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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) Gema Wiralodra Abdi Wiralodra : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis IJELR: International Journal of Education, Language, and Religion ESTIMASI: Journal of Statistics and Its Application Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Perkhasa Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Health Science Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan Journal of Educational Sciences Abdimas Indonesian Journal Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia Dirasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam GEMBIRA (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Transformasi Masyarakat : Jurnal Inovasi Sosial dan Pengabdian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Journal of Community Empowerment for Multidisciplinary (JCEMTY) Jurnal Imiah Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (JIPM)
Sri Wahyuningsih
Politeknik Kesehatan Megarezky
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Journal : JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)

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Narrative Review: A Comparative Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Insulin And OAD Treatment in BPJS Outpatients Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Various Hospitals In Indonesia Oktaviana, Wina; Wahyuningsih, Sri
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/x7rzrg82

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL or fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus constitutes a global health threat with a projection of 28.57 million cases in Indonesia, predicted to become a significant financial burden on the National Health Insurance System by 2045 with costs ranging from 1.6 Trillion to 3 Trillion Rupiah. This study analyzes the comparative effectiveness of Insulin versus Oral Antidiabetic Drug treatment patterns in BPJS outpatients through systematic literature review using PRISMA protocol through a primary article search on Google Scholar for the 2020-2025 period resulting in 309 articles, 299 articles did not meet the criteria for inclusive inclusion, and the remaining 10 articles continued to the assessment analysis stage. Findings reveal therapeutic equivalence of both modalities with non-significant Hba1c reduction difference (0.123%; P=0.608), yet Oral Antidiabetic Drugs demonstrate economic superiority with Metformin-Sulfonylurea combination being more Cost-Effective than Metformin-Insulin (P<0.001). Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and adherence significantly influenced therapeutic response, with 79% of patients demonstrating suboptimal glycemic control. Effectiveness variability was determined by institutional clinical protocols, and the INA-CBG rate of new-generation insulin achieved a profit margin of 3.30%. The Study provides empirical evidence for optimizing stepwise therapy algorithms prioritizing Oral Antidiabetic Drugs before Insulin Escalation within Indonesia's Health Coverage Context.
Co-Authors Agneta Irmarahayu Aipassa, Marlon Ivanhoe Ali, Muharis Aliah, Ahmad Irsyad Alrahmi, Nurul Amin, Rahmahsinar Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anisah Ardiana Ansar, Muhammad Aksa Aprilika Merza Yulis Arif, Abdul Halim Arista Fauzi Kartika Sari Arum, Mike Azwaruddin, Azwaruddin Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono Bidarita Widiati Darnah, Darnah Darwel, Darwel Della Apriyanti Desti Deria Rahmadani Devora, Angelina Dewi Karuniawathy, Sari Dian Alfiah Djamadin, Iciyanti Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra Dwiyani Sudaryanti Edwin, Vebby Amellia Endang Nurcahyani Erdiyanti Fajriati Zulfa Ghufron Abdullah Hakim, Azima Husaini . I Wayan Suteja Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Idris, Rabiatun Ikbal Ikbal IMANG, NDAN Inayah Rahmawati Putri Utami Indah Permata Sari Irwan Irwan Ismiyatun Ismiyatun Kartini, Tri Mulyani Karwanto, Karwanto Khaerul Muslim Kholib, Abdul Kirono, Catur Sasi Kustiarini, Ari Lalu Masyhudi Leleallo, Wisye Riska Lindawati Lindawati Lukman, Sartika M, Sakriawati Mahaza Mahfut Makanung, Rudy Marhawati, Marhawati Melly Kristanti Mila Citrawati MUHAMAD SHOLEH Murianto Murianto Musviro Nasir Saleh Nasrul Rofiah Hidayati Ndaso, Ivon Sensiana Nilaywaty, Rintan Nurfika Asmaningrum Nurul hayati Nurul Zuhriyah Oktaviana, Wina Panjaitan, Eddy Hermawan Hasudungan Pannyiwi, Rahmat Parawansa, Dirgah Agum Pathiaturrohmi, Siti Pepi Permatasari Pritha Maya Savitri Pujiati Pujiati Purwopangestu, Krisna Bagas Qristin violinda Rahmad Risan Rahmawati Rahmawati Renan Subantoro Riyana Husna Rochadi Kristiningrum, Rochadi Rosmini Rosmini Safaruddin safitri, NOVI ULFA Selsi, Selsi Setiawan, Prayitno Setyaningsih, Yuni Shofia Nur Awami Sholeh, Kabib Sitti Mawaddah Umar Soka, Margareta Kortona St. A. Rahayuningsih Sudirman, Agriawan Sugeng Sutiarso Sukartiningsih Sukartiningsih Sultan, Muh Arsul Haq Supriadi, Zaroan Susane, Hismi Syamsuddin Taufik Abdullah Teuku Abdullah Tina Melinda Tiwuk Susantiningsih Umar, Misba Wahyudin wahyuni wahyuni Wati, Alifah Rahma Welly, Welly Widati, Sindik Widiyani', Aniya Widyastuti Widyastuti Wiyanti, Ayu Sri Yana Fajriah Yudho Bawono Yudi Widodo Yulianawati Zuriyah, Nurul