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All Journal Matematika dan Sains Jurnal EMT KITA Emerging Science Journal Civil Engineering Journal Communications in Science and Technology Mimbar Ilmu JURNAL PENELITIAN EKONOMI DAN AKUNTANSI (JPENSI) Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika (JIE) Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal (MSEJ) Jurnal ABDINUS : Jurnal Pengabdian Nusantara Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan CORD Jurnal MESIL (Mesin Elektro Sipil) Journal of Economics and Business UBS IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) Syifaul Qulub: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Jurnal Jaring SainTek Abdi Masya Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies Journal of Education Research Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research (FJSR) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Edukasiana: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Proceeding of International Conference Health, Science And Technology (ICOHETECH) Jurnal Jaringan Penelitian Pengembangan Penerapan Inovasi Pendidikan (Jarlitbang) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Teknologi Industri dan Informasi ReTII Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Miazhar JS (Jurnal Sekolah) Paradoks : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi HIKMATUNA: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Indo-Fintech Intellectuals: Journal of Economics and Business OKTAL : Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sains Cilpa : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Seni Rupa Hikmatuna Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance dan Management Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance dan Management Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia Jurnal Ekonomika dan Bisnis Blockchain Frontier Technology (BFRONT) JER LEMBARAN PUBLIKASI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI Journal of Ekonomics, Finance, and Management Studies Jurnal Wana Tropika Atestasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities Environmental Insight Journal Pena Edukasia
Triyono
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Journal : Civil Engineering Journal

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Enhancing AA6061–Bottom Ash Composites: Role of Heat Treatment on Properties and Dimensional Stability Seputro, Harjo; Bintoro, Sefrian R.; Ariawan, Dody; Surojo, Eko; Triyono
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 11 (2025): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-11-023

Abstract

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with industrial by-products have attracted attention as lightweight, sustainable materials, yet most research has focused on fly ash. The higher density of bottom ash compared to fly ash makes bottom ash suitable for use as reinforcement in AMC. This study investigates the combined effect of BA reinforcement (0, 3, and 6 wt%) and T6 heat treatment (aging at 175, 200, and 225 °C) on the microstructure, mechanical performance, thermal expansion, and dimensional stability of AA6061 composites. Mechanical testing, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) evaluations were conducted to establish correlations between microstructure and macroscopic reliability. The results show that aging plays a decisive role in strengthening and stabilizing the alloy. The unreinforced AA6061 achieved peak hardness (69.43 BHN) and tensile strength (274.60 MPa) at 200 °C, but exhibited the largest distortion due to high thermal expansion. BA addition significantly reduced the mean coefficient of thermal expansion, with the 3 wt% BA composite aged at 200 °C demonstrating the most balanced behavior: stable CTE response, minimal distortion (0.1–0.4 mm²), and improved mechanical reliability. In contrast, 6 wt% BA composites, despite their lowest mean CTE (≈25 ppm/K), suffered from local instabilities due to particle agglomeration and porosity, leading to reduced toughness and higher geometric irregularities. Overall, this work highlights the novelty of employing BA as a sustainable reinforcement distinct from fly ash, showing that moderate BA addition coupled with optimized heat treatment can enhance dimensional stability and mechanical performance. The findings provide new insights into the design of cost-effective, environmentally friendly AMCs for structural applications.
Co-Authors Abdulloh Arif Mukhlas Achmad Lutfi Fuadi Adi Tri Tyaasmadi Ady Mara, Ady Afdilah, Ilham Agiel, Raiddin Muhamad Agus Suyanto Aini, Sania Qurrotu Akbar, Andi Muh. Fadlullah Akbar, Hammar Ilham Aminuyati Amyati, Amyati Andy Dwi Bayu Bawono Arif Setyo Nugroho Arina Hidayati Arri Handayani Asiati, Devi Ata, Sonata Sukama Wijaya Aulia, A Ayu Sanjaya, Yulia Putri Bambang Kusharjanta Bambang Margono Bambang Setiaji Bambang Setiaji Banu Witono, Banu Barudin Bintoro, Sefrian R. Budiyansah, Amsal Cahyani, Rizkha Gita Catur Setyawan K Catur Setyawan Kusumohadi Chamim, Moch. Dewanti, Adinda Pramesdya Rasita Dharma Priatmaja, Ade Dika, Aisyah Dika Mastura Dikadijayati Dini Rahmawati Dini Rakhmawati Diva Nanda Ayuk Agustina Dody Ariawan Donatus Setyawan Purwo Handoko Dwi Hanan, Fauzy Dynanda Eliza Nadia Loka Eko Purwanto Eko Surojo Endang Widati Faisol Mukarom Fatchan Achyani Fatmawati, Dyah Ayu Faturahman, Adam Fifi Aswita Mandala Sari Fitria, Anissa Fransisca Maria Farida ghofur Gutomo Bayu Aji Harjo Seputro, Harjo Harminto, Yopi Haryo Satriya Oktaviano Heppy Purbasari Hidayat, Erjuyn Yayan Himawan Hadi Sutrisno I D. K. Anom I. D. K. Anom Iin Purnamasari Ike Prety Shinta Ikhlilla Ayu Alfida Ilham Habibi, Ilham Ilman Arpi Imam Basori Imam Santoso Indriana Kartini Indriyana Rachmawati Irene Wahyuni Putri Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar Jafar Amiruddin Ja’far Amiruddin Karna Wijaya Kartono Kuncoro Diharjo Kurniawan, Fuat Edi Lamin Khaira Majid, Faishal M. Marlina, Eva Maulidiawati Meytij Jeanne Rampe Mina Olivia Rahayu Mohammad Syaiku Mori Dianto, Mori Mufarrohah Muhammad Rizqi Darmawan Muhammad Wihdatun Nafi’in MULYADI Mustofa, Siti Solekah Mycelia Paradise Nabila Putri Dwi Septiani Ngadi Ningrum, Vanda Noer Sasongko Norman Luther Aruan, Norman Luther Nugroho Heri Cahyono Nur Azizah Nur Rahmawati Nurul Muhayat Nurul Muyasaroh Oberlin Sidjabat Ovi Faturrohman Permatasari, Hanifah Pramudi, Ganjar Pratomo Setyadi Purba, Yanti Astrelina Purbonegoro, Jason Purwandari, Wd. Vitha Purwo Handoko, Donatus Setyawan Purwo Haryono Radjali Amin Raharjo, Wijang W. Rahmadani Putri, Elvi Noveria Ramdhani, Destania Ayu Rangga Handika Rasiman Rici Kardo, Rici Rizki Indah Lestari Rodiansono Roudlotul Hikmah Royani Dewi, Elisa Ruli Supriati, Ruli Sabaruddin Sandy Prasetyo Siti Nurun Ni’mah Soeharsono SRI RAHAYU Sri Suwartini, Sri St. Haerani, St. Sugiarti Sugiyamin sugiyamin Sukmaji Indro Cahyono, Sukmaji Indro Supriyanti, Dedeh Suryo Purwono Sutono Tasari Teguh Triyono Triyono Triyono Tukiyo Uswatul Chasanah, Uswatul Wahyu Purwo Raharjo Wahyutari, Sherena Wangsa Waradzi Mustakim Warniningsih Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryanti Widya Multisari Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijaya, Surta Yeni Fatimah Yudha Agung Pratama Zulfikar