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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATERIAL CONTENT AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE SOUTH BENGKALIS ISLAND, RIAU PROVINCE Razid, Muhamad; Amin, Bintal; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): August
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This study was conducted in July-August 2020 by using sediment samples and macrozoobenthos in the southern part of Bengkalis Island, Riau Province. The aim of this study is to find out how much the organic matter content, the abundance of macrozoobenthos, and the correlation between the organic matter content of the sediments to the abundance of macrozoobenthos. This study used a survey method consisting of 3 stations with 3 transects in each station. The organic matter content of sediments revolved from 4.85 to 8.52% in the waters of the southern part of Bengkalis Island. The highest organic matter content was at station III, namely 8.52%, while the lowest organic matter content was at station II namely 4.85%. The abundance of organisms found at the three research stations was 4.04 to 5.96 ind/m2. The abundance average at all macrozoobenthic research stations was 4.93 ind/m2. The results of simple linear regression analysis of organic matter content and abundance of macrozoobenthos showed a very weak correlation.
INVENTORY OF SEA CUCUMBER SPECIES (Holothuroidea) IN THE WATERS OF PANDARATAN BEACH SARUDIK DISTRICT, CENTRAL TAPANULI REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA Panggabean, Iis; Samiaji, Joko; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

Pandaratan Beach is one of the beaches located in Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. Pandaratan Beach has a diverse potential of biological resources namely mangrove ecosystems, seagrass ecosystems, and coral reef ecosystems. Sea cucumbers are among the potentials in the beach.This research was conducted in February 2021. The purpose of this study is to find out the type, abundance and diversity of sea cucumbers in the waters of Pandaratan Beach. The method used was the survey and for the determination of the observation location was determined by purposive sampling. The results showed that 1 genera and 3 species of sea cucunbers were found, namely Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, and Holothuria leucospilota. The abundance of sea cucumbers ranged from 444 – 800 ind/ha.The highest relative abundance was found in the found in the species of Holothuria leucospilota at station I with a percentage of 66.67%. The sea cucumber diversity index ranged from 0.6515 - 1.1955.
STRUCTURE OF THE BENTHIC EPIFAUNA COMMUNITY IN MANGROVE ECOTOURISM AREA IN PANGKALAN JAMBI VILLAGE, BUKIT BATU DISTRICT, BENGKALIS REGENCY Arniati, Dina; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi; Mubarak, Mubarak
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

Benthic epifauna are animals that generally live in coastal waters such as sandy/muddy beaches, coral reef ecosystems and mangrove ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of the benthic epifauna community in Mangrove ecotourism, Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. This study uses a survey method. Epifauna community structure parameters taken include species, abundance, diversity, uniformity, and dominance. The environmental parameters measured included water quality, substrate type and total organic matter content of the sediment. The number of species found was 9 species from 2 classes, namely Gastropods and Malacostraca with the most dominant species found, namely the benthic epifauna species Cerithidea quadrata. The highest abundance of benthic epifauna species Cerithidia quadrata was 1.04 Ind/m2. Based on the ANOVA test with a significant value of 0.115> 0.05, it means that the preference of the betik epifauna between stations was not significantly different.
SEDIMENT ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT AND MACROZOOBENTHOS ABUDANCE IN THE ESTUARY OF KAMBANG PESISIR SELATAN DISTRICT WEST SUMATERA Putri, Rahmi; Nedi, Syahril; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

Around the Kambang Estuary, there are fish shelters (TPI), fishing boat ports, residential areas, and mangrove ecosystems. This causes a decrease in water quality due to the increase in organic matter, which has an impact on the life of macrozoobenthos. The study conducted in February 2021 aims to analyze the organic matter content of sediments, identify the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos and the relationship between sedimentary organic matter and the abundance of macrozoobenthos. Determination of stations using purposive sampling method. This research was carried out at 4 stations with 4 sampling points. The results showed that the organic matter content found varied from 4.23 to 8.47%. The abundance of macrozoobenthos ranged from 13.89 to 38.89 ind/m2. The species of macrozoobenthos found at the study site consisted of 8 species from 3 classes of bivalves, gastropods and malacostraca. The relationship between the organic matter content in the sediment and the abundance of macrozoobenthos is obtained by the equation Y = 22.734 + 0.319X, where the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.003 and the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.054, which is a very weak shows correlation.
ESTIMATION OF CARBON RESERVED IN MANGROVE FOREST OF SUNGAI APIT DISTRICT, SIAK REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE Dewi, Delviana; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi; Amin, Bintal
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

Mangrove forests can absorb and store carbon in large quantities and for a long time, so they can play a role in mitigating climate change. This research was conducted in February 2021 on the Mangrove Ecosystem in the Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove Tourism Area of ​​Kayu Ara Permai Village, aiming to identify species and analyze mangrove density, mangrove biomass and carbon content, CO2 uptake, as well as analyzing the relationship between mangrove density and biomass, carbon stock and CO2 uptake. This study uses a survey method, the measurement of mangrove biomass using the allometric equation method. The results of the highest average mangrove density, potential estimates of carbon stock and CO2 absorption are found on Transect 3 which shows an average mangrove density of 2166.66 ind/ha, mangrove carbon stock 91.9378 tons/ha and CO2 absorption of 336.5667 tons/ha. The largest soil organic carbon was found in transect 3, which was 384.15 tons/ha. Density does not have a strong relationship with biomass, mangrove carbon content and carbon sequestration. Mangrove density between transects showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Biomass, mangrove carbon and CO2 uptake between transects were not significantly different (p>0.05), while the estimated soil organic carbon stock was significantly different (p<0.05) between transects.
ANALYSIS OF CARBON STOCK IN SEAGRASS Cymodocea rotundata IN TUAPEJAT WATERS, MENTAWAI ISLAND DISTRICT Oktari, Mela; Amin, Bintal; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This research was conducted in January 2022. Seagrass density calculations and seagrass sampling were carried out in Dusun Jati, Tuapejat, Sipora Utara District, Mentawai Islands Regency, and seagrass sample analysis was carried out at the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The objective of the study is to analyze the density of seagrass C. rotundata, analyze the biomass and carbon stock stored in Agb and Bgb parts, and whether there are differences in density, biomass, and carbon stock between stations in seagrass C. rotundata at the research site. The density value of seagrass C.rotundata varies for each station. The average density of seagrass C. rotundata at the study site was 33.48 stands/m2. The range of the biomass value in the Agb section is 21.78-39.9 gbk/m2 while the Bgb section is 31.01-61.4 gbk/m2. The average value of the carbon stock stored in the Agb section is around 2.08-5.34 gC/m2 and the Bgb section is 10.81-15.48 gC/m2. The conclusion from this research is that the density of seagrass at the research location is infrequently and each station has a different density. The highest biomass is found at a greater density as well as the carbon stock. Biomass between stations was not significantly different while the Agb and Bgb parts were significantly different. Density, biomass, and carbon stock have a very strong relationship.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT IN SEDIMENTS AND MACROZOOBENTHOS ABUNDANCE IN PAKNING RIVER WATERS, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE Dwigantara, M. Fadhol; Amin, Bintal; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This research was conducted in April 2021 to analyze organic matter content in the sediment and the abundance of macrozoobenthos. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of organic matter in sediments and their relationship with the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the waters of the Pakning River, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. Sediment and macrozoobenthos samples were taken from the waters of the Pakning River, Bengkalis District, Riau Province. The method used in this research is a survey method. Sampling was determined using purposive sampling at four different stations. The results of this study indicate that the organic matter content of sediment in the waters of the Pakning River has a percentage of 6.73-12.76%. The highest organic matter content is at station 1 of 12.76% and the lowest organic matter content is at station 4 of 6.73%. The highest average abundance of macrozoobenthos was 19.26 ind/m2 at station 1 with the dominant species being Anadara granosa. Connection between organic sediment and abundance of macrozoobenthos has a linear regression equation y = 1.8442 +0.1662x with a coefficient (R2) of 0.1491 which means that the effect of organic matter in the waters of the Pakning River is 14.9% while 85.1% is influenced by other factors. The value of 0.38 indicates that the relationship between organic matter and the abundance of macrozoobenthos is, a moderate relationship.
ESTIMATION OF CARBON RESERVES IN SEDIMENTS IN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF BUKIT BATU VILLAGE, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU Dermawan, Ernanda Putra; Siregar, , Yusni Ikhwan; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This research was carried out in December 2021. Sampling and water quality measurements were carried out in the Bukit Batu Muara River, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. Sample analysis was continued at the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the estimation of carbon stocks in sediments, the comparison of carbon stocks between transects, and the relationship between density and carbon stocks in the Muara Sungai Bukit Batu mangrove area, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The method used in this study is a survey method. Parameters measured included mangrove density (Ind/Ha), organic matter content, and carbon stock in sediments. In addition, water quality was also measured in the form of temperature, salinity, and degree of acidity. Analysis of carbon stock using the loss on ignition method. The result of average density of mangroves throughout the transect is 3733.33 (Ind/Ha). The lowest carbon stock value in sediments is in transect 2 with medium mangrove density with a value of 29.26 tons/ha, while the highest carbon stock value is in transect 3 with high-density mangrove areas with a value of 36.15 tons/ha. The results of a simple linear regression to determine the relationship between mangrove density and carbon stock show a coefficient of determination R² = 0.023, which means that 2.3% of total carbon stock is affected by density, while 97.7% is influenced by other factors. The value of R = 0.152, which means that the relationship between density and carbon stock in the Bukit Batu river estuary area, Bengkalis Regency, is low.
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF THE RAMA (Thalassina anomala) IN THE MANGROVE AREA, GOGOK VILLAGE, MERANTI ISLANDS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE Farona, Fella; Zulkifli, Zulkifli; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This research was conducted in January 2021 in the Mangrove Area of Gogok Village, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province with the aim of knowing the abundance and distribution pattern of Thalassina anomala in the area. The method used is a survey method. Sampling used the line transect method. Sampling was carried out by drawing three transect lines, starting from the lowest low tide line along 45 m inland at each station. carried out on square plots measuring 5x5m. The parameters measured were temperature with an average value of 27.7oC, salinity with an average value of 26.7 ppt, and pH with an average value of 6,8. The results showed that the Thalassina anomala found in the mangrove area of Gogok Village, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province was 6.6 ind/25m2. Meanwhile, the distribution pattern of the Thalassina anomala in the area is completely random. The moths live in nests with sediments with low bulk density values, namely on fine-textured soils and granular structures with bulk density values between 0.1 - 0.9 g/cm3. Based on the analysis of organic matter content carried out in the mangrove area of Gogok Village, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, it can be seen that the organic matter content is high between 42,1833 - 58,1833%.
DECOMPOSITION RATE OF LITTERFALL MANGROVE Rhizophora sp. AT SUNGAI BERSEJARAH MANGROVE AREA, KAYU ARA PERMAI VILLAGE, SUNGAI APIT DISTRICT, SIAK REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE Hersa, Tania; Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi; Amin, Bintal
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/

Abstract

This research was carried out in February 2021 in the Historic River Mangrove Tourism Area, Kayu Ara Permai Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. This study aims to analyze the rate of decomposition of inter mangrove litter. The method used in this study is a survey method and the determination of the sampling location by purposive sampling. The rate of decomposition of mangrove leaf litter was carried out by placing 10 g of litter in a litter bag on the mangrove forest floor in three zones for 4 weeks and taken every week as a sample. The results showed that the water quality, namely the temperature ranged from 28-30°C, salinity 30-31‰, and pH 6.1-6.4. The results of the calculation of the rate of decomposition of mangrove leaves obtained an average of 0.25–0.11 g/day. The results of the Anova test showed that the rate of decomposition of mangrove leaf litter was higher in zone 1, which is relatively always inundated by tides and is affected by sea waves.
Co-Authors ', Zefendra ', Zulkifli AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdullah, Ikhlas Abiyu Rohid Adani Fatahilal Arifin Adila, Melin Adiyatma, Patwa Afrizal Tanjung Agnesia, Yohana Agus Mandar, Agus Agus Sutikno Agusti, Dianda Roaana Agusti, Dinda Roanna Ahmad Pasmuji Ahmadryadi_ahmadryadi Ahmadryadi_ahmadryadi Akmal Hawari Alfiana, Dewi Alghani, Muhammad Roif Alpian Alya, Alya Ananda, Nahdya Nasri Andreas Situmorang Andrew ST OS Andri Hendrizal Andrito, Wahyudi Angelia E Bernike Zebua Anggina, Viona Novi ani ani Anugrah, Muhammad Dea Aprizon Putra Aras Mulyadi Arbianti, Purnama Ardiana, Eka Ariaz, Panji Ahmad Arif Rahman Hakim Arifin, Adani Fatahilal Arlius Arlius, Arlius Arniati, Dina Asma Husna Putri Asma Ul Husna Putri Ayuni, Putri Bagas Ariya Pambudi Bahari, Sandy Bahruddin Batubara, Ummi Mardhiah Bintal Amin Bona Juandi Bonawi Sihombing Bonita Tiolina Exaudi Budijono, Budijono Burhan Marbun Cahyo, Bintang Dwi Clara Yolandika Cut Shifa Nedi Dame, Jupparoh Caisar Van Dandi Arianto Pelly David Raymond Sianturi Dedi Afandi Defri Yoza Dela Haryani Dermawan, Ernanda Putra Desmarina, Y. Despela, Despela Dessy Yosswaty Dessy Yoswaty Dessyka Febria, Dessyka Destriana Destriana Dewi Alfiana Dewi, Delviana Dianda Roanna Agusti Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen Doni Gunawan Tampubolon Dwigantara, M. Fadhol Eko Prianto, Eko Elfind Laoli Elfis Suanto Elizal, Elizal Endi Setiadi Eni Sumiarsih Enny Herawaty Simamora Erick Palatema Esti Nur Rahayu Esti Nur Rahayu Exaudi, Bonita Tiolina Fachry Abda El Rahman Fajriani Ananda Fajriani, Annisa Farona, Fella Fazli Pasha Amri Febrianto Roby Mukhti Fernando, Muhammad Zebi Fia Novianty Fitria Roza Fitriani, Ersa Friska Maulidah Fuadi, Indra Gavion Roston Sitepu Ginting, Dya Indriati Br Ginting, T.B. Gita Purnama Sari, Gita Purnama Gusfi, Melly Hadi Sastranegara Hadiyatma, Patwa Halida Sisda Harahap Hanryani, Putri Hapzi Ali Harahap, Anugrah Setiadari Hardianto Andita Harry Leonardo Barutu Hasan, Masyhuda Hasanah, Siti Umiyatul Hasyim, Ardhan Fadhlani Hendra Taufik Herrys V Silalahi Hersa, Tania Hesty Widyaningsih Homsatun, Nuning Hutomo, Ragil Tribhakti Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Ikhsan Setiawan Ilham hidayat Ilham Ilahi Imanuel, Andrean Nggara Imran , Imran Imran Imran Indra Bayu Pratama Indradewa, Rhian Inel Vivi Elvia Inka Wahyuni Intan, Selpia Irvina Nurachmi Irwan Effendi Iskan Fami Jumaidi Isnaini, Siti Joko Samiaji Josua Simanjuntak, Josua Judika Nursiani Sipahutar Jufri Jufri Jufri Jufri Junika Cecelia Putri Jupri, Tahany Nur Fadhilah Jupri, Tahany Nur Fadhillah Kaharudin, Zakaria Karnila, Rahman Karnila Kartina &#039; Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Khawarizmi, Dannes M. Kholida, Azzahra Kristoper Aritonang Laila Langsana Laksono Trisnantoro Langsana, Laila Laoli, Elfind Lee, Seung Hun Lianov, Dea Lie Othman Lieng, Lieng Lubis, Abdillah Lucky Syarif Lulu Mayna Nabilla M, Ridwan Rafsyanjani. M. Fadhol Dwigantara M. Subkhan Riza Maria Erna Martha, Rezky Dwi Matondang, Ridwan Rafsyanjani Maulana, Agung A. Mayrany, Sri Eva Meitasuri, Gevi Mia Fatma R Miswadi Miswadi Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Muhammad Aulia Rahman Muhammad Farhan Muhammad Rafsan Zain Muhammad Rizki Fadly Muhammad Rizky Rinaldi Muhammad Rusdi Muhammad Sabirin Muhammad Syarif Muhammad Zebi Fernando Muhammad Zebi Fernando Muhammad Zulkifli, Muhammad Mukhlis Alfarys Musrifin Galib Musrifin Ghalib Musrifin Musrifin Nababan, Sitty Mey Nabila, Chici Nabilah Jauharah Nadeak, Paulinus Nadida, Putri Nadiyatus Sholihat Nadratul Jamila Nasution, Fadli Ripai Nasution, Muhammad Rasid Naufal Sidqi Nawari Nawari Nawari Nawari, Nawari Noel GM Situmorang Novia Suci Yanti Novri Ditama Syafni Nuning Homsatun Nurafni, Melia Nurmalahayati, Yasinta Nursyirwani, Nursyirwani Oktari, Mela Oktaria, Rusiani Pambudi, Bagas Ariya Panggabean, Iis Panggabean, Iis Apriati Panji Ahmad Ariaz Patwa Hadiyatma Paul Rozeki Sinaga Pohan, Rizal Suardiman Pradini, Ulfa Rizki Pramita, Wisnu Pratama, Muhammad Dandy Syifa Prayitno, Betari Erlinda Putri Ayuni Putri Rifdayati Putri, Dinda Maharani Putri, Rahmi Putri, Rahmi Delima Putrianfi, Nadhifah Asilah Rafsyanjani M, Ridwan Rahayunigtyas, Putri Rahma Eka Putri Rahmadhani, Tami Fitri Rahmi Susanti Rahmita, R. Raja Rahmita Ramadani Safitri Ramadhan, A.R Ramadhan, A.R. Ramadhan, Muhammad Farizqy Rangga Wardana Rasoel Hamidy Razid, Muhamad Renata, Vivien Reny Cristina Naibaho RIDWAN AFFANDI Ridwan Manda Putra Rifaldi Rifaldi, Rifaldi Rifardi Rifda Syofiana R Rifdayati, Putri Rini, Yulia Sapta Rivaldi, Rahmat Rizki Dwi Yezelkiel Rizki, A. Romie Jhonnerie Ronal Kurniawan Rosiana, Kenny S. Pane, Rolis Sabirin, Muhammad Safatriani Safatriani Safitri, Winda Santi Maya Sari Saputra, Rengki Sari, D.J. Sari, Dwi Julita Sari, Lita Sari, Nova Iman Savita, Dinda Sihombing, Kelvin Simamora, Enny Herawati Siregar, , Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, Ali Mora Hadamean Siregar, Rafly Fadiansyah Siregar, Rifa Ghina Aulia Siti Anisah Siti Fatonah Siti Hasanah Siti Umiyatul Hasanah Sitorus, Tiroy Sofyan H. Siregar Sofyan Husein Siregar Sonya Marunjung P.Hsb Sri Murtin Sufaidah, Siti Nur Sujianto Sujianto Sujianto Sujianto Sukendi Sukendi Sulistio, Hendra Tri Suparno . Suwondo Suwondo Suzila &#039; Syafrhani, Wan Nabila Syafrizal Syafrizal Syafruddin Nasution Syahril Nedi Syamsiar, Syamsiar Syawfy Luthfiandra Taat Mujaid Arifin Tania Hersa Tanjung, Lismawati Tengku Mutia Smita Dwivayana Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Thamrin Tri Lestari Tri Prartono Triatama, Putri Zulfa Trisla Warningsih Uswatun Hasanah Vichi Apridianti Vivien Renata Wahyu Novra Wanda Wahyudi Wahyudi Wanda Syahrian Wardana, Rangga Wulan Cempaka Sari.S Yahya Benardus Sihombing Yanti, D.H. Yehezkiel, Rizki Dwi Yeli Hartuti Yetti Elfina Yohanna Siagian Yona, Fitria Mai Yosua Afrianus P Yulinda, Emelda Yusni Ikhwan Siregar Zain, Rahmita Firda Zakaria Kaharudin Zaki, Raihan Zientika, Zientika Zulhendri Zulhendri Zulkifli &#039; Zulkifli Zulkifli Zulkifli Zulkifli