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Lex AI sebagai Tata Kelola Kecerdasan Buatan Sui Generis di Indonesia Lisaldy, Ferdinand; ,, Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
Technology and Economics Law Journal
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Kecerdasan Buatan atau Artificial Intelligence (AI) secara perlahan menjadi bagian dari kehidupan manusia di dekade ketiga abad ini. Berkembangnya inovasi-inovasi berbasis AI dalam bidang-bidang tertentu seperti perangkat lunak pembantu navigasi, rekayasa gambar, chatbot serta perangkat keras berbasis AI seperti yang digunakan perangkat yang memampukan orang lumpuh dapat berjalan kembali adalah bukti-bukti nyata perkembangan pengunaan AI dalam kehidupan. Seiring perkembangannya, dapat muncul pula masalah-masalah hukum terkait penggunaan AI seperti misalnya masalah etika, keadilan hukum, proses hukum yang adil, kekayaan intelektual, hingga keamanan data pribadi. Untuk memitigasi masalah hukum, perlu dikembangkan suatu tata kelola atas kecerdasan buatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Adapun teknik analisis hukum yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis argumentatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengingat hakekat AI adalah suatu suatu sistem dinamis yang dibentuk oleh jaringan algoritma yang meniru jaringan saraf biologis yang karenanya sangat berbeda dibandingkan koding program, sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan dan tata kelola hukum berbeda yang dapat disebut sebagai Lex AI. Karena keunikannya pula, maka tata kelola AI tidak dapat menggunakan tata kelola publik maupun privat secara ekslusif. Lex AI perlu dihadirkan sebagai tata kelola sui generis dengan karakteristik pengaturan tersendiri, dan dapat diparalelkan dengan hukum lain sebagai hukum komplementer.
LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE FOR NON-FISCAL CREDITORS IN TAX CONFISCATION AND BANKRUPTCY PUBLIC CONFISCATION CONFLICTS Natalia, Rachel; Suhariyanto, Didik; Iryani, Dewi
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1782

Abstract

Bankruptcy as a mechanism for collective debt settlement aims to realize a fair and proportionate distribution of debtors' assets based on the principle of pari passu prorata parte. However, the existence of the state's right of precedence in tax collection, as stipulated in Law Number 19 of 2000 concerning Tax Collection by Compulsory Letter, often causes conflicts with the principle of bankruptcy in Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU. This normative conflict creates legal uncertainty, especially for non-fiscal creditors whose rights have the potential to be marginalized. The Supreme Court Decision Number 557 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2018 is important to examine because it illustrates the tension between the position of tax confiscation and general confiscation in bankruptcy, as well as the extent to which the principle of distributive justice and the principle of creditor equality can be applied. This research is a normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches. The research data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through literature studies, then analyzed descriptively-analytically using the theory of legal certainty and the theory of distributive justice. The focus of the study is directed at legal certainty for non-fiscal creditors in tax seizure and public confiscation conflicts, as well as the application of the principle of distributive justice and the principle of pari passu prorata parte in bankruptcy practice in Indonesia. The results of the study show that Supreme Court Decision Number 557 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2018 provides significant legal protection for non-fiscal creditors by rejecting the absolutism of the state's right of precedence, while reaffirming the principle of distributive justice in the distribution of bankruptcy assets. However, the legal certainty that was born was still formal because the inconsistency between the Bankruptcy Law and the Tax Law had not been fully harmonized. Therefore, regulatory reconstruction is needed to unify norms related to tax confiscation and general confiscation, as well as the consistency of Supreme Court jurisprudence in order to create fair and balanced legal certainty for all creditors.
LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR CONSUMERS IN GOOD FAITH DUE TO THE DEVELOPER COMPANY BEING DECLARED BANKRUPT Hie, Hengky Himawan; Iryani, Dewi; Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hari
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1929

Abstract

The issue of legal certainty for consumers in good faith in buying and selling houses becomes even more important when the developer company is declared bankrupt. Consumers who have carried out their obligations, whether in the form of down payment, installments, and repayment, are often only positioned as concurrent creditors in the bankruptcy settlement process. This study uses normative juridical legal methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The source of research data was obtained through literature studies which include primary legal materials in the form of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, as well as several Supreme Court decisions related to developer bankruptcy cases. Secondary legal materials are derived from books, legal journals, and the results of previous research. Data analysis is carried out by interpreting laws in a systematic, contextual, and comparative manner to obtain the right legal construction. The results of the study show that there is a legal disharmony between the Consumer Protection Law and the Bankruptcy Law. Consumers in good faith are often only placed as concurrent creditors so that they do not get optimal legal protection. In fact, Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution guarantees the right of everyone to live and live properly. Therefore, there is a need for legal reconstruction that places consumers as preferred creditors or given a special position in developer bankruptcy, in order to realize legal certainty, justice, and utility. The author recommends that regulatory reform be carried out through amendments to the Bankruptcy Law by accommodating the legal protection of consumers in good faith as a form of implementation of the principles of social justice.
Irony: The Gap Between Occupational Risks and Nurse Wages from a Legal Perspective Legi, Arfi Nofri; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 7 No 4 (2025): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v7i4.1571

Abstract

Nurses, as the backbone of healthcare services in Indonesia, face high multidimensional occupational risks, encompassing biological, physical, psychosocial, and legal hazards. Ironically, these high risks are not compensated with fair wages, as many nurses still receive remuneration below feasibility standards. This research aims to analyze the fundamental gap between occupational risks (Das Sein) and wage justice (Das Sollen) from a legal perspective. Using a normative-juridical method supported by the Theory of Distributive Justice and the Theory of Legal Protection, this study dissects the regulatory architecture of the healthcare sector’s wage system. The findings identify three primary juridical obstacles: First, the current wage system fails to apply a fair principle of proportionality between the level of risk and the amount of remuneration. Second, a crucial operational norm vacuum exists due to the absence of a Ministry of Health Regulation, which is mandated by Government Regulation (PP) No. 28 of 2024 to technically implement risk factor calculations. Third, wage justice is hampered by institutional weaknesses, including the limitations of PPNI as a professional organization lacking the formal bargaining power of a trade union, and insufficient state supervision.
Optimalisasi Fungsi Bakamla Sebagai Indonesian Coast Guard: Antara Regulasi Dan Realita Umra, Alieffandy; Iryani, Dewi; Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hari
JUSTICIA SAINS - Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 10, No 2 (2025): JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24967/jcs.v10i2.4394

Abstract

The Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla) plays a strategic role in ensuring security, safety, and law enforcement within Indonesia’s maritime jurisdiction. Although its authority is normatively stipulated through regulations such as Law No. 32 of 2014, Presidential Regulation No. 178 of 2014, and Government Regulation No. 13 of 2022, in practice Bakamla has yet to fully function as an ideal Indonesian Coast Guard. The absence of a specific law, overlapping authorities with other agencies, and limited resources hinder its operational effectiveness. This study aims to analyse Bakamla’s legal position and authority within the national legal system, identify discrepancies between regulation and operational reality, and formulate institutional strengthening strategies. Using a normative juridical approach, this research concludes that establishing a dedicated Coast Guard Law is an urgent step to develop a unified, professional, and effective national maritime security system
Vertical Land Consolidation For Handling Urban Housing And Slum Settlement Arrangements Bernadete Nurmawati; KMS Herman; Dewi Iryani; Adi Darmawansyah; Russel Butarbutar
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 001 (2023): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i3.3233

Abstract

The proliferation of slums in cities with limited land availability calls for regulation on how best to utilize and control Land and initiatives to streamline and improve land use in metropolitan areas through land consolidation. Therefore, the government can use land consolidation to ensure the quality of the urban environment and the social functions of Land. Land consolidation itself is mainly carried out on city properties due to the high concentration of people and lack of planning that characterizes many urban environments. In urban slum programs, vertical land consolidation is an alternative land supply to reorganize slums. By reorganizing who owns what, where it can be used, and how it can be used, land consolidation is carried out to enhance natural resource conservation and improve environmental quality through community involvement and public use of previously privately owned Land. Community participation is a major part of the framework for improving the quality and quantity of land functions. Vertical land consolidation can serve as a useful solution to urban problems such as housing affordability and density. By consolidating Land vertically, more housing units can be built in a smaller area, providing more affordable housing options for residents. In addition, vertical land consolidation helps reduce urban sprawl and results in more sustainable and livable cities. This paper uses normative legal research techniques, including research into applying positive law and legal principles or norms.
Eksistensi Penggunaan Rupiah dalam Transaksi Elektronik untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat Ellizabeth; Dewi Iryani; Hartana
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 6 No 10 (2025): Tema Filsafat, Politik dan Etika Profesi Hukum
Publisher : CV Rewang Rencang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v6i10.2187

Abstract

The development of digital payment technology has changed the landscape of the payment system in Indonesia, with electronic money (e-money) becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to cashless payments. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of the use of the rupiah currency amidst the widespread use of electronic money in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach, utilizing secondary data through literature studies and documentation. The results of the study indicate that there are legal problems in the implementation of e-money related to Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency which requires the use of the rupiah in all transactions in Indonesia. Problems arise when some merchants refuse cash payments and only accept e-money, which contradicts the legal provisions prohibiting the refusal of payments using the rupiah with a maximum criminal penalty of one year imprisonment and a fine of up to IDR 200 million. Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 20/6/PBI/2018 concerning Electronic Money has not explicitly regulated the position of cash in the era of payment dualism, thus creating legal uncertainty. This study recommends the need for regulatory harmonization that accommodates non-cash payment policies without eliminating the public's right to use cash, as well as the importance of educating the public about the rights, risks, and responsibilities of using electronic money.
KONSEP CRYPTOCURRENCY SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM Febrianto, Andre; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
Collegium Studiosum Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Collegium Studiosum Journal
Publisher : LPPM STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/csj.v8i2.2026

Abstract

The rapid development of cryptocurrency as a global digital financial instrument has posed legal challenges, particularly regarding its status as a medium of exchange. In Indonesia, the legal position of cryptocurrency is characterized by dualism and ambiguity. On one hand, the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI) regulates and recognizes cryptocurrency as a commodity tradable on futures exchanges. On the other hand, Bank Indonesia (BI) strictly prohibits its use as legal tender, based on Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency, which mandates the Rupiah as the sole legal tender. This research aims to analyze the legal consequences of using cryptocurrency as a payment instrument in Indonesia and to formulate a regulatory concept that can ensure legal certainty. This study employs a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach. The data utilized consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a payment instrument results in the civil nullification of agreements (based on Article 1337 of the Indonesian Civil Code), administrative sanctions from BI and BAPPEBTI, and potential criminal liability related to Money Laundering Crimes (TPPU). To achieve legal certainty, an integrated regulatory framework is required, encompassing: (1) clear classification of cryptocurrencies (payment, utility, and security tokens); (2) the establishment of specific legislation regarding digital assets; (3) inter-agency coordination among regulators (BI, OJK, BAPPEBTI, and Kominfo); (4) effective consumer protection and dispute resolution mechanisms; and (5) the integration of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) principles. Policy recommendations include strengthening public awareness, adopting a regulatory sandbox, and accelerating the Digital Rupiah Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) project.
KEWENANGAN IDEAL MAHKAMAH PELAYARAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN KECELAKAAN KAPAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN Sarwono, Sarif; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
Collegium Studiosum Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Collegium Studiosum Journal
Publisher : LPPM STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/csj.v8i2.2027

Abstract

The Maritime Court (Mahkamah Pelayaran) is a judicial body under the Ministry of Transportation authorized to examine and adjudicate ship accidents, specifically regarding shipping safety aspects and the responsibility of masters or officers by imposing administrative sanctions. The regulations concerning the functions, authorities, and duties of the Maritime Court are governed by Law Number 66 of 2024 concerning the Third Amendment to Law Number 17 of 2008, specifically in Articles 251 to 253 of the Shipping Law. Article 251 of the Shipping Law outlines the functions of the Maritime Court; Article 252 details the authority to examine ship collisions occurring between commercial vessels, commercial and state vessels, as well as commercial and warships; and Article 253 defines the duties of the court, including investigating the causes of ship accidents, determining the presence of procedural errors or negligence by the master or officers, examining negligence by operators, ship owners, or officials that result in accidents, and recommending administrative sanctions to the Minister. The method used in this research is normative legal research conducted to obtain the necessary data related to the issues. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, supported by primary data. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of this research indicate that the current authority of the Maritime Court remains limited to administrative matters and has not yet addressed the need for more comprehensive justice for victims, ship owners, or aggrieved third parties, even though every ship accident involves not only technical navigation issues but also economic, environmental, and social impacts. Law Number 66 of 2024 has strengthened administrative sanctions but has not changed the position of the Maritime Court as a quasi-judicial institution. Therefore, a more integrative restructuring of authority is required so that the Maritime Court's decisions can be recognized as part of the judicial process and serve as considerations for judges in General Courts. This integrative process can be achieved by appointing the expert panels of the Maritime Court as ad hoc judges in General Courts. Thus, General Court decisions can create and strengthen the quality of rulings through precise and accurate maritime technical considerations given that the expert panels possess the background, experience, and specialized expertise in the shipping field while creating harmonization between Maritime Court decisions and General Court rulings to reduce contradictions and strengthen legal certainty.
KEWENANGAN IDEAL MAHKAMAH PELAYARAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN KECELAKAAN KAPAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN Sarwono, Sarif; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
The Juris Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM : THE JURIS
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/juris.v9i2.1896

Abstract

The Shipping Court (Mahkamah Pelayaran) is a judicial body under the Ministry of Transportation (Kementerian Perhubungan) authorized to examine and rule on ship accidents, particularly concerning aspects of maritime safety and the responsibility of the shipmaster or officers, by issuing administrative sanctions. The regulations governing the function, authority, and duties of the Shipping Court are stipulated in Law Number 66 of 2024 concerning the third amendment to Law Number 17 of 2008, specifically in Articles 251 to 253 of the Shipping Law. Article 251 of the Shipping Law concerns the function of the Shipping Court; Article 252 concerns the authority to examine collisions between merchant ships, merchant ships and state-owned ships, and merchant ships and warships; and Article 253 outlines the duties of the Shipping Court, which include investigating the cause of a ship accident, determining the existence of procedural error or negligence on the part of the shipmaster or ship officer, examining the negligence of the operator, ship owner, or officers that led to the accident, and recommending administrative sanctions to the Minister. The method used in this research is normative legal research, conducted to obtain the necessary data related to the problem. The data utilized is secondary data, consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Additionally, primary data is used to support the secondary data. Data analysis is performed using the qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the current authority of the Shipping Court remains administrative and is not yet able to address the need for a more comprehensive sense of justice for victims, ship owners, or damaged third parties. This is significant because every ship accident involves not only technical navigation issues but also economic, environmental, and social losses. Although Law Number 66 of 2024 provides stronger administrative sanctions, it does not change the position of the Shipping Court as a quasi-judicial institution. Therefore, a restructuring of its authority toward a more integrative approach is needed so that the decisions of the Shipping Court can be recognized as part of the judicial process and serve as considerations for judges in the General Courts (Pengadilan Umum). This integrative process can be achieved by appointing the expert panel of the Shipping Court as ad hoc judges in the General Courts. This would allow the General Court's decisions to enhance and strengthen their quality through accurate and appropriate maritime technical considerations, given the expert panel's specialized background, experience, and expertise in shipping, thereby creating harmony between the decisions of the Shipping Court and the General Courts and reducing contradictions and strengthening legal certainty.
Co-Authors Abdillah, Ahmad Imaduddin Abdul Gani Abraham Prihadi Achmad Hidayat Adi Darmawansyah Adi Iksan Bureni Agustinus Darmanto Panjaitan Aji , Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan, Puguh amran rabani zubaidi Arbi Dalimunthe Arwan Arwan Aryasuta Faharsyah Setiawan Ayu Tresna Waty Baehaki, Imam Belinda, Suci Fidia Fitriza Bernadete Nurmawati Bernadete Nurmawati Bey Abwar, Irsyad Hamdie Binto Kusmadi Boas Parlindungan Panjaitan dadang dwi saputro David Ricardo, David Didik Suhariyanto Ellizabeth Febrianto, Andre Ferdian, Andri Fitria, Myrna G. Nyoman Tio Rae Gomulia Oscar Gradios Nyoman Tio Hamamudin, Hamamudin Handradjasa, Joshua Limanto Hari Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hartana Hartana Hartana , Hartana Hartana Hartana Hartana, Hartana Herman, KMS Hie, Hengky Himawan Ismail ISMAIL ,, ISMAIL ISMAIL - Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Josef Swisman, Andreas Juniarty, Santy Karima, Shifa Kirana Pungki Apsari KMS Herman Legi, Arfi Nofri Lemta , Benjamin Lisaldy, Ferdinand Listiyaningsih, Listiyaningsih Maharani Putri Handayani Martunas Sianturi Mohamad Rizki Irmansyah Myrna Fitria Natalia, Rachel Natassya Fachrina Nurmawati, Bernadete Nyoman Tio Rae Oscar, Gomulia Pandreadi, Kadek Permana, Mochammad Aditya Prasetyo Hadi Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan Putra, Erika Putri, Euginia Natania Putu Ayu Masrini Rae, Gradios Nyoman Tio Reka Dewantara russel butarbutar Russel Butarbutar Salma Nur Azizah Samsiah, Tuti Saputra, Ade Akhmad Sarwono, Sarif Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hari Shifa Karima Sihite, Thomas Ericson Hadinata Sriulina, Maria Eva Sudarsono, Putut Heri Sudirgo, Tony Sujono, Salsabilla Susetyo Rohadi Tarmudi Tarmudi Tjahjadi, Hamdani Tresna Waty, Ayu Ummi Habsyah Umra, Alieffandy Unzur Jefri Tambunan Vic S, Binsar Jon