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Concentration Effect of MgO/K2O Catalyst on Transesterification of Castor Seed (Ricinus communis) Oil: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis MgO/K2O pada Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Jarak (Ricinus communis) Santoso, Aman; Sumari, Sumari; Asrori, Muhammad Roy; Ni’mah, Irsyadatun
Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia Vol 6 No 2 (2024): October 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemistry - Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jstk.v6i2.4692

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl esters can be obtained from the synthesis of vegetable oil with methanol using a base catalyst. Vegetable oil has the potential as biodiesel feedstock, the methyl ester character of various vegetable oils is different as from castor seed oil. Synthesis of methyl esters by transesterification reaction with the addition of a heterogeneous catalyst, namely MgO/K2O. The purpose of this study was to synthesize methyl esters from castor seed oil with MgO/K2O catalyst and to determine the yield and character. The research went through 6 stages which included (1) isolation of castor seed oil, (2) determination of free fatty acid (ALB) levels of castor seed oil, (3) manufacture of MgO/K2O catalyst (4) esterification of castor seed oil with H2SO4 catalyst (5) transesterification of jatropha seed oil with methanol and various variations in the concentration of the catalyst MgO/K2O 1%, 2%, 3%, (6) characterization of the synthesized methyl ester which includes tests of density, viscosity, acid number, refractive index and moisture content. The results showed that the concentration of MgO/K2O had an effect on the synthesis of methyl esters from castor seed oil, where the optimization condition was achieved at a concentration of 2% MgO/K2O with a yield of 97.99%. The methyl ester character which is synthesized from castor seed oil with a 2% MgO/K2O catalyst is having a density of 1.0244 g/mL, a viscosity of 22.531 cSt, an acid number of 2.81 g KOH/g methyl ester, a refractive index of 1.456, and a moisture content. 0.035%.
The Role of Notaries in Making Limited Liability Company Legal Entity Deeds through the General Legal Administration System Sumari, Sumari; Ma'ruf, Umar
Jurnal Konstatering Vol 2, No 4 (2023): October 2023
Publisher : Master of Notarial Law, Faculty of Law, Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Registration of limited liability company legal entity deeded from a manual system to an electronic system or online is expected so that the registration or validation can run more efficiently and more effectively. Similar to the previous provisions, until now the process of making a request for registration into the General Law Administration System still requires the role of a notary. The purpose of this paper is to analyze: 1) The role of the notary in drawing up limited liability company legal entity deeds through the general legal administration system in Blora Regency. 2) The effectiveness of making and registering limited liability company legal entity deeds by a notary through the general legal administration system in Blora Regency. The approach method in this research is a sociological juridical approach. The specification of the research used is descriptive analysis research. Types of data using primary data and secondary data. Data collection by interview method and literature study. The data analysis method used is qualitative analysis. The research problems were analyzed using the theory of legal certainty and the theory of legal effectiveness with the results of the research concluding: 1) The role of the notary in making legal entity deeds of limited liability companies through the General Legal Administration system in Blora Regency, namely making deeds and making applications electronically through the general law administration system, because a notary deed that functions as an authentic deed must provide certainty and legal protection for the community and function as the most perfect means of evidence.2) The effectiveness of making and registering limited liability company legal entity deeds by a notary through the General Legal Administration System in Blora Regency is the registration of limited liability company deeds through the General Legal Administration System by a notary directly which strongly supports a faster and more effective registration completion process. Keywords: Administration; Company; Entity; System.
Effectiveness of Montmorillonite-ZnO as Photocatalyst for Adsorption and Degradation of Methylene Blue Nur, Abdillah Mushawwir An; Iklima, Ilma Kanzu; Hidayat, Taupik; Dasna, I Wayan; Sumari, Sumari; Utomo, Yudhi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-abd

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the photocatalytic activity of a montmorillonite–ZnO (MMT/ZnO) composite for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet (UV) and dark (non-UV) conditions. The composite was prepared by mixing synthetic montmorillonite derived from Indonesian soil with ZnO in ethanol, followed by calcination at 400 °C for 2 hours, and subsequently characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The degradation tests were performed using various composite masses (0.5–2.5 g) and compared with single ZnO and montmorillonite materials through visible spectrophotometry analysis. The results revealed that under UV irradiation, MMT/ZnO achieved the highest degradation efficiency of 98.37%, while under non-UV conditions, MB removal remained high at 88.39%, primarily driven by adsorption. These findings confirm a synergistic effect between the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite and the photocatalytic activity of ZnO, where adsorption dominated MB removal while photocatalysis contributed to enhancing overall degradation efficiency. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of synthetic Indonesian montmorillonite as a ZnO support, which enhances photocatalytic efficiency while reducing production costs. This finding highlights the potential of MMT/ZnO composites as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative for dye wastewater treatment in the textile industry.
Co-Authors A. Alif Mardianto Adilah Aliyatulmuna Agus Budianto Agustina, Nur Indah Aldwinarta, Farrel Hafiz Aman Santos Aman Santoso Amanatin, Alfitia Dwi Andyka Medarda Pradana Antonia, Vonny Anugrah Ricky Wijaya Ciptawati, Endang Cylindrica, Vrisca Bella Dedek Sukarianingsih Devi Indrasari Mustopa Putri Dinar Rachmadika Baharintasari Dinar Rachmadika Baharintasari Dwi Ratna Wulandari Effendy Effendy Eli Hendrik Sanjaya Endang Budiasih Evi Susanti Fadila Abna Swari Faizah, Siti Farashinta Nadia Fauziah, Putri Nanda Fauziatul Fajaroh FITRIYAH, IDA Ganden Supriyanto Habiddin Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Handoko Darmokoesomo I Wayan Dasna Ida Bagus Suryadarma Ida Bagus Suryadharma Iklima, Ilma Kanzu Ima Rosyida Indah Nur Pramesti Irsyadatun Ni’mah Izzah, Dewi Jalinan Jacky Anggara Nenohai Januarti, Wenny Kelvert Kong Kinanthi, Bilqis Rahma Lailatul Ilmiyah Lailatur Rizqiyah Liqanatul Putri Sholikah Ma'ruf, Umar Mahmudah, Siti Nur Mardhiyyah, Cut Ainul Mardianto, A. Alif Marfu'ah, Sitti Margaret Pandaleke Mauliana Nursafitri Maya Sari Muhammad Roy Asrori Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad Muntholib Munzil Nareswari, Tsalis Jauza Nazriati Nazriati dkk. Ni’mah, Irsyadatun Novi Andriani Novi Andriani, Novi Nur Arief Nugroho Nur Indah Agustina Nur, Abdillah Mushawwir An Nurin Fitriana Nursafitri, Mauliana Permatasari, Suryani Indah Prakasa, Yana Fajar Priska Yohanita Sodanango Purbo Suwasono Putri Hapsari, Mamila Putri Qori Utami Rachman, Ihsan Budi Ratna Kusumawardani, Ratna Retnosari, Rini Ridwan Joharmawan Rizky, M Rohman Fantusi Rohman Fantusi Ryansyah, Hardi Sakhi, Fillah M. Santa, Eldat Wira Santosa Santosa Setiawan, Nur Candra Eka Sholikah, Liqanatul Putri Siew Fan Wong Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sinta Nur Laila Siti Marfuah, Siti Siti Marfu’ah SRI RAHAYU Suharti Suryani Indah Permatasari Syafiuddin Syafiuddin Taupik Hidayat, Taupik Teguh Wirawan Vrisca Bella Cylindrica Wahyu S. Pambudi Wahyu Setyo Pambudi Wele, Amonius Regino Wiwin Dwi Nurpitasari Yahmin Yahmin Yana Fajar Prakasa Yana Fajar Prakasa Yudhi Utomo Yulianto, Andik Yulisya Zuriatni Yuneta Dwi Yunisari Zhiying Zhu Zuniarto, Ahmad Azrul