reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanism involves increasing antioxidant activity, regulating glucose homeostasis, as well as modulating signaling pathways such as AMPK, PPAR, and GLUT4. Conclusions: This bioactive compound has potential as an adjunct therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to determine optimal dosage and long-term effectiveness.
Processing of Undis Bean (Cajanus Cajan L.) and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Increase Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels Post-Blood Donation Saisnu Supta, I Wayan; Purnawati, Susy; Putu Sutirta Yasa, I Wayan
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 12 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i12.52548

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) combined with iron-folic acid supplementation in increasing hemoglobin and hematocrit levels following blood donation. Processing of Undis Bean (Cajanus cajan L.) and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Increase Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels Post-Blood Donation. This experimental research employed a randomized pre-test/post-test control group design. Sixty-four blood donors aged 17–65 years who successfully donated at the Badung Regency Red Cross Mobile Unit in July 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups: control group (K) receiving iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) only, and treatment group (P) receiving IFAS with 50 grams of processed pigeon pea daily. The intervention was administered for 7 days, after which hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were examined using the Photometric Point of Care Testing (POCT) method. Results demonstrated significant increases in both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels between pre-test and post-test in each group (p=0.000). Comparison between groups revealed significantly greater hemoglobin increases in group P (p=0.028) and hematocrit increases in group P (p=0.015). This study concludes that providing processed pigeon pea combined with IFAS for 7 days significantly increases hemoglobin and hematocrit levels after blood donation, offering a practical nutritional intervention to support post-donation recovery.
Bioautography of dewandaru leaf ethanol extract thin-layer chromatography against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lesmana, I Wayan Lolik; Yasa, I Wayan Putu Sutirta; Pranitasari, Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i2.733

Abstract

Background: Ear infections are a significant health concern due to their impact on hearing function. One ear infection that frequently occurs is Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), which is commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The development of therapies using natural ingredients appears to be a promising option for treating various infectious diseases. The potential of the Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) has long been recognized, and several studies have demonstrated its antibacterial properties. Dewandaru leaves extract contains several active compounds with antibacterial activity, as evidenced by various in vitro studies. Purpose: To test the antibacterial activity of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids from Dewandaru leaves extract against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 9027, as the most common cause of CSOM. Method: Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Thin-Layer Chromatography–Bioautography (TLC–bioautography) contact method using a clear area on the TLC plate. Result: Dewandaru leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a significant zone of inhibition. The phytochemical substances in the extract that exhibit antibacterial activity were flavonoids. Conclusion: Dewandaru leaves had the potential to be a natural antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antidyslipidaemic effect of Ipomoea batatas L. extract with increased PCSK-9 levels in atherosclerotic rats Yasa, I Wayan Putu Sutirta; Jawi, I Made; Mahendra, Agung Nova; Wiradana, Putu Angga; I Gede Widhiantara
JURNAL INDONESIA DARI ILMU LABORATORIUM MEDIS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Integration of Molecular Approaches in Addressing Drug Resistance and Changing Gl
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v8i1.7260

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the largest cause of mortality worldwide, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is a primary risk factor for this illness. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) extract on cholesterol, LDL, PCSK9, and MDA levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. This true experimental study used a randomised pre-test-post-test control group design. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Purple sweet potato extract (PSPE) was prepared by 24-hour maceration with 70% ethanol. All rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 14 days, followed by pre-test measurements of cholesterol, LDL, PCSK9, and MDA on day 15. Rats were then randomly divided into control (no treatment), PSPE (200 mg/day), and Simvastatin (0.9 mg/kg BW) groups. After one month of treatment, post-test analyses were performed for all parameters. The results showed an increase in serum cholesterol, LDL and MDA levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (p<0.05) compared to the PSPE and Simvastatin groups. The high-cholesterol diet also resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in PCSK9 when compared to the PSPE and Simvastatin groups. In the PSPE group there was a decrease in cholesterol, LDL, and MDA, and PSPE (p<0.05) compared to the control group. In the Simvastatin group, the increase in PCSK9 was very low compared to the PSPE group. PSPE has antidyslipidaemic activity by reducing total cholesterol status, LDL, and oxidative stress while promoting PCSK-9 function. Further research is still needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of PSPE as an antioxidant source in patients with atherosclerosis.
Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya) dapat Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Kadar Serumglutamat Piruvat Transaminase (Sgpt) pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar yang Hiperkolesterolemia Legis Ocktaviana Saputri; Bagus Komang Satriyasa; Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 1 (2017): Mei 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.1.73.1-10

Abstract

Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan kelainan metabolisme lemak yang dianggap sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi dalam peningkatan risiko PJK. Biji pepaya diduga memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang berpengaruh pada metabolisme lemak. Penelitian ini menggunakan model eksperimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design terhadap 30 ekor tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia setelah diinduksi pakan tinggi kolesterol selama 48 hari. Tikus tersebut dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (P0), kontrol positif (P1), dan kelompok perlakuan (P2).Aktivitas antihiperkolesterolemik dinilai melalui pengukuran kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak air biji pepaya dosis 300 mg/kg/hari mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 13,39% dan kadar SGPT sebesar 31,4% (p<0,05). Uji One Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT posttest antar kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat secara signifikan menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok placebo. Kadar tersebut tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok yang diberi simvastatin (beda rerata 0,6 mg/dL; p>0,05). Penurunan kadar SGPT diketahui berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan kelompok placebo. Hasil tersebut dapat membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang hiperkolesterolemia.Kata Kunci: hipekolesterolemia, ekstrak biji papaya, kolesterol total, SGPT. [Aqueous Extract of Papaya (Carica Papaya) Seeds Decreased Total Cholesterol and Alanine Aminotransferase (Alt) Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats]Hypercolesterolemic is fat metabolism disorder which contributes to increase the risk of CHD. Papaya seeds issuspected having anti-hipercholesterolemic activity, because contains several phytochemical compounds. This study uses a model of experimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design in 30 rats that had induced hypercholesterolemia with high cholesterol diet for 48 days. Rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (P0), positive control (P1), and the treatment group (P2). Antihypercholesterolemic activities were assessed through total cholesterol and ALT pretest and posttest levels. Results of this study has shown that aqueous extract of papaya seeds dose 300 mg/kg/day can reduce total cholesterol by 13.39% and ALT by 31.4% (p<0.05). One Way ANOVA test showed that the levels of total cholesterol and SGPT posttest are significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Further test with LSD showed that the aqueous extract of papaya seeds can significantly reduce total cholesterol when compared to P0. These results do not differ significantly from group that given simvastatin (mean difference 0.6 mg/dL; p>0.05). Decreased levels of ALT are also known significantly different when compared to P0.These result proved that aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds can decreased total cholesterol and ALT levels in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Keywords: hypercholesterolemic, papaya seeds extract, total cholesterol, ALT
Co-Authors Achmad Chusnu Romdhoni Adhitya, Putu Gde Surya Agung Nova Mahendra Agung Wiwiek Indrayani Airin Que Ali Djamhuri Amaral, Meriana Barreto Anak Agung Gede Sudewa Djelantik Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari, Anak Agung Anom Suardika Astini, Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka Bagus Komang Satriyasa Bastianus Alfian Juatmadja Benny Supono Calvin Jonathan Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Cokorda Istri Dewiyani Pemayun D.P.G. Jananuraga Maharddhika Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi Dewa Ayu Putu Rasmika Dewi Dewi, Ni Kadek Ari Kusuma Dharayani, Luh Anandita Dharma Santhi, Desak Gde Diah Dina Sophia Margina Divasta, I G Mahapraja Fatqur Rochman Feliciano Pinto, Feliciano Ferbian Milas Siswanto Gde Ary Putra Kamajaya Gede Agus Eka Tirta Putra Gede Agus Suwiryawan Gusti Ngurah Sutapa Hamsu Kadriyan Haneetha Yogarajah I A Putri Wirawati I Dewa Made Sukrama I Gde Raka Widiana I Gde Suranaya Pandit I Gede Juliarta I Gede Widhiantara I Gst Agung Dwi Mahasurya I Gusti Agung Dyah Ambarawati I Gusti Agung Ngurah Radhitya Wijaya Radhitya Wijaya I Gusti Kamasan Arijana I Gusti Made Aman I Kadek Arya Candra I Kadek Septiawan I Ketut Agus Somia I Ketut Suastika I Ketut Suwiyoga I Made Ady Wirawan I Made Bagus Cahya Wibawa I Made Bakta I Made Dwikayana I Made Jawi I Made Oka Adi Parwata I Made Sudarmaja I Made Tomik Nurya Wardana I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Nyoman Wande I Nyoman Wande I W. Sudarsa I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra I Wayan Rosiana I Wayan Sumardika I Wayan Wita I. B. T. Wibawa Manuaba, I. B. T. Wibawa I. B. Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba I. K. Widiana, I. K. I.A.A. Widhiartini I.B.GDE ANANTA MAHESVARA IBN Dwipayana Manuaba Ida Ayu Kemala Wasita Manuaba Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Ngurah Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Bagus Verry Kusumaningrat Ida Bagus Wayan Kardika Ida Kurniawati, Ida IGA Ayu Ratih Pradnyadewi Ignatius Ferdi Yuatmadja Indah Pramita Indradewa, Rhian Indrayani, Pande Kadek Putri Rahayu Intan Astariani Kamayoga, I Dewa Gede Alit Karta Sawenda Ketut Siki Kawiyana Ketut Suega Ketut Suryana Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati Ketut Widyani Astuti Lesmana, Cokorda Agung Bagus Jaya Lesmana, I Wayan Lolik Luh Putu Sukma Diyanti Made Ayu Widyaningsih Made Dyah Khrisnadewi MADE RATNA SARASWATI . Melania Antonia Barreto Cerqueira Michael Christian Widjaja Milaviwanda, Luh Komang Ayu N. K. Niti Susila, N. K. Naw, Sin War Ni Gusti Ayu Putu Lestari Santika Dewi Ni Kadek Mulyantari Ni Kadek Nita Utami Ni Ketut Susilawati Ni Ketut Susilawati Ni Luh Candra Mas Ayuni Ni Luh Wayan Pani Ambarasari Ni Made Dharma Laksmi Ni Made Linawati Ni Nyoman Mahartini Ni Nyoman Mahartini Ni Nyoman Mahartini Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika Pranitasari Ni Putu Widya Nandasari Ni Wayan Ari Anindita Sari Ocktaviana Saputri, Legis Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda Pande Komang Gede Bayu Wikrama Permatasari, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Poniman, S. Prabasari, Pande Visca Gayatri pradnya wibawa, komang budhi Pratiwi, Cokorda Agung Pujawan, I Made Naris Purnamawati, Susy Puspa Negara, Anak Agung Gede Angga Putu Angga Wiradana Putu Astawa Putu Budhiastra Putu Diani Wirayanti Raka-Sudewi A. A. Rudi Wisaksana S. Herawati, S. Sagung Novita Widyaningrat Saisnu Supta, I Wayan Santosa, I Gusti Ngurah Putra Eka Sianny Herawati Sri Maliawan Sri Wahyuni Susy Purnawati Swari, Kadek Gyna Yadnya Thaha .. Tirtha Yasa, I Nyoman Wawan Tjokorda Gde Agung Suwardewa Tjokorda Gede Oka Tri Pramartha, I Nyoman Valari, Putu Kavita Krisnina Wayan Suardana Widiyanti, I Gusti Ayu Wijaya Kusuma Yayang Christian Yenny Kandarini