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Deep Reinforcement-Driven Clustering and Routing Protocol for Smart Vehicular Networks Riki, Riki; Widyarto, Setyawan
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Vol 9, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Dharma Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29099/ijair.v9i2.1576

Abstract

This study proposes a Deep Reinforcement-Driven Clustering and Routing Protocol (DRCRP) to enhance energy efficiency and routing stability in smart vehicular networks. The protocol integrates an Actor–Critic deep reinforcement learning framework with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to enable adaptive decision-making in dynamic Internet of Vehicles (IoV) environments. Through continuous learning, DRCRP adjusts cluster head selection and routing paths according to real-time vehicular mobility, residual energy, and link quality. Simulation experiments conducted using NS-2 and VanetMobiSim show that DRCRP achieves superior performance compared to benchmark algorithms such as AI-EECR, GWO-CH, and DMCNF. Quantitatively, the proposed model improved the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by up to 4.3%, reduced End-to-End Delay by 18–22%, and lowered Energy Consumption by 12–16%. Moreover, DRCRP effectively minimized communication overhead and extended cluster head and member lifetimes, confirming its ability to balance reliability and energy efficiency. These results demonstrate the capability of reinforcement learning-based architectures to support intelligent, sustainable, and scalable vehicular communication systems under complex mobility conditions
Co-Authors . Zulfan Abdurohman, Mohammad Ade Layla Fitriani Aditiya Hermawan Afrinanda, Afrinanda Agus Kusnawan Agus Setiawaty Akhmad Perdana, Dadi Almeida, Maria Amesanggeng P Amesanggeng Pataropura Amesanggeng Pataropura Angela, Flora Patricia Angelina Lasut Annisa Putri Aprilyanti, Rina Ariadi Saputra Arifian, Hanggara Arifuddin, M Arifuddin, Muhammad Aryani, Wiwik Dyah Asnani Asnani Atim Djazuli Azizah, Rezekila Azmi, Fatur Rahman Baso Didik Hikmawan Bone, Mahfuzun Ciptoputra, Vincentius Ade Arianto Citrawati Jatiningrum Daris Purba dedi kurniadi Dennis Gunadi Dian Kusmawati dominic adello setiawan Emha Nabilah Alparisa Erwin Samsul Farah, Harra Ismi Farrah, Harra Ismi Fauziyah, Fahrurozi Febrina, Lizma Firdiyansyah, Indra Fitriana, Ika Sari Gun Gun Gunawan, Gun Gun Hanico, Andri Harefa, Trisman Hartana Wijaya hasan, samsurijal Hazriyanto, Hazriyanto Hendriati, Yossi Herman Herman Hokianto Candra Ibrahim, Arsyik IFAH KHADIJAH, IFAH Indah Fenriana Irma Permatasari Islamudin Ahmad ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI Ivan Darmawan Sabatino Jamaludin . Joshua Geraldo Manu Julianti, Merline Junaidin, Junaidin K, Vidra KIKI WULANDARI Komeyni Rusba Kusman, E Kusno Kusno Laode Rijai M. Arifuddin, M. Meriyanti, Meriyanti Mimi Yanti Muhamad Muslihudin Muhammad Faisal Mus, Nurul Muhlisa Namy Raptama Nasruji, Nasruji Nopiana, Puspita Rama Nopiana, Puspita Rama Nur Falah Setyawati Nurchalidah, Siti Nurdiana, Riyanti Nurlenawatii, Netti Pandika Andio Efendi Perdana, Dadi Akhmad Perdana, Fetrio Sabarulla Permadi, Andi Taufik Pratiwi, Nabila Allisya Ramadhan, Adam M. Rezeki, Nadia Sri Ridhotulloh, Yusuf Isro Rija'i, Hifdzur Rashif Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif Rija’i, Hifdzur Rashif Rina Rina Rino . Rino Rino Rolan Rusli Rusman, Arman Ryla, Cut Saliyah Kahar Sari, Asih Purwana Sari, Lia Purnama Satria Abadi Setyawan Widyarto Setyawan Widyarto Silvia, Tesa Siti Mukodimah Sopandi, Sopandi Sri Wahyuni Stefanus Stefanus Supriatno Suratman Suratman Susanthi, Putu Rani Susanto Harianto Tuha, Panca Tuah Usmanti, Yanti Veisyal, Andrian Verdian, Armando Verri Kuswanto Wahdiyat Moko Wiyono Hermanto Yanti, Lia Dama Yo Ceng Giap Yo Ceng Giap Yozia Josephine Yozia Josephine, Yozia Yunia Oktari Yusuf Kurnia Yusuf Kurnia, Yusuf Yusuf, Mochamad Ghiffari Zebua, Fabo'oni