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All Journal Farmaka Science and Technology Indonesia Jambura Nursing Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Sciences of Pharmacy Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Farmasi : Pharmacare Society Jurnal Ilmiah Dr. Aloei Saboe International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika (JFTSK) Journal of Community and Clinical Pharmacy Journal of Pharmacology and Natural Products Jurnal Riset dan Pengabdian Interdisipliner
Mohamad Aprianto Paneo
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Effect of Centrifugation on Nanoemulsion Stability with Tween, PEG, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-p Fauziah Rahmola; Mohamad Adam Mustapa; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Endah Nurrohwinta Djuwarno; Muhammad Taupik
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.271

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of centrifugation speed on the physical stability of a nanoemulsion base formulated with grapeseed oil (long-chain triglyceride, LCT) and stabilized using Tween 80–PEG 400, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-P, as a preliminary platform for topical and oral pharmaceutical applications. A descriptive–experimental design was employed. Nanoemulsion bases were prepared by the aqueous titration method followed by 60-minute sonication. Four formulations (F1–F4) contained 5% grapeseed oil and 2% Poloxamer 188, while Tween 80/PEG 400 levels and Transcutol-P (0.5–2%) were varied. Accelerated physical stability was assessed by centrifugation at 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 rpm for 30 minutes, followed by organoleptic observation, emulsion type determination, pH measurement, and viscosity testing. All formulations remained visually stable at 2000 rpm. At 4000 rpm, F1–F2 showed increased turbidity with a thin top layer (incipient creaming), whereas F3–F4 remained stable without phase separation. At 6000 rpm, F1–F2 became more turbid with the onset of a surface oil layer, while F3–F4 maintained stability. At 8000 rpm, F1–F2 exhibited complete phase separation; F3 showed a slight oil layer; and F4 was the most stable, showing only minimal turbidity without total phase breaking. All formulations were classified as oil-in-water (O/W). The pH ranged from 6.0 to 7.0 (mean 6.45 ± 0.42) and viscosity from 176 to 220 cP (mean 196.25 ± 18.89). In conclusion, increasing centrifugation speed effectively differentiated formulation robustness, with F4 demonstrating the highest resistance to mechanical stress up to 8000 rpm.
The Effect of Centrifugation Test on the Physical Stability of Nanoemulsion Containing a Combination of Poloxamer 407, Tween 80, PEG 400, and DMSO Rani Orelia A. Unga; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; La Ode Aman; Mohamad Adam Mustapa
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.272

Abstract

The development of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems has gained significant attention due to their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, and therapeutic effectiveness. Optimizing the combination of surfactants, co-surfactants, and penetration enhancers is essential to produce a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of nanoemulsions prepared using Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and to determine the optimal formulation based on physicochemical characteristics and accelerated stability testing. Four nanoemulsion formulations (F1–F4) were prepared with varying concentrations of surfactant and co-surfactant. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, emulsion type, pH, viscosity, and physical stability using a centrifugation test at speeds up to 8000 rpm to detect phase separation, flocculation, or coalescence. The results showed that all formulations were classified as oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. No phase separation was observed after centrifugation, indicating good physical stability. However, F1 and F2 appeared turbid, whereas F3 and F4 demonstrated better clarity and overall stability. The pH values ranged from 6.6 to 7.4, which are acceptable for topical application, and viscosity values ranged from 405 to 427 cPs, indicating suitable rheological properties for topical use. In conclusion, the combination of Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and DMSO successfully produced a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. Among the tested formulations, F3 and F4 exhibited the most optimal characteristics and show strong potential for further development in pharmaceutical nanoemulsion formulations.
Effect of Centrifugation on the Stability of Nanoemulsion Base Containing Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 188, and DMSO Karmila Lihawa; Mohamad Adam Mustapa; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Widy Susanti Abdulkadir; Muhammad Taupik
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.277

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are biphasic dispersion systems (oil and water) with nanometer-scale droplet sizes that exhibit better physical stability than conventional emulsions and are widely utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The kinetic stability of nanoemulsions is strongly influenced by the composition of surfactants, co-surfactants, and other supporting components. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of centrifugation on the physical stability of an olive oil–based nanoemulsion with varying concentrations of Tween 80 and PEG 400, supported by Poloxamer 188 and DMSO. This laboratory-based experimental study employed the aqueous titration method for nanoemulsion preparation, followed by ultrasonication for 60 minutes. Accelerated stability testing was conducted through centrifugation at speeds of 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 rpm for 30 minutes. Physical evaluations included organoleptic testing, pH measurement, viscosity determination, and emulsion type identification using the methylene blue dye method. The results showed that all formulations remained stable at 2,000–4,000 rpm. At 6,000 rpm, formulations F1 and F2 began to exhibit partial creaming, and at 8,000 rpm significant phase separation was observed in F1 and F2, whereas F3 and F4 remained clear and homogeneous. The pH values of all formulations ranged from 6.8 to 7.3 (7.03 ± 0.22), indicating good chemical stability. Viscosity values ranged from 103 to 132 cPs (111.5 ± 13.77), which fall within the acceptable range for nanoemulsion systems. The emulsion type test showed a homogeneous blue color distribution, confirming that all formulations were oil-in-water (O/W) systems. In conclusion, the ratio of Tween 80 to PEG 400 plays a crucial role in enhancing the kinetic stability of olive oil–based nanoemulsions. Formulations F3 and F4 demonstrated the most optimal physical stability and have strong potential for further development in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Emulgel Extract of Guava (Psidium Guajava Linn.) Using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1- Picrylhydrazyl) Methods Nurain Thomas; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Angreni Ayuhastuti; Lutfia Nurfadila Arifin
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.291

Abstract

Plants that have the potential to contain antioxidants are guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn.) which contain one of the compounds, flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity that can reduce free radicals. Emulgel has advantages such as thixotropic, easy to spread, easy to clean, does not leave stains, durable and can be a delivery system for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. This study aims to formulate guava leaf extract emulgel and determine antioxidant activity using DPPH method. This research began with guava leaf extraction and base optimization with varying concentrations of stearic acid as an emulsifier consisting of F1 8%, F2 10% and F3 12%. The base that meets the requirements of good physical stability is F2. F2 base was made into emulgel preparations with 3 variations of guava leaf extract concentration, namely F2a 1%, F2b 2% and F2b 3%. The three formulas were tested for physical stability including organoleptic test, emulsion type, pH test, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity test, and freeze thaw test as well as antioxidant activity test with DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test showed that the preparations F2a, F2b and F2c met the requirements. The IC50 value in each formulation has a different antioxidant activity value. F2a formulation is 123.59 ppm and F2b is 107.08 ppm which is classified as moderate antioxidant activity, while F2c is 61.74 ppm which is classified as strong antioxidant activity. Guava leaf extract emulgel formula, especially the second formula (F2c), has great potential to be considered by the pharmaceutical industry to be developed into antioxidant products because the results of the evaluation that have been carried out meet the requirements in terms of physical evaluation and potential antioxidant strong.
Evaluation of the Physical Stability of a Grape Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Base Using a Centrifugation Test Siti Ruqaiyah Lakoro; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Robert Tungadi; Ariani H Hutuba
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.302

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are nanometer-scale dispersion systems used as bases for pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations because they can improve the solubilization and physical stability of lipophilic ingredients. This study evaluated the physical stability of a grape seed oil nanoemulsion base containing Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and Transcutol HP using an accelerated centrifugation test. Four formulations with different surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations were prepared and centrifuged at 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 rpm. Homogeneity, clarity, turbidity, and phase separation were assessed visually after each treatment. All formulations remained homogeneous without visible phase separation at 2,000 and 4,000 rpm. At 6,000 rpm, several formulations showed increased turbidity but no phase separation. At 8,000 rpm, the formulations remained homogeneous and showed no visible phase separation. The stability of the system may be associated with Tween 80 reducing interfacial tension, PEG 400 and Transcutol HP supporting solubilization of the oil phase, and Poloxamer 407 providing steric stabilization. These results demonstrate satisfactory physical stability under the applied centrifugation conditions and support further evaluation through droplet-size analysis, polydispersity index, zeta potential, rheology, and long-term storage studies.
Physical Evaluation and Stability of HPMC-Based Bromelain Enzyme Gel Preparation Fira Irianti Umar; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Muhammad Taupik; Isha Isa; Ariani H Hutuba
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i2.315

Abstract

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and has potential as an active ingredient in topical preparations. The development of bromelain in gel form requires a suitable base to produce a preparation with good physical characteristics and stability. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was selected as the gel base because it can form a stable, homogeneous gel suitable for topical use. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics and stability of an HPMC-based bromelain enzyme gel preparation. The study was conducted experimentally by optimizing HPMC gel bases at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The selected base was used to prepare bromelain enzyme gel with bromelain concentrations of 2% (F1), 4% (F2), and 8% (F3). The evaluation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, qualitative identification of bromelain, and stability using the temperature stress test method. The optimization results showed that 2% HPMC was the most suitable base, as it produced a homogeneous gel with pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness values that met the requirements. The Biuret test was positive in pure bromelain and all gel formulas, indicating that bromelain protein remained detectable after formulation. Physical evaluation showed that all formulas were homogeneous, had a characteristic bromelain odor, and met the requirements for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The stability test showed no noticeable organoleptic changes in all formulas. However, pH and viscosity decreased as temperature increased, with the greatest viscosity reduction observed in F3. Based on the results, the HPMC-based bromelain enzyme gel preparation showed good physical characteristics, with 2% HPMC as the most suitable gel base. However, storage temperature should be considered to maintain the physical stability of the preparation.
Formulation of 70% Ethanol Extract Cream of Ketapang Leaf (Terminalia catappa L.) and Efficacy Test for Cut Wound in Mice (Mus muscullus) Nurain Thomas; Fika Nuzul Ramadhani; Nur Rasdianah; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Kadaria Toana
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 6, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v6i1.1458

Abstract

A laceration (vulnus scissum) is characterized by straight, regular wound edges, typically resulting from sharp object trauma. Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to accelerate wound recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an extract cream derived from T. catappa leaves on laceration healing in mice (Mus musculus). The extract was obtained via maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening. The cream base was optimized to meet pharmaceutical standards, with evaluations encompassing organoleptic properties, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity, and freeze-thaw stability. Three formulations were developed with varying extract concentrations: F1 (15%), F2 (20%), and F3 (25%). The in vivo efficacy test involved five groups of mice. Results indicated that all three formulations met the criteria for physical stability. In terms of healing duration, the negative control group required 21 days, while the positive control group achieved healing in 10 days. Among the treatment groups, F1 (15%) and F2 (20%) showed healing times of 18 and 16 days, respectively. Notably, F3 (25%) exhibited the highest efficacy with a healing time of 10 days, comparable to the positive control. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA confirmed these findings with a p-value < 0.05.
Profile of Antidepressant Use and Drug Interactions among Psychiatric Outpatients at RSUD Ainun Habibie Nabila Husnunnisa Ismail; Teti Sutriyati Tuloli; Nur Rasdianah; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 6, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v6i1.1447

Abstract

Mental disorders are commonly treated with antidepressants, antipsychotics, or their combination. Although combination therapy may improve therapeutic outcomes, it also increases the risk of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs), which can affect drug efficacy and safety. This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing profile of antidepressants and the potential DDIs among patients attending the Mental Health Outpatient Clinic at Ainun Habibie Hospital. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records. Patients were selected through purposive sampling, and 161 records met the inclusion criteria. Potential DDIs were identified and classified according to their mechanism and severity. Of the 161 medical records reviewed, 160 patients (99.38%) had at least one potential DDI. A total of 479 potential interactions were identified, including 116 (24.22%) pharmacokinetic and 364 (75.83%) pharmacodynamic interactions. Pharmacodynamic interactions consisted of 353 (73.54%) synergistic and 11 (2.29%) antagonistic effects. Based on severity, 106 (22.13%) interactions were classified as major, 371 (77.45%) as moderate, and 2 (0.42%) as minor. The most common potential DDIs were clozapine–fluoxetine (44 cases, 9.17%), Merlopam–Sandepril (42 cases, 8.75%), and trihexyphenidyl–risperidone (38 cases, 7.92%). Potential DDIs were highly prevalent among psychiatric outpatients, with pharmacodynamic interactions of moderate severity predominating. Routine medication review and monitoring are essential to reduce the risk of clinically significant DDIs and improve patient safety.
Penyimpanan Obat dan Alkes di Box/Troli Emergensi di Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar: Storage of Medications and Medical Supplies in Emergency Boxes/Carts at Stella Maris Hospital Makassar Aisyah Agustina Mokoginta; Madania; Mohamad Aprianto Paneo; Teti Tuloli; Nur Ain Thomas; Alfa B Handayani
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (Special Issue) - Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (JKS) - Agustus 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v9i8.11816

Abstract

Penyimpanan obat dan alat kesehatan pada box/troli emergensi merupakan aspek penting dalam pelayanan kegawatdaruratan di rumah sakit karena berperan dalam menjamin ketersediaan, keamanan, mutu, serta kemudahan akses terhadap obat dan alat kesehatan yang dibutuhkan dalam kondisi darurat. Penyimpanan yang tidak sesuai standar dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan penanganan pasien, kesalahan penggunaan obat, serta meningkatnya risiko keselamatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem penyimpanan obat dan alat kesehatan pada box/troli emergensi di Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung menggunakan lembar checklist yang disusun berdasarkan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) penyimpanan obat dan alat kesehatan pada box/troli emergensi di Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Aspek yang diamati meliputi penyimpanan obat, penyimpanan alat kesehatan, dan pengelolaan troli emergensi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk persentase tingkat kesesuaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan obat dan alat kesehatan pada box/troli emergensi secara umum telah memenuhi kategori baik, meskipun masih ditemukan beberapa ketidaksesuaian pada aspek pengelolaan troli emergensi yang memerlukan perbaikan dan pengawasan lebih lanjut. ABSTRACT The storage of medications and medical devices in emergency boxes/carts is an essential aspect of emergency healthcare services in hospitals, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the availability, safety, quality, and accessibility of medications and medical devices required during emergency situations. Storage practices that do not comply with established standards may lead to delays in patient management, medication errors, and an increased risk to patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the storage system for medications and medical devices in emergency boxes/carts at Stella Maris Hospital Makassar. A descriptive study with an observational approach was employed. Data were collected through direct observation using a checklist developed based on the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the storage of medications and medical devices in emergency boxes/carts at Stella Maris Hospital Makassar. The observed aspects included medication storage, medical device storage, and emergency cart management. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented as percentages of compliance. The results showed that, overall, the storage of medications and medical devices in emergency boxes/carts met the criteria for good practice. However, several non-conformities were identified in the management of emergency carts, indicating the need for further improvement and continuous monitoring.
Co-Authors A.Mu’thi Andy Suryadi Abdulkadir, Widi Susanti Aditya Naufal Maulana Aisyah Agustina Mokoginta Alfa B Handayani Anasiru, Rayhan Firman Andi Makkulawu Andi Makkulawu Andy Suryadi, A. Mu'thi Anggai, Rifka Anggraini Angreni Ayuhastuti ANWAR IBRAHIM, ANWAR Ariani H. Hutuba Arsyad, Rival Al-fazri Ayu Maloho, Sity Nur Rahayu Maloho Balikan, Virginia Banne, Pratiwi Zesika baruadi., siti_yustika. Basri, Rakhmadana Fitraeni Cristian Polamolo Djayadi Azis Djayadi Azis Dolih Gozali Dr. Apt. Hamsidar Hasan S.Si.,M.Si Dyah Mashita Nur Hanan Rahim Endah N. Djuwarno Endah Nurrohwinta Djuwarno Faradila Ratu Cindana Fauziah Rahmola Fika Nuzul Ramadhani Fira Irianti Umar Hari Restu Putra Martam Murad Hiola, Faramita Irmayanti Irmayanti, Irmayanti Isha Isa Ishak Isa Ishak, Siti Magfira Jumantrin, Nur Fitriah Kadaria Toana Kahar, Oktaviani Karmila Lihawa La Ode Aman Larastiyas Pulukadang LATIF, MULTIANI S Latif, Multiani S. Lihawa, Karmila Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa Lutfia Nurfadila Arifin Madania, Madania Mahdalena Sy Pakaya Mahdalena Sy. Pakaya Makkulawu, Andi Manno, Mohamad Reski Manno, Mohammad Reski Moh. Rivai Nakoe Mohamad Adam Mustapa Mohamad Tahir Palowa Moo, Faradila Ratu Cindana Muhammad Taupik Multiani S Latif Mumtazah, Naharil Munafri, Nur Alifia Karina Nabila Husnunnisa Ismail Najwa Athifah Tsamarah Umar Nani, Indriyati Nasrun Pakaya Nikmasari Pakaya Nur Ain Thomas Nur Rasdianah Nurain Abdullah Nurkamiden, Firman Nurkamiden, Sri Devi Maharani Olii, Zihan Maura Putri Palowa, Mohamad Tahir Papeo, Dizky Ramadani Putri Pido, Nur Huda Pratiwi Abdullah Puluhulawa, Lisa Efriani Radjak, Fahmi As Raji, Andre Rani Orelia A. Unga Rasdiana, Nur Rauf, Shalwa Azahrah Rismayani, Nur Riyanti Djafar Robert Tungadi Sabrina, Putri Sabrina, Putri Febbiyanti Serly Daud Siti Ruqaiyah Lakoro Sitty Ainsyah Habibie Solang, Wicawati Van Suleman, Putri Rawe Suryadi, A Mu'thi Andy Suryadi, A. Mu'thi Andy Suryadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Suyadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Taofik Rusdiana Teti Sutriyati Tuloli Teti Tuloli Thamrin, Rahmulia Timo, Nur Kharisma Ekaputri Widi Susanti Abdulkadir Widy Susanti Abdulkadir Widy Susanti Abdulkadir Wiwit Zuriati Uno Wiwit Zuriati Uno Zulkifli B Pomalango